scholarly journals Physical Activity, Inactivity and Health During Youth—2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Alex V. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Time Specific

2016 has been an exciting year for research in physical activity, inactivity and health. Recognition of the importance of all physical behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time and sleep) across the 24-hr day continues to grow. Notable advances have included: applications of recent methodological innovations that account for the codependence of the behaviors in the finite 24-hr period showing that the balance of these behaviors is associated with health; methodological innovations focusing on the classification of behaviors and/or quantification of the 24-hr diurnal activity pattern; and a series of systematic reviews that helped provide the evidence base for the release of the innovative 24-hr movement guidelines earlier this year. This commentary focuses on just two of these papers: the first by Goldsmith and colleagues who demonstrate a new statistical method that exploits the time series nature of accelerometer data facilitating new insights into time-specific determinants of children’s activity patterns and associations with health; the second by Tremblay and colleagues who describe the evidence base for associations between each physical behavior and children’s health, the emerging evidence base for associations between the balance of behaviors and health, and development of the world’s first 24-hr movement guidelines.

scholarly journals Associations between physical activity and asthma, eczema and obesity in children aged 12–16: an observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Jago ◽  
Ruth E Salway ◽  
Andy R Ness ◽  
Julian P Hamilton Shield ◽  
Matthew J Ridd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Time Point

ObjectivesTo compare the physical activity of adolescents with three common long-term conditions (asthma, eczema and obesity) with adolescents without these conditions.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of adolescents at ages 12, 14 and 16 in a large UK cohort study.SettingThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Participants6473 adolescents with complete accelerometer data at at least one time point.MethodsMean minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time per day were derived from accelerometer-based measurements at ages 12, 14 and 16. Obesity was defined at each time point from height and weight measurements. Parents reported doctor-assessed asthma or eczema. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models examined any differences in MVPA or sedentary time for adolescents with asthma, eczema or obesity compared with those without.ResultsIn longitudinal models, boys engaged in an average of 69.7 (95% CI 67.6 to 71.7) min MVPA at age 12, declining by 3.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.6) min/year while girls’ average MVPA was 47.5 (95% CI 46.1 to 48.9) min at age 12, declining by 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.1) min/year. There was no strong evidence of differences in physical activity patterns of those with and without asthma or eczema. Obese boys engaged in 11.1 (95% CI 8.7 to 13.6) fewer minutes of MVPA, and obese girls in 5.0 (95% CI 3.3 to 6.8) fewer minutes than their non-obese counterparts. Cross-sectional models showed comparable findings.ConclusionsMean minutes of MVPA per day did not differ between adolescents with asthma or eczema and those without, but obese adolescents engaged in fewer minutes of MVPA. Findings reinforce the need for strategies to help obese adolescents be more active but suggest no need to develop bespoke physical activity strategies for adolescents with mild asthma or eczema.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Patterns After Retirement: The REGARDS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Eric Shiroma ◽  
J David Rhodes ◽  
Aleena Bennet ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Leslie MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Regards Study

Abstract Major life events, such as retirement, may lead to dramatic shifts in physical activity (PA) patterns. However, there are limited empirical data quantifying the magnitude of these changes. Our aims were to objectively measure PA before and after retirement and to describe changes in participation in various types of PA. Participants were employed black and white men and women enrolled in REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), a national prospective cohort study (n=581, mean age 64 years, 25% black, 51% women). Participants met inclusion criteria if they retired between their first and second accelerometer wearing (2009-2013 and 2017-2018, respectively) and had valid accelerometer data (>4 days with >10 hours/day pre- and post-retirement). Accelerometer-based PA was categorized into average minutes per day spent in sedentary, light-intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. Participants reported changes (less, same, more) in 12 types of PA. After retirement, participants decreased both sedentary time (by 36.3 minutes/day) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (by 5.6 minutes/day). Conversely, there was an increase in light-intensity PA (+18.1 minutes/day) after retirement. Participants reported changes in their participation level in various PA activities. For example, 41% reported an increased amount of TV viewing, 42% reported less walking, and 31% reported increased participation in volunteer activities. Findings indicate that retirement coincides with a change in the time spent in each intensity category and the time spent across a range of activity types. Further research is warranted to examine how these changes in physical activity patterns influence post-retirement health status.

scholarly journals Children and Adolescents Treated for Valvular Aortic Stenosis Have Different Physical Activity Patterns Compared to Healthy Controls: A Methodological Study in a National Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Skovdahl ◽  
Cecilia Kjellberg Olofsson ◽  
Jan Sunnegårdh ◽  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Valvular Aortic Stenosis

AbstractPrevious research in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects presents contradictory findings concerning their physical activity (PA) level, due to methodological limitations in the PA assessment. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to compare PA in children and adolescents treated for valvular aortic stenosis with healthy controls using an improved accelerometer method. Seven-day accelerometer data were collected from the hip in a national Swedish sample of 46 patients 6–18 years old treated for valvular aortic stenosis and 44 healthy controls matched for age, gender, geography, and measurement period. Sports participation was self-reported. Accelerometer data were processed with the new improved Frequency Extended Method and with the traditional ActiGraph method for comparison. A high-resolution PA intensity spectrum was investigated as well as traditional crude PA intensity categories. Children treated for aortic stenosis had a pattern of less PA in the highest intensity spectra and had more sedentary time, while the adolescent patients tended to be less physically active in higher intensities overall and with less sedentary time, compared to the controls. These patterns were evident using the Frequency Extended Method with the detailed PA intensity spectrum, but not to the same degree using the ActiGraph method and traditional crude PA intensity categories. Patients reported less sports participation than their controls in both age-groups. Specific differences in PA patterns were revealed using the Frequency Extended Method with the high-resolution PA intensity spectrum in Swedish children and adolescents treated for valvular aortic stenosis.

Classification and Processing of 24-Hour Wrist Accelerometer Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pulakka ◽  
Eric J. Shiroma ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Activity Measures

Background: An important step in accelerometer data analysis is the classification of continuous, 24-hour data into sleep, wake, and non-wear time. We compared classification times and physical activity metrics across different data processing and classification methods.Methods: Participants (n = 576) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA) wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven days and nights and filled in daily logs with sleep and waking times. Accelerometer data were first classified as sleep or wake time by log, and Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms. Then, wake periods were classified as wear or non-wear by log, Choi algorithm, and wear sensor. We compared time classification (sleep, wake, and wake wear time) as well as physical activity measures (total activity volume and sedentary time) across these classification methods.Results:M(SD) nightly sleep time was 467 (49) minutes by log and 419 (88), 522 (86), and 453 (74) minutes by Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms, respectively. Wake wear time did not differ substantially when comparing Choi algorithm and the log. The wear sensor did not work properly in about 29% of the participants. Daily sedentary time varied by 8–81 minutes after excluding sleep by different methods and by 1–18 minutes after excluding non-wear time by different methods. Total activity volume did not substantially differ across the methods.Conclusion: The differences in wear and sedentary time were larger than differences in total activity volume. Methods for defining sleep periods had larger impact on outcomes than methods for defining wear time.

scholarly journals It’s A-bout Time: Detailed Patterns of Physical Activity in Obese Adolescents Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1453-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Kaye Howie ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
Joanne A. McVeigh ◽  
Rebecca A. Abbott ◽  
Leon Straker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Exposure Variation Analysis

Background:The detailed patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors of overweight and obese adolescents are unknown, but may be important for health outcomes and targeted intervention design.Methods:Participants completed Curtin University’s Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP), an 8-week intervention with 12 months of maintenance intervention. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed at 6 time periods with accelerometers and were analyzed by 1) time and type of day, 2) intensity bout patterns using exposure variation analysis, and 3) individual case analysis.Results:Participants (n = 56) spent a lower percentage of time at baseline in light activity during school days compared with weekend days (24.4% vs 29.0%, P = .004). The majority of time was in long uninterrupted sedentary bouts of greater than 30 minutes (26.7% of total time, 36.8% of sedentary time at baseline). Moderate activity was accumulated in short bouts of less than 5 minutes (3.1% of total time, 76.0% moderate time). Changes varied by individuals.Conclusions:Exposure variation analysis revealed specific changes in activity patterns in overweight and obese adolescents who participated in a lifestyle intervention. A better understanding of these patterns can help to design interventions that meaningfully affect specific behaviors, with unique health consequences.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns in Taiwanese Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yi Wang ◽  
Yu-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yung Liao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
After School ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Time ◽  
Sedentary Bouts

Levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents seem to vary within different settings, but few Asian studies have compared physical activity and sedentary activity patterns in adolescents across weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. This study aimed to provide objectively measured data describing intensity-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in Taiwanese adolescents. The results were sorted by gender and divided between weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. A total of 470 Taiwanese students (49.6% boys, ages 12–15 y) were recruited and fitted with GT3X+ accelerometers for seven days. Intensity-specific physical activity, total sedentary time, and sedentary bouts (number and duration ≥30 min) were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the significant differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns between the genders on weekdays/weekends and during school/after-school time. The results show that the adolescents’ overall activity levels were below recommended thresholds, with girls engaging in significantly less moderate to vigorous physical activity, having longer sedentary time, longer time spent in sedentary bouts, and more frequent sedentary bouts than boys. Similar results were observed in physical activities of each intensity as well as sedentary behavior variables, both on weekdays/weekends and during-school/after-school periods. These findings emphasize the importance of developing and implementing approaches to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as decrease prolonged sedentary time and long sedentary bouts, especially for Taiwanese girls.

Spatial Classification of Youth Physical Activity Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. e87-e96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Rainham ◽  
Christopher J. Bates ◽  
Chris M. Blanchard ◽  
Trevor J. Dummer ◽  
Sara F. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Spatial Classification ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Youth Physical Activity

scholarly journals Accelerometer-measured habitual physical activity and sedentary time in pediatric concussion: A controlled cohort study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Carol DeMatteo ◽  
Michael D Noseworthy ◽  
Brian W Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Concussion

Objectives: To characterize and quantify differences in accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time between children with concussion (within the first month of injury) and 1:1 matched healthy controls. Methods: Secondary analysis of accelerometer data collected on 60 children with concussion and 60 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and season of accelerometer wear. Daily and hourly sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were compared between groups per independent samples t-tests. Results: Children with concussion (12.74 ± 2.85 years, 31 females) were significantly more sedentary than controls (12.43 ± 2.71 years, 31 females; mean difference [MD], 38.3 minutes/day, p=0.006), and spent less time performing LPA (MD, -19.5 minutes/day, p=0.008), MPA (MD, -9.8 minutes/day, p<0.001), and VPA(MD, -12.0 minutes/day, p<0.001); hour-by-hour analyses showed that these differences were observed from 8:00AM to 9:00PM. Sex-specific analyses identified that girls with concussion were less active and more sedentary than both boys with concussion (MD, 50.8 minutes/day; p=0.010) and healthy girls (MD, 51.1 minutes/day; p<0.010). Days post-injury significantly predicted MPA (β=0.071, p=0.032) and VPA (β=0.095, p=0.004), but not LPA or sedentariness in children with concussion. Conclusion: Clinical management should continue to advise against prolonged rest following pediatric concussion, given the activity debt observed within the first-month of injury. Currently, clinical management of concussion is shifting towards prescribing a single bout of daily sub-maximal aerobic exercise. Interventions aimed at reducing overall sedentary time and increasing habitual physical activity in pediatric concussion also warrant study.

scholarly journals Diurnal profiles of physical activity and postures derived from wrist-worn accelerometry in UK adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo ◽  
Thomas White ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Katrien Wijndaele ◽  
Nicholas J. Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Gravity Acceleration

ABSTRACTBackgroundWrist-worn accelerometry is the commonest objective method for measuring physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies. Research-grade devices capture raw triaxial acceleration which, in addition to quantifying movement, facilitates assessment of orientation relative to gravity. No population-based study has yet described the interrelationship and variation of these features by time and personal characteristics.Methods2043 UK adults (35-65years) wore an accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist and a chest-mounted combined heart-rate-and-movement sensor for 7days free-living. From raw (60Hz) wrist acceleration, we derived movement (non-gravity acceleration) and pitch and roll (arm) angles relative to gravity. We inferred physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) from combined sensing and sedentary time from approximate horizontal arm-angle coupled with low movement.ResultsMovement differences by time-of-day and day-of-week were associated with arm-angles; more movement in downward arm-positions. Mean(SD) movement was similar between sexes ∼31(42)mg, despite higher PAEE in men, 53(22) vs 48(19)J·min-1·kg-1. Women spent longer with the arm pitched >0° (53% vs 36%) and less time at <0° (37% vs 53%). Diurnal pitch was 2.5-5° above and 0-7.5° below horizontal during night and daytime, respectively; corresponding roll angles were ∼0° and ∼20° (thumb-up). Differences were more pronounced in younger participants. All diurnal profiles indicated later wake-times on weekends. Daytime pitch was closer to horizontal on weekdays; roll was similar. Sedentary time was higher (17 vs 15hours/day) in obese vs normal-weight individuals.ConclusionsMore movement occurred in arm positions below horizontal, commensurate with activities including walking. Findings suggest time-specific population differences in behaviours by age, sex, and BMI.

scholarly journals 504Patterns of physical activity and sedentary time: Changes and tracking from early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Downing ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Alison Carver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Background Little is known about how activity patterns change throughout childhood. This study examined changes and tracking of total volume and bouts of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) from early to late childhood. Methods Volume and bouts of SED and light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA) were assessed by accelerometry at 3-5y (n = 758), 6-8y (n = 473) and 9-11y (n = 478). Mixed models examined changes and generalized estimating equations assessed tracking (β &lt; 0.3=weak, 0.3-0.6=moderate, &gt;0.6=strong), stratified by sex and controlling for baseline age and time between measurements. Results Patterns of SED increased and LPA decreased for both sexes. Total volume of MPA decreased for girls, but time in ≥ 1-min bouts increased for both sexes. Total volume of VPA increased for both sexes, with time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increasing for boys. All volume and bout variables tracked moderately for boys, except SED bouts ≥15-min, LPA bouts ≥5-min and MPA bouts ≥1-min which tracked weakly. For girls, total SED and bouts ≥1-min tracked strongly, while total volume of LPA, MPA and VPA, ≥5- and ≥10-min SED bouts, and ≥1-min LPA and MPA bouts tracked moderately. Conclusions Activity patterns changed from early to late childhood, with total volumes and short bouts of PA and SED tracking more strongly than longer bouts. Although MVPA increased slightly, total volume and bouts of SED increased considerably more and, of concern, replaced LPA. Key messages Interventions are needed to ensure that young children establish and maintain healthy PA and SED levels from a young age.

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