The Sport Participation–Social Class Relationship among a Selected Sample of Female Adolescents

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Hasbrook
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Relationship

This study proposed and tested a theoretical explanation of how social class background influences sport participation. Two theoretical constructs of social class were operationalized within the context of sport participation and tested to determine how well they explained the social class-sport participation link: life chances/economic opportunity set (the distribution of material goods and services), and life-styles/social psychological opportunity set (values, beliefs, and practices). Life chances consisted of the availability and usage of sport equipment, facilities or club memberships, and instruction. Life-styles consisted of selected parental achievement and gender role expectations that encourage, fail to encourage, or discourage sport participation. Social class background was determined by father’s occupation as ranked in the Duncan Socioeconomic Index. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a stratified random sample of high school students, with some questionnaires eliminated to control for cultural and/or racial differences and variation in parental influence. The construct validity of the instrument was supported by factor analytic results. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was r = .956. Partial correlation analyses revealed that while individual life chances/economic opportunity set variables explained a greater portion of the relationship between sport participation and social class background than did the individual variables of life-styles/social psychological opportunity set, a combination of all three economic opportunity set variables and two social-psychological opportunity set variables accounted for more than 50% of the relationship between sport and class.

The Relationship between Parental Social Class and Endorsement of Items on the Protestant Ethic and Conservatism Scales

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Virginia Gonsalves ◽  
Godwin Anthony Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethic Scale

The influence of family background, especially parental social class on offsprings' value orientations has led to much debate. The correlations between parental social class and endorsement of the Mirels and Garrett Protestant Ethic Scale and Wilson and Patterson's Conservatism Scale for a sample of 108 undergraduates were significant between lower-class background and endorsement on both scales.

Life-Styles and Aging: The Hungarian Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Szabó Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
The Individual

This paper is an analysis of the presence and the consequences of ageism and sexism in contemporary sport relative to Hungarian women. The major purposes are: (1) to consider some theoretical concerns about research on physical activity in the later years; (2) to examine how the double disadvantage of being old and female influences life-styles in connection with sport; (3) to review research relative to how and why sport is or is not an integral part of life-style of the 50+ age group of women in Hungary; (4) to present results of research carried out recently in Hungary on elderly people’s sport participation and their judgments of their own physical activity. Findings from a variety of studies were discussed, including 1987 and 1997 studies of the Budapest older population. Interview and questionnaire techniques were used to collect data relative to participation and interpretation of sport and physical activity. According to the findings, of the 1997 study, only 19% of women over 70 reported their health as satisfactory, compared with 5.6 % of the men. Lasting diseases were more frequent among women than among men (42.3 % versus 34.1 %). 38.8 % of females and 27.8 % of males aged 70-74 years cannot walk a distance of 2 kilometers; 47.1 % of females and 31.8 % of males in the same age groups are not able to ascend 10 stairsteps without taking a rest. Approximately 5 % of males over 60 and approximately 4% of females over 55 were physically active. It appears to the great majority of Hungarian older women that they are losers of the recent system change: because of growing poverty their life-chances have been worsening, their opportunities for choosing the components of their life-styles-including physical activity have narrowed and social distances within and between the individual age cohorts have increased, including sport participation. There is a need for rethinking attitudes and for increasing awareness of how physical fitness could keep Hungarians in all ages healthier, more independent and more optimistic.

scholarly journals Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8083
Author(s):  
Liqin Zhang ◽  
Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychological Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
Subjective Social Class ◽  
The Relationship

Depression has become a major social issue of global concern, which has seriously threatened the quality of an individual’s life. Although the relationship between community environment and depression has aroused heated debate, the empirical research on the relationship between community environment perception and public depression is still relatively insufficient. Data for this study are from China Family Panel Studies in 2016, which were conducted by the institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University. This paper has tested group differences in the influence of community environment on public depression, as well as the mediating role of subjective social class between community environment perception and depression, so as to further explore the social psychological effect of community environment. The empirical study found that there are group differences in the impacts of community environment perception on depression. Specifically, men, rural residents, and people aged 60 and under are more likely to be depressed which were affected by the perception of community environment. Furthermore, we have found that the subjective social class can partly mediate community environment perception and depression. That is to say, the perception of community environment can induce depression by influencing the individual’s subjective social class. Among them, community living environment and community public facilities have the greatest impact, community emotional attachment and community security situation have the second impact, and neighborhood mutual aid and neighborhood relationship have the least impact. In other words, the community environment is deeply endowed with a social psychological effect. To ameliorate the public’s depression, it is necessary to consider the construction of community physical environment and the cultivation of harmonious community culture as powerful measures not to be ignored. In short, the important role of community environmental intervention in alleviating the public’s depression caused by social class cognition deserves attention.

The Sport Participation–Social Class Relationship: Some Recent Youth Sport Participation Data

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Hasbrook
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Youth Sport Participation

While there appears to be valid evidence to support the notion that sport participation is related to social class, such a relationship has not been clearly and directly demonstrated to exist among youth. Consequently, data from two studies that specifically investigated the potential relationship between formal youth sport participation and social class background are reported. The findings indicate that regardless of social class background, male youth participate in sport to an equal extent whereas female youth from lower social class backgrounds tend to participate in sport to a lesser degree than do their upper-class counterparts. Several explanations for these somewhat unexpected findings are offered, including the possibility of a diminishing relationship between sport participation and social class background. The multiple hierarchy notion of stratification is offered as a theoretical model in which to couch the major finding that sport participation appears to be stratified along social class lines among female youth but not among male youth.

scholarly journals The relationship between social class and health: Their "social-psychological-physiological" mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Hu ◽  
Shenlong Yang ◽  
Qi Zhong ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Relationship

Determinant Factors of Student's Perception Toward Educational Loan Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaika Zolkeplee ◽  
Abu Bakar Hamed ◽  
Ahamad Faosiy Ogunbado
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Education Fund ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universiti Utara Malaysia ◽  
Survey Approach

The issue of unpayable educational loan that lead to student’s defaults has become a worrying trend all over the world. This research aims to examine the relationship of anxiety, parental influence, media awareness, and religiosity on student’s perception on educational loan repayment. A survey approach has been adopted to investigate student’s perception on educational loan repayment in Universiti Utara Malaysia. The data for this study were collected via structured questionnaires which were completed by 359 undergraduate Muslim’s students who acquire their financial loan from National Higher Education Fund Corporation (NHEFC). The data were then quantitatively analyzed using SPSS program. The findings of Pearson’s correlation showed a positive correlation between student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and religiosity, parental influence, media awareness, and anxiety. Further analysis using a multiple regression indicated that all independent variables explained 32.9 per cent of student’s perception on educational loan repayment. The result again indicated that religiosity and parent’s influence are most influential factors on student’s perception towards educational loan repayment. Whilst, media awareness slightly contributed to student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and anxiety gave no impact. The result implied that the Ministry of Education may design the syllabus in school and university curricular by adding the value of responsibility in loan repayment especially in religious and moral subjects. Besides, the Ministry Education of Malaysia are also urged to use media to disseminate the information regarding the importance for students to make loan repayment to parents as well as students. The collection of student loan then can be used for the next generation in financing their study which could result the prosperity of nation.

Social class and envy among Chinese undergraduates: Victim justice sensitivity as a mediator

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
You-Juan Hong ◽  
Rong-Mao Lin ◽  
Rong Lian
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Justice Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Subjective Social Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

We examined the relationship between social class and envy, and the role of victim justice sensitivity in this relationship among a group of 1,405 Chinese undergraduates. The students completed measures of subjective social class, victim justice sensitivity, and dispositional envy. The results show that a lower social class was significantly and negatively related to envy and victim justice sensitivity, whereas victim justice sensitivity was significantly and positively related to envy. As predicted, a lower social class was very closely correlated with envy. In addition, individuals with a lower (vs. higher) social class had a greater tendency toward victim justice sensitivity, which, in turn, increased their envy. Overall, our results advance scholarly research on the psychology of social hierarchy by clarifying the relationship between social class and the negative emotion of envy.

scholarly journals Does Respect Foster Tolerance? (Re)analyzing and Synthesizing Data From a Large Research Project Using Meta-Analytic Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110244
Author(s):  
Steffen Zitzmann ◽  
Lukas Loreth ◽  
Klaus Michael Reininger ◽  
Bernd Simon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Research ◽  
Existing Data

Our own prior research has demonstrated that respect for disapproved others predicts and might foster tolerance toward them. This means that without giving up their disapproval of others’ way of life, people can tolerate others when they respect them as equals (outgroup respect–tolerance hypothesis). Still, there was considerable variation in the study features. Moreover, the studies are part of a larger research project that affords many additional tests of our hypothesis. To achieve integration along with a more robust understanding of the relation between respect and tolerance, we (re)analyzed all existing data from this project, and we synthesized the results with the help of meta-analytic techniques. The average standardized regression coefficient, which describes the relationship between respect and tolerance, was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 0.34]). In addition to this overall confirmation of our hypothesis, the size of this coefficient varied with a number of variables. It was larger for numerical majorities than for minorities, smaller for high-status than for low-status groups, and larger for religious than for life-style groups. These findings should inspire further theory development and spur growth in the social-psychological literature on tolerance.

Relationship between Personal Prayer and School-Related Attitudes among 11–16-Year-Old Girls

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Montgomery ◽  
Leslie J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
English Music ◽  
Attitude Toward School ◽  
Catholic Secondary School ◽  
Personal Prayer ◽  
The Relationship

A sample of 392 girls between the ages of 11 and 16 years attending a state-maintained single-sex Catholic secondary school completed six semantic differential scales of attitudes toward school and toward lessons concerned with English, music, religion, mathematics, and sports, together with information about paternal employment and their personal practice of prayer. The relationship between personal prayer and attitude toward school after controlling for age and social class was positive.

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