THE IMPORTANCE OF BREASTFEEDING IN CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SCHOOL PHASE

This paper aims to report the importance of breastfeeding in the growth and development of children in the school phase, since it is found that, despite campaigns and divulgations by the responsible organs, the importance of breastfeeding, breastfeeding rates in Brazil are lower than recommended. The methodology used was a quantitative cross-sectional study, in which a survey was conducted through structured questionnaires sent to mothers of 10 students aged 7 to 10 years in the city of Catu/BA. The result of this study, according to BMI verification, by age shows that 8 of the 10 children in question are of ideal weight, 1 is overweight and 1 is obese. As for breastfeeding, 100% of children were breastfed for an average of 1 year and 5 months, and 70% of mothers did not use resources to help and 30% introduced couscous. It is concluded that the support of health professionals and organs is extremely important to emphasize exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of life of a child and breastfeeding up to 2 years of age.

Índice de masa corporal, peso ideal y porcentaje de grasa corporal en personas de diferentes grupos etarios

The objective is to compare BMI with the percentage of body fat and ideal weight, to supplement BMI in the diagnosis of obesity, from a group of adults. METHODS: descriptive, cross-cutting, prospective and correlational study, in a sample of 797 adults between 17 and 96 years old, attended in different clinical centers of Caracas, between 2015 and 2018. The variables are: age, weight, size and BMI was calculated, percentage of body fat (BFP) and ideal weight (IW). They were classified by sex, age group and BMI in normality and obesity. Two formulas were used for BFP: Deurenberg and Regression; and three formulas for IW: Lorenz, Ramirez-Lopez et al and Broca. Descriptive measures, association, correlation, average comparison and normality test were obtained, using Excel software, Epidat.2. RESULT: BMI and BFP averages increase to 40 years and decrease to age 79, the variables Size – IW Broca, and BMI- BFPR correlate well (r>0.75). The average BMI, BFPD, BFPR, IW Broca and IW Lorenz, depending on gender, are significant (p<0.000); for BMI, in Normality and Obesity, the weight averages, BMI, BFPD and BFPR are higher in the Obesity group, and significant (p<0,000). The Shapiro-France normality test found that the distribution of BMI, BFPD, BFPR and IW Lorenz, comes from a normally distributed population (p< 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: BMI even though it is most commonly used to diagnose obesity, it classifies normally, those with a high percentage of body fat.

Impact of obesity on hypertension: A review

The primary cause of extreme obesity and overweight is a disparity between energy consumption and expenditure. Obesity is technically described as the excess deposition of 20% or more body fat over a person's ideal weight of body. The latter is an individual's maximum healthy value, which is measured primarily based on age, build, height, and degree of muscular growth. Obesity, on the other hand, is diagnosed by comparing an individual's weight to his or her height and calculating the BMI. The NIH has set a maximum of 30 kg/m2 as the threshold for being considered obese. As a result, amid World Health Organization warnings, obesity is on the rise in children and adults around the world. Obesity's rise, as well as the scope of related health problems, has significant ramifications for both people and public healthcare systems. Obesity is linked to increased chances of injury, sickness, and death, and it is one of the world's most overlooked public health problems. Obesity is linked to cardiac problems, which are the primary cause of death globally especially hypertension and diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension and other metabolic disorders have yet to be thoroughly studied. We looked at the connection among obese and heart disease, specifically the biological mechanisms that link obese and hypertension, in this study.

SISTEM INFORMASI PEMENUHAN NILAI GIZI MAKANAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN METODE COOPER BERBASIS ANDROID STUDI KASUS: PUSKESMAS MRANGGEN II

Nutrition and nutrition of pregnant women is an important thing that must be met during pregnancy. The risk to the health of the fetus being conceived and the mother who is pregnant will be reduced if pregnant women get balanced nutrition and nutrition. Pregnant women who are malnourished can lead to premature birth, fetal death, abnormalities of the baby's central nervous system, as well as abnormal development, congenital defects, anemia in infants, low birth weight, and newborns with low health status.The problem that often arises today is the lack of knowledge of pregnant women about the importance of fulfilling nutrition / nutrition for pregnant women. Due to the lack of information and education of pregnant women. This study, designed a system for fulfilling the nutritional value of food for pregnant women using the Android-based COOPER method. Aims to make it easier for pregnant women to find information about nutritional intake through the selection of food menus.The author uses the Cooper method, because this method is very suitable for calculating the number of calories needed by pregnant women. The Cooper method calculates the number of calories by processing the ideal weight of pregnant women, the activities of pregnant women, and the number of hours of sleep pregnant women according to Poedysmoro (2005).To solve the problems above, it is necessary to design an Android-based information system application for the fulfillment of the nutritional value of pregnant women's food which is expected to help the role of the community, making it easier for pregnant women to find information about nutritional intake through the selection of food menus. This information can later be accessed by pregnant women to find out the fulfillment of nutrition through the food menu that must be consumed. Through the Android display that offers solutions so that it can be done anytime and anywhere.

Second law of thermodynamics for batteries with vacuum state

In stochastic thermodynamics work is a random variable whose average is bounded by the change in the free energy of the system. In most treatments, however, the work reservoir that absorbs this change is either tacitly assumed or modelled using unphysical systems with unbounded Hamiltonians (i.e. the ideal weight). In this work we describe the consequences of introducing the ground state of the battery and hence — of breaking its translational symmetry. The most striking consequence of this shift is the fact that the Jarzynski identity is replaced by a family of inequalities. Using these inequalities we obtain corrections to the second law of thermodynamics which vanish exponentially with the distance of the initial state of the battery to the bottom of its spectrum. Finally, we study an exemplary thermal operation which realizes the approximate Landauer erasure and demonstrate the consequences which arise when the ground state of the battery is explicitly introduced. In particular, we show that occupation of the vacuum state of any physical battery sets a lower bound on fluctuations of work, while batteries without vacuum state allow for fluctuation-free erasure.

Impact of intravenous lidocaine on clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS during COVID-19 pandemia (LidoCovid): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Objectives The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of intravenous lidocaine on gas exchange and inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome due or not to Covid-19 pneumonia. Trial design This is a prospective monocentric, randomized, quadruple-blinded and placebo-controlled superiority trial. This phase 3 clinical study is based on two parallel groups received either intravenous lidocaine 2% or intravenous NaCl 0.9%. Participants This study has been conducted at the University Hospitals of Strasbourg (medical and surgical Intensive Care Units in Hautepierre Hospital) since the 4th November 2020. The participants are 18 years-old and older, hospitalized in ICU for a moderate to severe ARDS according to the Berlin definition; they have to be intubated and sedated for mechanical protective ventilation. All participants are affiliated to the French Social security system and a dosage of beta HCG has to be negative for women of child bearing age . For the Covid-19 subgroup, the SARS-CoV2 infection is proved by RT-PCR <7 days before admission and/or another approved diagnostic technique and/or typical CT appearance pneumonia. The data are prospectively collected in e-Case Report Forms and extracted from clinical files. Intervention and comparator The participants are randomised in two parallel groups with a 1:1 ratio. In the experimental group, patients receive intravenous lidocaine 2% (20mg/mL) (from FRESENIUS KABI France); the infusion protocol provide a bolus of 1 mg/kg (ideal weight), followed by 3 mg/kg/h for the first hour, 1.5 mg/kg/h for the second hour, 0.72 mg/kg/h for the next 22 hours and then 0.6 mg/kg/h for 14 days at most or 24 hours after extubation or ventilator-weaning. The patients in the control group receive intravenous NaCl 0.9% (9 mg/mL) (from Aguettant, France) as placebo comparator; the infusion protocol provide a bolus of 0.05 mL/kg (ideal weight), followed by 0.15 mL/kg/h for the first hour, 0.075 mL/kg/h for the second hour, 0.036 mL/kg/h for the next 22 hours, and the 0.03 mL/kg/h for up to 14 days or 24 hours after extubation or ventilator-weaning. Lidocaine level is assessed at H4, D2, D7 and D14 to prevent local anesthetics systemic toxicity. Clinical data and biological samples are collected to assess disease progression. Main outcomes The primary outcome is the evolution of alveolar-capillary gas exchange measured by the PaO2/FiO2 ratio after two days of treatment. The secondary endpoints of the study include the following: Evolution of PaO2/FiO2 ratio at admission and after 21 days of treatment Number of ventilator-free days Anti-inflammatory effects by dosing inflammatory markers at different timepoints (ferritin, bicarbonate, CRP, PCT, LDH, IL-6, Troponin HS, triglycerides, complete blood count, lymphocytes) Anti-thrombotic effects by dosing platelets, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimers, viscoelastic testing and identification of all thromboembolic events up to 4 weeks. Plasmatic concentration of lidocaine and albumin Incidence of adverse events like cardiac rhythm disorders, need of vasopressors, any modification of the QRS, QTc or PR intervals every day Ileus recovery time Consumption of hypnotics, opioids, neuromuscular blockers. Lengths of stay in the ICU, incidence of reintubation and complications due to intensive care unit care (mortality until 90 days, pneumothorax, bacterial pneumopathy, bronchospasm, cardiogenic shock, acute renal failure, need of renal dialysis, delirium, atrial fibrillation, stroke (CAM-ICU score), tetraplegia (MCR score)). Incidence of cough and sore throat at extubation or ventilator-weaning and within 24 hours. All these outcomes will be evaluated according to positivity to Sars-Cov-2. Randomisation The participants who meet the inclusion criteria and have signed written informed consent will be randomly allocated using a computer-generated random number to either intervention group or control group. The distribution ratio of the two groups will be 1:1, with a stratification according to positivity to Sars-Cov-2. Blinding (masking) All participants, care providers, investigator and outcomes assessor are blinded. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) We planned to randomize fifty participants in each group, 100 participants total. Trial Status The amended protocol version 2.1 was approved by the Ethics Committee “Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Méditerranée II on January 8, 2021 and by the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) on November 10, 2020. The study is currently recruiting participants; the recruitment started in November 2020 and the planned recruitment period is three years. Trial registration The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on October 30, 2020 and identified by number NCT04609865. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

PKM Tumbuh Kembang Balita di Posyandu Balita Kelurahan Kenali Asam Bawah

Growth monitoring is an activity to detect early growth irregularities (malnutrition or poor nutritional status, short children), developmental deviations (late speaking) and mental emotional disorders (impaired concentration and hyperactivity). The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge about the normal growth and development of toddlers, increase awareness of mothers about the importance of stimuli for toddler growth and development. The survey that was conducted by the Community Service Team for mothers with toddlers stated that the lack of education provided by posyandu officers, especially regarding toddler growth and development. The method used in community services is discussion, question and answer, and weight checks on toddlers. The service was carried out at the Beringin Posyandu in Kenali Asam Bawah for mothers who have toddlers, implemented in December 2019-January 2020. After counseling activities, participants who attended understood about how to monitor growth and development in toddlers and can monitor ideal weight in toddlers

264 Harvest season, carcass weight, and fat measurement effects on lamb carcass characteristics and economic comparison of moderate and heavy weight lamb carcasses in the Western lamb processing industry

Carcass characteristics and economic impact estimates of over-finished lambs on the processing sector were evaluated in two commercial Intermountain West abattoirs. Lamb carcasses were surveyed throughout the year using digital images and imaging software (n = 9,532). Estimations of abattoir costs and returns included loading labor, downtime cost, price of fat, live and carcass trucking costs from the two largest lamb processors in the Intermountain West. Profitability comparisons were made using Monte Carlo simulation models replicating live and carcass prices for distributions based on historical pricing data to assess overall profitability of a carcass in an ideal weight range (29.5 - 39.0 kg) and a carcass that exceeds ideal weight (&gt; 39.0 kg). Overall means show that the average lamb carcass exceeded packer preferred hot carcass weight (40.76 ± 9.29 kg) and industry acceptable 12th rib fat thickness (8.17 ± 3.79 mm). There were seasonal differences in hot carcass weight and fat measurements with carcasses being lighter weight (P = 0.05) and trimmer (P = 0.05) in the summer months. Monte Carlo simulation found that the additional yield from heavier carcasses offset costs of harvesting them. However, factors such as machine wear and increased labor turnover rates should be considered, although difficult to quantify. Collectively, the current study shows that U.S. lamb carcasses are too heavy and excessively fat but have minor effect on processor profitability.