scholarly journals Does Respect Foster Tolerance? (Re)analyzing and Synthesizing Data From a Large Research Project Using Meta-Analytic Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110244
Author(s):  
Steffen Zitzmann ◽  
Lukas Loreth ◽  
Klaus Michael Reininger ◽  
Bernd Simon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Research ◽  
Existing Data

Our own prior research has demonstrated that respect for disapproved others predicts and might foster tolerance toward them. This means that without giving up their disapproval of others’ way of life, people can tolerate others when they respect them as equals (outgroup respect–tolerance hypothesis). Still, there was considerable variation in the study features. Moreover, the studies are part of a larger research project that affords many additional tests of our hypothesis. To achieve integration along with a more robust understanding of the relation between respect and tolerance, we (re)analyzed all existing data from this project, and we synthesized the results with the help of meta-analytic techniques. The average standardized regression coefficient, which describes the relationship between respect and tolerance, was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 0.34]). In addition to this overall confirmation of our hypothesis, the size of this coefficient varied with a number of variables. It was larger for numerical majorities than for minorities, smaller for high-status than for low-status groups, and larger for religious than for life-style groups. These findings should inspire further theory development and spur growth in the social-psychological literature on tolerance.

Peer Status in Research on Locus of Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Marcia D. Horne ◽  
Constance J. Seidner ◽  
Stefan J. Harasymiw
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the mediating effects of peer status on the relationship between Intellectual Achievement Responsibility and the academic performance of 79 sixth grade students in an open-space school. When peer status was specified, a negative association was noted between achievement responsibility and academic ability for students of high status, but a positive one for students of low status. No association between achievement responsibility and ability was observed for students with medium peer status. Operation of internal achievement motivation may be influenced by the social psychological environment of the individual.

scholarly journals The contribution of cognitive anthropolinguistics to educational linguistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
José Manuel Martín Morillas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Educational Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pedagogical Grammar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Linguistics

In this paper it is argued that, despite the welcome psycho-social emphasis in educational linguistic theories witnessed in recent decades, and with it, a rapprochement of the social sciences to the psychological sciences, the relationship between these fields has not gone far enough. The actual challenge is a move towards the unification of the social, psychological and language sciences (anthropology and sociology; cognitive science; and linguistics). A step in this interdisciplinary direction is offered by the discipline called 'cognitive anthropolinguistics', and its central concept of 'cultural cognition'. The paper discusses the implication of this concept for the field of educational linguistics, followed by a brief illustration of a cognitive-cultural application of that concept, namely the concept of 'ethnic stereotype', as part of a socio-cultural guide for a cross-cultural pedagogical grammar.

Structural and Social-Psychological Factors associated with Job Functioning by Women Managers,2

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther R. Greenglass
Keyword(s):  
Women Managers ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
Mail Questionnaire ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Organizational Functioning ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship among psychological variables and organizational functioning in a sample of managers, 65 women and 65 men. Analysis of responses to a mail questionnaire showed women, compared to men, were higher on Type A behaviour, speed and impatience, and job involvement scale scores. Women were less likely to have families than men, and men appeared to benefit more from marriage. Men also reported higher salaries with greater family support. These results support the need for research to take into account the social context within which organizational and work behaviour takes place.

Problems Encountered in High School Pupils, Who Have Divorced Parents

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Merita Kollçaku
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Educational ◽  
Educational Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Adolescence and the problems teenagers face during this phase have a great impact in the teaching process. Divorce is one of the problems I have chosen to treat. This is due to the fact that divorce impacts the social-psychological-educational process of teenagers. The ways they experience the divorce of their parents are various. This depends on the area they live, their parents’ educational level, the relationship between parents after the divorce, the kind of relationship they had before, economic level, etc. Teenagers can display aggressive behaviour, disengage from learning, use various substances, etc. as a reaction to their parents. This is the object of my study. This research will use the qualitative method. The qualitative methods will consist in direct interviews with teenagers of the age-group of 14-18 years old, with teachers, psychologists and parents. Also consider those problems I might face during my study, on which the teenagers, or even their parents, might not express their opinion. As a conclusion we can say that based on the interviews it results that divorce has a great impact on the social-educational behaviour of teenagers.

scholarly journals Kommunales Integrationsmanagement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Reis
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Large Research

The social integration of refugees and other immigrants depends on the development of their chances of participating in society and on making them more proficient in doing so, a strategy which requires the corresponding alignment and coordination of local social services. This handbook practically uses the results of a large research project. It shows how to build up networks of professionals and volunteers and to establish case management as a concept and method in order to coordinate individually oriented services. The handbook presents a theoretical foundation, but also practical concepts and useful instruments with which to implement them. It will appeal to those who work in the context of local social and migration policy, as well as academics and teachers in the field of social sciences.

The Smoking Control Research Project: Purpose, Design, and Initial Results

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome L. Schwartz ◽  
Mildred Dubitzky
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Smoking Control ◽  
Initial Results

This report presents an outline of the Smoking Control Research Project, the main objectives of which are: the investigation of the social-psychological dynamics underlying smoking behavior and comparison of the effectiveness of three techniques designed to help people stop smoking. Initially, questionnaires were sent to a one-in-seven random sample of 8,284 male members of a prepaid health plan. Of the questionnaire respondents who were minimally motivated to stop smoking, those who completed a battery of psychological tests and medical screening were randomly assigned to control groups and treatment methods: Prescription, Individual Counseling, and Group Counseling. Social class and tranquilizer-placebo effects were controlled within each method. During the treatment program, the wives of all married Ss were studied to assess their influence upon their husbands' success. Initial results show an over-all quitting rate of 33%. Rates of success are compared for different methods.

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MOTHERS ' PERSONALITY THAT DETERMINE THE STYLE OF CHILD'S UPBRINGING

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
И.И. Пацакула ◽  
Т.В. Белинская
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship

Семья рассматривается как часть социальной среды, институт психологической поддержки ребенка, осуществляющий воссоздание определенного образа жизни, образа мыслей и отношений. Исследование посвящено изучению связи между индивидуально-психологическими особенностями личности матерей и стилем семейного воспитания. Результаты описывают стилевые особенности применительно к конкретным индивидуально-психологическим особенностям. The family is considered as a part of the social environment, an institution of psychological support for the child, which recreates a certain way of life, way of thinking and relationships. The study is devoted to the study of the relationship between the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of mothers and the style of family education. The results describe stylistic features in relation to specific individual psychological characteristics

From Help to Harm: Increases in Status, Perceived Underreciprocation, and the Consequences for Access to Strategic Help and Social Undermining Among Female, Racial Minority, and White Male Top Managers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth D. Keeves ◽  
James D. Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
White Male ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Corporate Leadership ◽  
Social Undermining ◽  
The Social

This paper explores how social psychological biases impede the social exchange relations of executives who ascend to high-status corporate leadership positions. We theorize that a combination of self-serving attribution biases among executives who gain status and egocentric biases of their prior benefactors cause a systematic difference in perceptions about the relative importance of that help to the beneficiary’s success. This leads to the perception among prior benefactors that the high-status executives have not adequately reciprocated their help. We then extend this argument to explain why perceptions of underreciprocation are heightened when the high-status executive is a racial minority or a woman but reduced when the prior benefactor is a racial minority or a woman. The final element of our theoretical framework examines the social consequences of perceived underreciprocation for corporate leaders. We suggest that the high-status leaders’ access to strategic help is reduced, and they may become the target of social undermining that can damage their broader reputation. The findings support our social psychological perspective on social exchange in corporate leadership, revealing how and why executives who have ascended to high-status positions not only may encounter difficulty obtaining assistance from fellow leaders but also may experience adverse reversals in their social exchange ties such that managers who previously aided them engage in socially harmful behavior toward them.

A Star Is Born: The Relationship Between Performance and Achieving Status Through Certification Contests in the Context of Equity Analysts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Taeha Paik ◽  
Timothy G. Pollock ◽  
Steven Boivie ◽  
Donald Lange ◽  
Peggy M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Equity Analysts ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Position ◽  
Over Time

We investigate how the relationship between status and performance decouples over time by addressing two questions: (1) how performance affects the likelihood that an actor achieves high status and (2) how achieving high status affects the actor’s subsequent performance. In doing so, we focus on the role repeated certification contests play, where evaluators assess actors’ performance along particular dimensions and confer high status on the contest winners. Using the context of sell-side (brokerage) equity analysts and the “All-Star” list from Institutional Investor magazine, we first investigate whether analysts who make the All-Star list are more likely to produce accurate and/or independent forecasts. Then, we investigate analyst performance after recent and multiple wins. Our results demonstrate the decoupling of status and performance over time and the roles played by both the high-status actor and the social evaluators conferring their status. Whereas analyst performance increases the likelihood of being designated an All-Star, recent and multiple All-Star designations differentially affect both how subsequent performance is assessed, and how the All-Star analysts subsequently perform. In the short term, achieving high status can increase performance and solidify an analyst’s status position; however, in the long term, it can lead to lower performance and eventually result in status loss, which further erodes performance.

Between Acculturation and Conversion

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-293
Author(s):  
Natalie Naimark-Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
World View ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
German Society ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the relationship of the enlightened Jewish women to Judaism and to religion in general, including their attitude to conversion to Christianity. One of the most significant features of the act of conversion in the case of these Jewish women is the fact that, for them, it came in most cases at a relatively advanced age, despite the fact that their close involvement with German society and culture had started years before, in their teens or early twenties. All these women, then, spent many years distancing themselves in practice from the traditional Jewish way of life, blurring the borders that separated the Jewish and Christian worlds. During those years, they usually lived as non-observant Jews, who gradually abandoned Jewish practices but nevertheless remained affiliated to the Jewish people. As such, despite the indisputable importance of religious conversion, in most cases, the act itself did not mark a decisive point of departure in either the social life or the world-view of these women. The act of conversion constituted not a sudden leap from one world to another so much as one more step in a continuing process of acculturation in German society and alienation from the Jewish world.

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