Competitive Anxiety, Situation Criticality and Softball Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki Krane ◽  
Douglas Joyce ◽  
Jennifer Rafeld
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
Salient Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship among person factors, situational factors, and batting performance was examined during a collegiate softball tournament. Specifically, the purposes of the present study were to examine (a) cognitive and somatic anxiety and performance as related to athletes’ trait anxiety and situation criticality, and (b) the catastrophe theory prediction that somatic anxiety would differentially relate to performance depending upon the level of cognitive anxiety. Standardized performance scores and intraindividual cognitive and somatic anxiety scores were computed for each athlete (N = 11). As hypothesized, high levels of situation criticality were associated with high levels of cognitive anxiety, but somatic anxiety did not differ in the two situations. Both person and situation factors were significant predictors of cognitive and somatic anxiety; however, the more salient factor was dependent upon the measurement of anxiety (raw scores vs. standardized score). Consistent with the catastrophe theory, somatic anxiety had a different relationship with performance in high criticality situations compared to low criticality situations.

The Relationship Among Personality, Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, Physiological Arousal, and Performance in Male Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamuran Yerlikaya Balyan ◽  
Serdar Tok ◽  
Arkun Tatar ◽  
Erdal Binboga ◽  
Melih Balyan
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the association between personality, competitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and physiological arousal in athletes with high and low anxiety levels. Anxiety was manipulated by means of an incentive. Fifty male participants, first, completed the Five Factor Personality Inventory and their resting electro dermal activity (EDA) was recorded. In the second stage, participants were randomly assigned to high or low anxiety groups. Individual EDAs were recorded again to determine precompetition physiological arousal. Participants also completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and played a computer-simulated soccer match. Results showed that neuroticism was related to both CSAI-2 components and physiological arousal only in the group receiving the incentive. Winners had higher levels of cognitive anxiety and lower levels of physiological arousal than losers. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that an athlete’s neurotic personality may influence his cognitive and physiological responses in a competition.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

The Relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette L. Craft ◽  
T. Michelle Magyar ◽  
Betsy J. Becker ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The multidimensional approach to the study of anxiety (Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990a) considers subcomponents of anxiety, specifically cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Much of the research based on this theory has utilized the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990b). Findings have been inconsistent, with some research suggesting that the three subcomponents have separate relationships with performance and other studies failing to find any relationship between the anxiety subcomponents and performance. This meta-analysis examined the effect of state anxiety as measured by the CSAI-2 (i.e., cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence) on athletic performance. Studies were coded for characteristics that could potentially moderate the effects of anxiety on performance (i.e., features of design, subjects, sport). Interdependency between the three subscales was examined using multivariate meta-analytic techniques (Becker & Schram, 1994). Relationships among cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and performance appeared weak. Exploratory modeling showed that self-confidence displayed the strongest and most consistent relationship with performance.

scholarly journals The Influence of Coaches’ Communication on The Level of Players’ Pre-Competitive Anxiety and Selfesteem

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Peter Kačúr
Keyword(s):  
Educational Program ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mastery Approach

Summary The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of coaches` communication discourse determined by educational program Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC) on changes of players` level of pre-competitive anxiety and self-esteem. The research was applied on 10 coaches of collective sports and 161 players. For diagnosing, the level of cognitive, somatic anxiety and selfesteem was used standardized questionnaire CSAI-2R. Players of experimental group decreased level of intensity of cognitive (p = 0.004) and somatic anxiety as well as frequency and increased level of selfesteem intensity (p = 0.021) and frequency during intervention period. After three months’ experiment period players of experimental group experienced lower intensity (p = 0.000) and frequency of cognitive anxiety as well as lower intensity (p = 0.012) and frequency (p = 0.037) of somatic anxiety than players in control group. Players of experimental group perceived direction of self-esteem intrusions (p = 0.041) as well as intrusions of cognitive and somatic anxiety more positively than players of control group after intervention period.

Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Stephen Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Median Split ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines Hardy’s (1990, 1996a) proposition that self-confidence might act as the bias factor in a butterfly catastrophe model of stress and performance. Male golfers (N = 8) participated in a golf tournament and reported their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence prior to their tee shot on each hole. All anxiety, self-confidence, and performance scores were standardized within participants in order to control for individual differences. The data were then collapsed across participants and categorized into a high self-confidence condition and a low self-confidence condition by means of a median split. A series of two-way (Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety) ANOVAs was conducted on each self-confidence condition in order to fag where the maximum Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety interaction effect size lay along the somatic anxiety axis. These ANOVAs revealed that the maximum interaction effect size between cognitive and somatic anxiety was at a higher level of somatic anxiety for the high self-confidence condition than for the low self-confidence condition, thus supporting the moderating role of self-confidence in a catastrophe model framework.

Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

scholarly journals Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.

scholarly journals Can Attitudes toward Statistics and Statistics Anxiety Explain Students’ Performance? // ¿Pueden las actitudes hacia la estadística y la ansiedad estadística explicar el rendimiento de los estudiantes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Sesé ◽  
Rafael Jiménez ◽  
Juan José Montaño ◽  
Alfonso Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Attitudes Toward Statistics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Predictor

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between math background, trait anxiety, test anxiety, statistics anxiety, attitudes toward statistics and statistics performance in a sample of 472 university students enrolled in statistics courses of Health Sciences majors. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach showed the attitudes as the stronger direct predictor of performance, and played a full mediating role on the relationship between statistics anxiety and performance. Contrary to hypothesized, the direct contribution of math background, trait anxiety, and test anxiety to performance was non-significant. A final model posited that performance was positively and directly affected by attitudes, and in turn attitudes were positively influenced by math background and negatively affected by anxiety. Math background also appeared as negative predictor of anxiety. Finally, test anxiety was a positively direct predictor of statistics anxiety.

scholarly journals The Cultural Influence of Anxiety on Student-athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Vincent Parnabas ◽  
Yahaya Mahamood ◽  
Julinamary Parnabas ◽  
Antoinette Mary Parnabas
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
Ethnic Category ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Access Article

Anxiety consists of cognitive and somatic components. The present study aims to examine the relationship between ethnic and anxiety. The sample consisted of 147 football players, with Malay (N=54), Chinese (N=45), Indian (N=31) and others (N=17). Competitive State Anxiety Inventory –2, used to collect the data. The result showed that Malay ethnic category exhibited higher levels of cognitive anxiety, whereas Indian ethnic exhibit a higher level of somatic anxiety. The findings of this study is beneficial to coaches, sport psychologist and counsellors in providing suitable coping strategies to Malay and Indian soccer athletes, to reduce anxiety and enhance their performance. Keywords: Cognitive anxiety; somatic anxiety; football players; cultural. eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.287   

Generality and Specificity of Attention Belated to Competitive Anxiety and Sport Performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R Albrecht ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
Positive Correlations

The Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) was developed as an objective measure by which an individual's attentional predisposition could be identified and used to predict performance on a variety of tasks. The present study had three purposes: (a) to construct a baseball/softball batting (B-TAIS) version of each TAIS attentional subscale, (b) to compare TAIS and B-TAIS reliability, and (c) to compare TAIS and B-TAIS validity. Both instruments were administered to 29 intercollegiate baseball and softball players. The B-TAIS demonstrated slightly higher test-restest reliability on five of the six attentional subscales and was higher than the TAIS in internal consistency on all subscales. Batting performance was positively related to all B-TAIS subscales assessing effective attentional deployment and negatively related to all subscales assessing ineffective attention. Significant positive correlations also existed between B-TAIS ineffective subscale scores and competitive trait anxiety. However, these relationships were not found with the general TAIS.

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