scholarly journals Games Centered Approaches in Teaching Children & Adolescents: Systematic Review of Associated Student Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Miller
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Level Of Evidence

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the weight of scientific evidence regarding student outcomes (physical, cognitive and affective) of a Game Centered Approach (GCA) when the quality of a study was taken into account in the interpretation of collective findings. A systematic search of five electronic databases (Sports Discuss, ERIC, A+ Education, PsychInfo and PROQUEST Education) was conducted from their year of inception to 30 January 2014. Included studies were longitudinal or experimental/quasi-experimental studies involving children or adolescents that quantitatively assessed (using repeat measures and/or comparison with a control group) the effects upon student outcomes when an intervention involved the use of a GCA. The search identified 15 articles examining the effects of GCA on student outcomes that met the criteria for inclusion. The weight of evidence provided by the included studies identified an association between a GCA and the outcomes of declarative knowledge, support during game play and affective outcomes of perceived competence, interest/enjoyment and effort/importance. Development of technical skill, procedural knowledge and game play skills of decision making and skill execution are not supported by the level of evidence currently provided. Intervention volume appears to have a large effect on the development of game based decision making and skill execution, with a positive association between these outcomes and use of GCA interventions greater than eight hours in volume. More longitudinal and intervention research examining the use of a GCA and potential psychological, physiological and behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents is recommended.

scholarly journals Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Nunes Vilela ◽  
Gustavo Zanna Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos ◽  
Nathalie Pepe Medeiros de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Grade Of Recommendation ◽  
Minimal Bias

To perform a systematic review of the literature on the control of oral biofilms and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, in addition to assessing and classifying studies as to the grade of recommendation and level of evidence. The review was based on PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus databases, from January 1st, 2000 until December 31st, 2012. Studies evaluating oral hygiene care related to nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Full published articles available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, which approached chemical or mechanical oral hygiene techniques in preventing pneumonia, interventions performed, and their results were included. After analysis, the articles were classified according to level of evidence and grade of recommendation according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. A total of 297 abstracts were found, 14 of which were full articles that met our criteria. Most articles included a study group with chlorhexidine users and a control group with placebo users for oral hygiene in the prevention of pneumonia. All articles were classified as B in the level of evidence, and 12 articles were classified as 2B and two articles as 2C in grade of recommendation. It was observed that the control of oral biofilm reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, but the fact that most articles had an intermediate grade of recommendation makes clear the need to conduct randomized controlled trials with minimal bias to establish future guidelines for oral hygiene in intensive care units.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Acetaminophen-Related Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies in Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Jiajun Zhong ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shuisheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group

Objective: The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in acetaminophen-induced liver injury has been investigated in animal experiments, but individual studies with a small sample size cannot be used to draw a clear conclusion. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies to explore the potential of using MSCs in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Methods: Eight databases were searched for studies reporting the effects of MSCs on acetaminophen hepatoxicity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies was applied to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 and STATA/SE 16.0 software. Results: Eleven studies involving 159 animals were included according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Significant associations were found for MSCs with the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (standardized mean difference (SMD) − 2.58, p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD − 1.75, p = 0.001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD 3.7, p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD 1.86, p = 0.022), interleukin 10 (IL-10) (SMD 5.14, p = 0.0002) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD − 4.48, p = 0.011) compared with those in the control group. The subgroup analysis showed that the tissue source of MSCs significantly affected the therapeutic efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that MSCs could be a potential treatment for acetaminophen-related liver injury.

scholarly journals The effect of hemodilution on free flap survival: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
Matteo Amoroso ◽  
Peter Apelgren ◽  
Anna Elander ◽  
Karin Säljö ◽  
Lars Kölby
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
The Cochrane Library

BACKGROUND: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been proposed as a microsurgical technique to improve blood flow in free flaps. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present the first systematic review of clinical and experimental studies on the effect of ANH. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov using search strategies and a review process in agreement with the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. PICO criteria were defined before bibliometric processing of the retrieved articles, which were analyzed with the SYRCLE RoB tool for risk of bias and the GRADE scale for level of evidence. RESULTS: We retrieved 74 articles from the literature search, and after processing according to PICO criteria, only four articles remained, all of which were experimental. The rating for risk of bias was uncertain according to SYRCLE RoB results, and the level of evidence was low according to GRADE evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clinical evidence for the effect of ANH on microcirculation in free flaps, and experimental studies provide weak evidence supporting the use of hemodilution in reconstructive microsurgery.

scholarly journals Quilting Sutures in Rhytidectomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ballan ◽  
Samer Jabbour ◽  
Youssef El Rayess ◽  
Khalil Jabbour ◽  
Lena El Hachem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Abstract Background Different technical variations exist for the utilization of quilting sutures (QS) in rhytidectomy. No systematic review or meta-analysis of the studies describing the use of QS in facelifts has been published to date to the authors’ knowledge. Objectives The objective of this study was to summarize all the published data regarding the utilization of QS in rhytidectomy, compare QS techniques, and evaluate their effect on postoperative complications. Methods On April 1, 2019, a systematic search of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted. All the studies describing the usage of QS in facelifts were included in this review. Studies reporting hematoma rate in a QS group and a control group were included in the meta-analysis part of this study. Results The initial search of the databases yielded 93 results. Four trials were included in the systematic review and 2 were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of included patients with QS was 527. Two studies employed internal QS and the remaining studies utilized external QS. The meta-analysis found a lower rate of hematoma in the QS group (relative risk, 0.02; 95% confidence interval = 0.00-0.13; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions QS can be applied either internally or externally and are very effective in reducing hematomas after facelifts. QS could be a great asset in facelifts but should be utilized with caution because additional work is needed to confirm their safety and efficacy. Level of Evidence: 2

scholarly journals Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin and mitomycin C for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases: A systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Pinto ◽  
Marc Pocard
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phase 2 Trial

AbstractBackgroundThe randomized trial PRODIGE 7 failed to show the benefit of oxaliplatin hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal peritoneal metastasis treatment (CR PM). This systematic review focuses on the association of cisplatin (CDDP) with mitomycin C (MMC) in HIPEC in CR PM.ContentExperimental studies demonstrated that hyperthermia, in addition to CDDP ± MMC treatment, gradually improved the cytotoxic effect by increasing early apoptosis, eATP interaction, intracellular CDDP concentration (by 20%) and p73 expression. Recent studies with highly selected patients reported unusual prolonged survival with a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 60 months, with a HIPEC combination of CDDP (25 mg/m2/L) plus MMC (3.3 mg/m2/L) at a temperature of 41.5–42.5 °C for 60–90 min. Major complications occurred in less than 30% of patients with limited hematological toxicity (less than 15%). In addition, in a phase 2 trial, an adjuvant HIPEC benefit was demonstrated in colorectal cancer patients with high risk for peritoneal failure (5-year OS: 81.3% vs. 70% for the HIPEC group vs. the control group, respectively, p=0.047). After a recurrence, an iterative procedure permitted similar recurrence-free disease (13 vs. 13.7 months) with an acceptable morbidity (18.7% of severe complications).Summary and outlookThe combination of CDDP and MMC seems to be an interesting protocol as an alternative to high-dose and short-term oxaliplatin.

Intra-articular Alpha-2 Agonists as an Adjunct to Local Anesthetic in Knee Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Holyoak ◽  
Ruan Vlok ◽  
Thomas Melhuish ◽  
Anthony Hodge ◽  
Matthew Binks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Level Of Evidence

AbstractThe infiltration of local anesthetic has been shown to reduce postoperative pain in knee arthroscopy. Several studies have shown that the addition of agents such as magnesium and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) result in an increased time to first analgesia and overall reduction in pain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether the addition of an α-2 agonist (A2A) to intra-articular local anesthetic, results in a reduction in postoperative pain. Four major databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to July 2017. RCTs containing a control group receiving a local anesthetic and an intervention group receiving the same with the addition of an A2A were included in the review. The included studies were assessed for level of evidence and risk of bias. The data were then analyzed both qualitatively and where appropriate by meta-analysis. We reviewed 12 RCTs including 603 patients. We found that the addition of an A2A resulted in a significant reduction in postoperative pain up to 24 hours. The addition of the A2A increased time to first analgesia request by 258.85 minutes (p < 0.00001). Total 24-hour analgesia consumption was analyzed qualitatively with all included studies showing a significant reduction in total analgesia requirement. Interestingly, none of the studies found an increase in side effects associated with the A2A. This study provides strong evidence for the use of A2As as a means to reduce postoperative pain post arthroscopic knee surgery, without a corresponding increase in side effects.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Enhance Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer s Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blackman ◽  
Marta Swirski ◽  
James Clynes ◽  
Sam Harding ◽  
Yue Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Suboptimal sleep causes cognitive decline and probably accelerates Alzheimer s Disease (AD) progression. Several sleep interventions have been tested in established AD dementia cases. However early intervention is needed in the course of AD at Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or mild dementia stages to help prevent decline and maintain good quality of life. This systematic review aims to summarize evidence on sleep interventions in MCI and mild AD dementia. Seven databases were systematically searched for interventional studies where greater than 75% of participants met diagnostic criteria for MCI/mild AD dementia, with a control group and validated sleep outcome measures. Studies with a majority of participants diagnosed with Moderate to Severe AD were excluded. 20164 references were returned after duplication removal. 284 full papers were reviewed with 12 retained. Included papers reported 11 separate studies, total sample (n=602), mean age 76.3 years. Nine interventions were represented: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Insomnia (CBT I), A Multi-Component Group Based Therapy, Phase Locked Loop Acoustic Stimulation, Melatonin, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Tetrahydroaminoacridine and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Psychotherapeutic approaches utilising adapted CBT-I achieved statistically significant improvements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with one study reporting co-existent improved actigraphy variables. Melatonin significantly reduced sleep latency and sleep to wakefulness transitions in a small sample. CPAP demonstrated efficacy in participants with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Evidence to support other interventions was limited. There is a paucity of evidence for sleep interventions in MCI and mild AD highlighting a pressing need for high quality experimental studies exploring alternative sleep interventions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of benefits and harms of surgical treatments for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Roselyne Choiniere ◽  
Patrick O. Richard ◽  
Melanie Morin ◽  
Le-Mai Tu ◽  
Gordon H. Guyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bulking Agents

Background: Post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) is a frequent and feared complication that can affect approximately 25% of patients. Between 1 and 10% of patients suffering from PPI will require surgery. The effectiveness of the available surgical interventions has only been compared in a few randomized controlled trials and the available reviews have important limitations regarding both benefits and harms that make them insufficient to inform decision-making. The aim of the study is to provide systematic summaries of benefits and harms of contemporary surgical treatment options for PPI through systematic review and meta-analysis using GRADE methodology and reporting in accord with the PRISMA-P statement. Methods: Studies pertaining to bulking agents, male synthetic slings, compressive balloon systems (ProACT) or artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) used for the treatment of patients suffering from PPI will be included. A systematic search will be conducted using the OVID and PubMED platforms in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, and reference lists of relevant reviews and guidelines. Trained independent reviewers will conduct study selection and data extraction. Outcomes will include the number of pads used per day, the 24-h pad weight test, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (IQOL) as possible benefits and the reoperations, the Clavien-Dindo complications and the other reported adverse events as the harms. When possible, pooled analyses will be completed. Risk of bias will be assessed using the CLARITY tools and a new tool for the before-and-after studies without a control group. Finally, study heterogeneity will be assessed, publication bias will be evaluated with funnel plots and quality of evidence rated for each outcome. Discussion: Our study will address patient-important outcomes and will be useful in clinical decision-making as well as identifying key elements for future research. Study registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018073923 05/12/2018

scholarly journals Critical shoulder angle is intrinsically associated with the development of degenerative shoulder diseases: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Stamiris ◽  
Stavros Stamiris ◽  
Kyriakos Papavasiliou ◽  
Michail Potoupnis ◽  
Eleftherios Tsiridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Critical Shoulder Angle ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Shoulder Angle

Aim of this study was to investigate the potential influence of Critical Shoulder Angle (CSA) as a predisposing factor for the development of degenerative full-thickness rotator cuff tears (DRCT) or primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (PGOA). A systematic review of the Pubmed, Scopus, Mendeley, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials online databases was performed for literature regarding CSA and its association with DRCT and PGOA. In order to evaluate solely the relationship between CSA as a predisposing factor for the development of the aforementioned degenerative shoulder diseases (DSDs), we precluded any study in which traumatic cases were not clearly excluded. Our search strategy identified 289 studies in total, nine of which were eligible for inclusion based on our pre-established criteria. Quality assessment contacted using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for case-control studies. There were a total of 998 patients with DRCT and 285 patients with PGOA. The control groups consisted of a total of 538 patients. The mean CSA ranged from 33.9° to 41.01° for the DRCT group, from 27.3° to 29.8° for the PGOA group and from 30.2° to 37.28° for the control group. All studies reported statistically significant differences between the DRCT and PGOA groups and the respective control groups. Our study results showed that there is moderate evidence in the literature supporting an intrinsic role of CSA in the development of DSDs. Level of evidence: IV. Systematic review of diagnostic studies, Level II-IV.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la superficie del esmalte luego de la descementación de brackets metálicos. Revisión sistemática / Enamel Surface Assessment after Metallic Bracket Debonding. A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (77) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Arboleda Ariza ◽  
Isaac Wasserman Milhem ◽  
Diana Katherina Reina Velosa ◽  
Ingrid Quintero Quinche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
High Level ◽  
Surface Assessment

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: A través del tiempo se han propuesto diferentes técnicas para realizar la remoción del adhesivo y resina remanentes luego de retirar los brackets, pero no existe un consenso entre los diferentes autores. Objetivo: el propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar cuál es la técnica más adecuada para evitar injuria al esmalte durante la remoción de la resina remanente después de retirados los brackets. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se basó en los lineamientos de PRISMA, Para recolectar la evidencia publicada se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en diferentes bases de datos. Resultados: Se encontraron 8 artículos con una evidencia media (> de 9) los cuales fueron considerados en esta revisión sistemática. Al parecer la remoción de resina y adhesivo remanentes con ultrasonido, fresa de carburo de tungsteno de alta velocidad y piedras blancas generan la mayor pérdida de esmalte, mientras que 6 artículos proponen la fresa de tungsteno de baja velocidad como la mejor técnica. Conclusiones: Se requieren estudios aleatorizados, con grupo control, doble-ciego y una técnica de análisis del esmalte estandarizada para poder generar un nivel de evidencia alto y dar recomendaciones más acertadas para el clínico.ABSTRACT. Background: Over time different techniques have been proposed for the removal of the remaining adhesive and resin after the removal of brackets, but there is no consensus among authors. Objective: Evaluate the most appropriate technique to prevent injury to the enamel during the removal of the remaining resin after the brackets are removed. Methods: This systematic review is based on the guidelines of PRISMA, to collect the published evidence there was a various electronic databases search. Results: There were only 8 items with medium evidence (> 9) which were considered in this systematic review. Apparently removing remaining adhesive resin with ultrasound, tungsten carbide cutter high speed and white stones generate the greatest loss of enamel, while 6 articles propose the tungsten bur at low speed as the best technique. Conclusions: Randomized studies with control group, double-blind and a standardized technique of enamel analysis are required to generate a high level of evidence and give more accurate recommendations for clinicians.

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