scholarly journals Artelleet al. (2018) miss the science underlying North American wildlife management

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat8281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Mawdsley ◽  
John F. Organ ◽  
Daniel J. Decker ◽  
Ann B. Forstchen ◽  
Ronald J. Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
North American ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Selection Of

Artelleet al. (2018) conclude that “hallmarks of science” are largely missing from North American wildlife management based on a desk review of selected hunting management plans and related documents found through Internet searches and email requests to state and provincial wildlife agencies. We highlight three fundamental problems that compromise the validity of the conclusions posited: missing information to support selection of “hallmarks of science,” confusion about the roles and nature of science and management, and failure to engage effectively with the scientists and managers actively managing wildlife populations in North America.

Correlation of Cambrian–Ordovician boundary between Europe and North America: new data from western Newfoundland

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Fortey ◽  
David Skevington
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Selection Of

The Cow Head Group in western Newfoundland includes a record of continuous graptolite evolution across the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary. In sections at Broom Point, interbedded breccias contain blocks with rich platform trilobite faunas which give a complete succession of North American zones. The stratigraphic relationship between graptolites and trilobites clearly establishes that the base of the type Tremadoc Series lies above that of the Missisquoia Zone. The sequence of earliest planktonic graptolites is the most complete known and serves to remove objections to the selection of Dictyonema flabelliforme, or one of its subspecies, as an index for the base of the Ordovician System.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis (bovine tuberculosis) infection in North American wildlife: current status and opportunities for mitigation of risks of further infection in wildlife populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 1357-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. MILLER ◽  
S. J. SWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
North America ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
North American ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wildlife Populations

SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has been identified in nine geographically distinct wildlife populations in North America and Hawaii and is endemic in at least three populations, including members of the Bovidae, Cervidae, and Suidae families. The emergence of M. bovis in North American wildlife poses a serious and growing risk for livestock and human health and for the recreational hunting industry. Experience in many countries, including the USA and Canada, has shown that while M. bovis can be controlled when restricted to livestock species, it is almost impossible to eradicate once it has spread into ecosystems with free-ranging maintenance hosts. Therefore, preventing transmission of M. bovis to wildlife may be the most effective way to mitigate economic and health costs of this bacterial pathogen. Here we review the status of M. bovis infection in wildlife of North America and identify risks for its establishment in uninfected North American wildlife populations where eradication or control would be difficult and costly. We identified four common risk factors associated with establishment of M. bovis in uninfected wildlife populations in North America, (1) commingling of infected cattle with susceptible wildlife, (2) supplemental feeding of wildlife, (3) inadequate surveillance of at-risk wildlife, and (4) unrecognized emergence of alternate wildlife species as successful maintenance hosts. We then propose the use of integrated and adaptive disease management to mitigate these risk factors to prevent establishment of M. bovis in susceptible North American wildlife species.

scholarly journals Trail Trees: Living Artifacts (Vivifacts) of Eastern North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Kawa ◽  
Bradley Painter ◽  
Cailín E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Culturally Modified Trees ◽  
Management Plans

Living trees historically modified by human populations, oftentimes referred to as “culturally modified trees” (CMTs), are found throughout the North American landscape. In eastern North America specifically, indigenous populations bent thousands of trees to mark trails, and some of these still exist in the region today. In this article, we present a synthesis of current knowledge on trail trees, including their speculated functions, formation, and selection. We also examine the theoretical implications of these living artifacts (or vivifacts) and how they may open new avenues for investigation by archaeologists, environmental historians, and ethnobiologists. To conclude, we make a call for expanded public recognition and documentation of trail trees, discussing the need for their incorporation into forest and park management plans.

Hypogymnia recurvaandHypogymnia wilfianaspp. nov., two new lichens from western North AmericaThis paper is one of a selection of papers published as part of the special Schofield Gedenkschrift.

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Goward ◽  
Teuvo Ahti ◽  
John A. Elix ◽  
Toby Spribille
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
North American ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lichen Flora

Hypogymnia metaphysodes was first described from Japan and Sakhalin, and later reported from western North America. Here we show that the North American material currently referred to H. metaphysodes differs from that species not only morphologically and chemically, but also in ascospore size and shape. We also show that the North American material is in fact heterogeneous, and can be assigned to two well-defined species here described as new: Hypogymnia recurva sp. nov. and H. wilfiana sp. nov. Both of these lichens contain distinctive secondary metabolites: vittatolic acid in the case of H. recurva, and 2-methylene-3-carboxy-18-hydroxynonadecanoic acid (“apinnatic acid”), reported here for the first time from Hypogymnia , in H. wilfiana. Both of our new species are so far known only from western North America, where they occur primarily as epiphytes on the branches of conifers. Hypogymnia metaphysodes s. str. has not yet been reliably reported from this region and should be excluded from the North American lichen flora.

Nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes support host and geographic speciation in tree pathogens belonging toGremmeniellaspp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dusabenyagasani ◽  
G Laflamme ◽  
R C Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Group I ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Pinus Spp

We detected nucleotide polymorphisms within the genus Gremmeniella in DNA sequences of β-tubulin, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU rRNA) genes. A group-I intron was present in strains originating from fir (Abies spp.) in the mtSSU rRNA locus. This intron in the mtSSU rRNA locus of strains isolated from Abies sachalinensis (Fridr. Schmidt) M.T. Mast in Asia was also found in strains isolated from Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. in North America. Phylogenetic analyses yielded trees that grouped strains by host of origin with strong branch support. Asian strains of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerberg) Morelet var. abietina isolated from fir (A. sachalinensis) were more closely related to G. abietina var. balsamea from North America, which is found on spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir, and European and North American races of G. abietina var. abietina from pines (Pinus spp.) were distantly related. Likewise, North American isolates of Gremmeniella laricina (Ettinger) O. Petrini, L.E. Petrini, G. Laflamme, & G.B. Ouellette, a pathogen of larch, was more closely related to G. laricina from Europe than to G. abietina var. abietina from North America. These data suggest that host specialization might have been the leading evolutionary force shaping Gremmeniella spp., with geographic separation acting as a secondary factor.Key words: Gremmeniella, geographic separation, host specialization, mitochondrial rRNA, nuclear genes.

scholarly journals Progress in Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: The North American Perspective

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Michael Glenn O’Connor ◽  
Amjad Horani ◽  
Adam J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The North ◽  
Diagnostic Guideline ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, under-recognized disease that affects respiratory ciliary function, resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. The PCD clinical phenotype overlaps with other common respiratory conditions and no single diagnostic test detects all forms of PCD. In 2018, PCD experts collaborated with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) to create a clinical diagnostic guideline for patients across North America, specifically considering the local resources and limitations for PCD diagnosis in the United States and Canada. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) testing is recommended for first-line testing in patients ≥5 years old with a compatible clinical phenotype; however, all low nNO values require confirmation with genetic testing or ciliary electron micrograph (EM) analysis. Furthermore, these guidelines recognize that not all North American patients have access to nNO testing and isolated genetic testing is appropriate in cases with strong clinical PCD phenotypes. For unresolved diagnostic cases, referral to a PCD Foundation accredited center is recommended. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide insight on the North American PCD diagnostic process, to enhance the understanding of and adherence to current guidelines, and to promote collaboration with diagnostic pathways used outside of North America.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Chemical Components and Flavor Characteristics Responsible for Triggering the Perception of “Beer Flavor” in Non-Alcoholic Beer

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Scott Lafontaine ◽  
Kay Senn ◽  
Laura Knoke ◽  
Christian Schubert ◽  
Johanna Dennenlöhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Beer Flavor ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Forty-two commercial non-alcoholic beer (NAB) brands were analyzed using sensory and chemical techniques to understand which analytes and/or flavors were most responsible for invoking the perception of “beer flavor” (for Northern Californian consumers). The aroma and taste profiles of the commercial NABs, a commercial soda, and a carbonated seltzer water (n = 44) were characterized using replicated descriptive and CATA analyses performed by a trained sensory panel (i.e., 11 panelists). A number of non-volatile and volatile techniques were then used to chemically deconstruct the products. Consumer analysis (i.e., 129 Northern Californian consumers) was also used to evaluate a selection of these NABs (i.e., 12) and how similar they thought the aroma, taste and mouthfeels of these products were to beer, soda, and water. The results show that certain constituents drive the aroma and taste profiles which are responsible for invoking beer perception for these North American consumers. Further, beer likeness might not be a driver of preference in this diverse beverage class for Northern Californian consumers. These are important insights for brewers planning to create products for similar markets and/or more broadly for companies interested in designing other functional/alternative food and beverage products.

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