Not So Black and White: A Multi-Divisional Exploratory Analysis of Male Student-Athletes’ Experiences at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Cooper ◽  
Tiffany J. Davis ◽  
Shaun Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Racial Lines

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and quality of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) male student-athletes’ college experiences across race, sport, and divisional classifications. In recent years, the NCAA and its member institutions have faced intense scrutiny regarding the purpose of intercollegiate athletics within their educational missions. Additional concerns have been levied at the NCAA for persistent academic performance gaps along gender and racial lines across all divisions. However, limited research has engaged in multidivisional analyses of male student-athletes across racial groups and sport types. Using data from the 2006 NCAA GOALS study viewed through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the current study examined differences in male student-athletes’ experiences across racial groups, type of sport involvement, and divisional classifications. Key findings indicated salient differences between the social experiences across divisional and sport type classifications as well as significant differences between the academic experiences of Black and non-Black male student-athletes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.Le but de cette étude était d’examiner la nature et la qualité des expériences scolaires des étudiants-athlètes masculins de la National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) en fonction de la race, du sport et la division de pratique. Récemment, la NCAA et ses institutions membres ont dû faire face à un examen minutieux concernant l’adéquation du sport interuniversitaire avec leurs missions éducatives. Des inquiétudes additionnelles ont été exprimées par la NCAA par rapport à la persistance des écarts en termes de réussite académique en fonction du sexe et de la race dans l’ensemble des divisions. Cependant, rares sont les travaux ayant proposé des analyses multidivisionnelles sur les étudiants-athlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux et des types de sports. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’étude NCAA GOALS de 2006, et au prisme de la théorie des systèmes écologiques de Bronfenbrenner, la présente étude a examiné les différences entre les expériences des étudiantsathlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux, du type d’investissement sportif et de la division de pratique. Les principaux résultats montrent des différences saillantes entre les expériences sociales en fonction du type de sport et du niveau de pratique mais aussi des différences significatives entre les expériences académiques des étudiants noirs et non-noirs. Les implications politiques et pratiques sont discutées.

Race, Sport, and Sociocognitive “Place” in Higher Education: Black Male Student-Athletes as Critical Theorists

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketra L. Armstrong ◽  
Michael A. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Black Male Student ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research was to further examine the juxtaposition of race, sport, and higher education. It utilized an existential-phenomenological approach to obtain data from a purposeful case selection of three Black male student-athletes enrolled in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate football program. Through the lenses of social-cognitive theory and critical race theory, the results elucidated (a) the impact of race as a psychological, cultural, and social anchor of “place” for Black male student-athletes on a predominantly White college/university campus, and (b) race intersectionality with age, gender, social class, and environment to influence their educational experience. The contributions of Black male student-athletes as critical theorists are highlighted, and a model depicting the relationships between race, sport, and the sociocognitive “place” of Black males in higher education as articulated by the participants is presented.

Moderating Effects of Gender Among Collegiate Student-Athletes Receiving a Novel Peer Concussion Education Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 109019812097712
Author(s):  
Meredith Kneavel ◽  
William Ernst ◽  
Kevin McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Concussion Education

Background More than 460,000 female and male student-athletes compete in college sports each year, with 5.5 concussions reported per 1,000 athlete exposures. The majority of these concussions occurred during competition and are somewhat more likely to be reported by female athletes. Aims To evaluate moderating effects of gender differences in response to a Peer Concussion Education Program (PCEP). Method A total of 1,100 male and 511 female student-athletes from 60 teams (30 experimental, 30 control) representing all National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions from high-concussive sports participated before, postintervention, and 1-month following the intervention. Participants completed assessments of symptom and return-to-play knowledge, reporting behavior, and reporting attitudes. Results The PCEP was more effective than control on all measures, females in the PCEP showed significantly greater changes than males in return to play knowledge, intention to report self and teammate, and indirect attitudes for self and teammate. PCEP females were more likely to discuss concussions with athletic trainers, peers, and teammates. In addition, females had a higher likelihood of reporting their own suspected concussion. Discussion Females had greater rates of change in understanding of some key components of the PCEP. Conclusion These findings suggest that females may learn differently in a peer environment and have different attitudes toward reporting and safety when consideration is given to the well-being of others.

Sex Differences in the Clinical Incidence of Concussions, Missed School Days, and Time Loss in High School Student-Athletes: Part 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail C. Bretzin ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Meghan E. Fox ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Jennifer L. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Surveillance System

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) injury rates are well established in collegiate athletics through epidemiological studies using the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System. However, few studies have examined sex differences, time loss, and missed school days in high school athletes, especially at the state level. Purpose: To identify sex differences in the clinical incidence of SRCs, missed school days, and time loss in high school student-athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A total of 193,757 (116,434 male and 77,323 female) student-athletes (10th grade ± 1.1) participating in Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA)–sponsored athletic activities were recorded in the Head Injury Reporting System. Certified athletic trainers, school athletic administrators, and coaches from MHSAA high schools reported SRC data and overall participation for the 2015-2016 academic year. Total concussive injuries, as well as missed school days and time loss for each concussive injury, were reported. The clinical incidence was calculated by dividing the number of SRCs in a particular category by the number of participants in that category and presented with 95% CIs. Relative risk ratios (RRs) were determined for sex-comparable sports. Results: The overall clinical incidence for all sports was 1.7 per 100 player-seasons (95% CI, 1.6-1.8) and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.0) for male sports and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.6) for female sports. Female athletes were at a 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.2) times greater risk for enduring SRCs than male athletes in sex-comparable sports, with a greater risk in baseball/softball (RR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.9-3.8]), basketball (RR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.1-2.9]), and soccer (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4-1.9]). Female student-athletes had significantly longer time loss than male student-athletes ( P < .001). The mean number of missed school days did not differ between sexes ( P = .70). Conclusion: High school female student-athletes have a higher risk for an SRC in all sex-comparable sports except lacrosse. This may be because of biomechanical differences of the head-neck segment, hormonal differences, and the fact that female athletes are more likely to report symptoms after a suspected SRC. Clinical Relevance: Despite sex differences in the clinical incidence of SRCs and time loss from participation in high school sports, the numbers of missed school days are relatively similar between sexes.

scholarly journals ¿Por qué jugar? Sport socialization among Hispanic/Latina female NCAA division I student-athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Darvin ◽  
Alicia Cintron ◽  
Meg Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Potential Factors

Representation of Hispanics/Latinas in intercollegiate athletics is lacking. During the 2014-2015 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic season, only 2.2 percent of all female Division I student-athlete’s identified as Hispanic or Latina (NCAA, 2015). This low percentage of Hispanic/Latina female participants calls into question how these young women become involved in athletics and sustain their involvement within sport. While previous research has examined the socialization processes of youth athletes and parents of youth athlete participants, there is little research aimed at examining these processes for elite-level athlete participants (Dorsch, Smith, & McDonough, 2015; Greendorfer, Blinde, & Pellegrini, 1986;). Thus, the aim of this current study was to examine the potential factors that may have contributed to consistent sport participation for an elite group of Hispanic/Latina female athletes throughout their youth and collegiate careers. Participants for this study identified as current NCAA Division I Hispanic/Latina female student-athletes. Results showed that family, specifically parents and siblings, contributed to socializing Hispanic/Latina athletes into sport, while family and coaches contributed to the persistence of their athletic endeavors. Findings also show a sense of cultural indifference, youth coaches who invested in the participants long-term, and a significant involvement of the patriarch of the family in their athletic success.

Successfully Navigating Life Transitions Among African American Male Student-Athletes: A Review and Examination of Constellation Mentoring as a Promising Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren D. Kelly ◽  
Marlene A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Male ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Organizational Transition

Despite excellent performance on the field and years of academic and social attention, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I African American male student-athletes continue to struggle to have an optimal and well-rounded college experience at predominantly White institutions of higher education. In particular, the first 2 years of college represent a difficult period during which this group would benefit from new ideas to support their multiple transitions. Mentoring, and more specifically constellation mentoring, provides great promise for aiding in the transition and success of this group (Kram, 1985). Mentoring, like other organizational transition management tools, focuses on helping people navigate a transition into a new setting (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2010). However, constellation mentoring can be simultaneously broad (in terms of range of needs addressed) and specifically tailored to individual needs. This study seeks to establish a framework for how mentoring may provide a valuable tool for addressing the needs of African American male student-athletes as they transition into the college sport, social, and academic atmosphere.

Examining the Intersection of Race and Athletics for Latino Male Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
pp. 153819271987609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
College Athletics ◽  
Male Student ◽  
College Experiences ◽  
Division I ◽  
Latino Male

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) serves as the primary governing organization for college athletics. The NCAA is now responsible for representing a growing proportion of student-athletes who identify as Latinos. This study examined the experiences of Division I Latino male student-athletes. Questionnaires and interviews were used to understand how race and athletics shape their college experiences. Findings revealed the following three themes: racial remarks, peer stigmas, and cultural obligations.

College Student Athletes and Social Media: The Psychological Impacts of Twitter Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. David ◽  
Matthew D. Powless ◽  
Jacqueline E. Hyman ◽  
DeJon M. Purnell ◽  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
College Student ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Consensual Qualitative Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Psychological Impacts ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
College Student Athletes

Twitter, the popular social-media platform, is a staple in intercollegiate athletics. Although it is often regarded merely as a pastime, Twitter boasts advantages and disadvantages to college student athletes and their programs. This is primarily due to the nature of interactions and exchanges that take place between student athletes and the general public, be they fans, critics, or somewhere in between. Using a semistructured protocol, the researchers conducted a 75-min focus-group interview with 7 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student athletes to examine the psychological impacts of Twitter use. A modified version of consensual qualitative research was used for data analysis. Results indicated that student athletes were heavily influenced and affected by Twitter use across various domains in their lives. Participants reflected on both advantages (e.g., avenue for advocacy and moral support and promoting team cohesion) and disadvantages (e.g., receipt of critical tweets and detrimental performance implications) of using the microblogging platform, thereby corroborating extant literature and providing a more balanced perspective of Twitter’s resulting impact. The researchers explicated practical implications including improved social-media training and the development of best practices to support student athletes in their responsible use of Twitter. Further research is necessary to better understand the differences in experiences of student athletes competing in revenue-generating sports compared with those competing in non-revenue-generating sports.

scholarly journals A Multidimensional View of Faculty Perceptions of Organizational Change at a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Power 5 Institution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cherese F. Fine ◽  
Joseph N. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Division I ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Eligibility Standards ◽  
Division I Football

The structure of big-time intercollegiate athletics has evolved significantly since its inception in the late 19th century. Changes have included the establishment of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), competition rules, academic eligibility standards, amateurism bylaws, and exorbitant revenues and salaries for athletic departments and their respective staffs. One prominent group that has been vocal against the increased commercialization of intercollegiate athletics are faculty. Although, previous research has examined the establishment of faculty-led reform groups, there is a dearth of scholarly literature on faculty perceptions of institutional morphing at the exo- and meso-levels. As such, the purpose of this study was to engage in a multidimensional exploration of faculty perceptions of organizational change at a Division I big-time institution. A phenomenological case study approach including in-depth individual interviews with faculty members offered rich insights into the complexity of and challenges associated with organizational change including both benefits and detriments. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Gambling Disorder in the College Student-Athlete Population: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E Nowak, Jr
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Negative Consequences

This review examines research from 1991 to the present regarding college student-athlete gambling addiction and disorder issues, with an emphasis on prevalence rates, motivations, and comorbid disorders, as well as National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) national studies and derivative research. Subsets of the college student-athlete population, specifically minority athletes, are also examined. Databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and Dissertation Abstracts International (ProQuest), were searched for possible contributions to this review. It was determined that student-athletes, and male student-athletes in particular, are vulnerable to disordered gambling problems, which, if university administration and athletic departments do not address, may result in severe negative consequences for the student-athlete. The research suggests that, for the most part, student-athletes have a higher rate of pathological gambling than non-athletes, though the rate of “normal” gambling behavior is about the same. Additionally, it appears that athletes in certain high profile team sports (football, basketball, etc.), as well as athletes belonging to a minority group, are more likely to report problems with gambling than their counterparts. Recommendations for working with student-athletes with a gambling disorder, as well as directions for future research in this burgeoning area, are offered. These proposals include screening for the disorder by mental health professionals and counsellors, as well as training for coaches and financial aid personnel.Résumé Cette étude fait l’examen de la recherche effectuée de 1991 à nos jours sur les problèmes de dépendance et de désordre chez les étudiants-athlètes, en mettant l’accent sur les taux de prévalence, les motivations et les troubles concomitants, ainsi que les études nationales de la National Collegiate Athletic Association et des travaux de recherche dérivés. Des sous-ensembles de la population d’étudiants-athlètes universitaires, en particulier des athlètes faisant partie de minorités, sont également sousmis à l’étude. Des recherches ont été faites dans les bases de données PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE et Dissertation Abstracts International (ProQuest) pour trouver d’éventuelles contributions à la présente étude. On a établi que les étudiants-athlètes, masculins en particulier, sont vulnérables aux problèmes de jeu compulsifs, et s’ils ne sont pas pris en main par l’administration universitaire et les départements sportifs, ces troubles peuvent avoir de graves conséquences pour eux. La recherche laisse entendre que, pour la plupart, les étudiants-athlètes ont un taux de jeu pathologique plus élevé que les non-athlètes, bien que le taux de jeu « normal » soit à peu près le même. De plus, il semble que les athlètes de certains sports d’équipe de haut niveau (football, basketball, etc.), ainsi que les athlètes appartenant à un groupe minoritaire, sont plus susceptibles de montrer des problèmes de jeu que leurs homologues. Des recommandations sont faites pour travailler avec des étudiants-athlètes ayant un trouble du jeu, ainsi que des orientations pour de futures recherches dans ce domaine en progression. Ces propositions comprennent le dépistage du trouble par des professionnels de la santé mentale et des conseillers, ainsi que la formation des entraîneurs et du personnel de l’aide financière.

scholarly journals Entrando en el juego: The Role of Hispanic-Serving Institutions in Fostering Educational and Athletic Outcomes for Latinx Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Nikola Grafnetterova ◽  
Jocelyn A. Gutierrez ◽  
Rosa M. Banda
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Hispanic Serving Institutions ◽  
Hispanic Serving

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) enroll the majority of Latinx undergraduate students and constitute the second-largest institutional type in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (D1). Yet, little is known about the role intercollegiate athletics play in fostering educational outcomes for Latinx students at HSIs. Under the guise of Latinx critical race theory, this qualitative study examined how HSIs operate both the federal designation and NCAA D1 membership in relation to athletic participation and completion outcomes for Latinx student-athletes. Document analysis was utilized to disaggregate data from various reports to identify the HSI-D1 institutions and their Latinx athletes’ participation, and graduation rates. These findings were then compared to the overall NCAA D1 averages. Among the findings, Latinx student-athletes graduated at higher rates than non-athletes from the HSI-D1s. However, as an aggregate, these institutions had below average graduation rates of Latinx students and student-athletes in comparison to the national rates across NCAA D1 membership. Furthermore, HSI-D1s provided limited athletic participation opportunities for Latinx athletes. The study concluded with the implications of findings and recommendations for future studies.

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