scholarly journals Multiple-q noncollinear magnetism in an itinerant hexagonal magnet

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Takagi ◽  
J. S. White ◽  
S. Hayami ◽  
R. Arita ◽  
D. Honecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spin Order ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Lattice State ◽  
Spin Texture ◽  
Different Origins

Multiple-q spin order, i.e., a spin texture characterized by a multiple number of coexisting magnetic modulation vectors q, has recently attracted attention as a source of nontrivial magnetic topology and associated emergent phenomena. One typical example is the triple-q skyrmion lattice state stabilized by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in noncentrosymmetric magnets, while the emergence of various multiple-q states of different origins is expected according to the latest theories. Here, we investigated the magnetic structure of the itinerant polar hexagonal magnet Y3Co8Sn4, in which several distinctive mechanisms favoring multiple-q states are allowed to become active. Small-angle neutron-scattering experiments suggest the formation of incommensurate triple-q magnetic order with an in-plane vortex-like spin texture, which can be most consistently explained in terms of the novel four-spin interaction mechanism inherent to itinerant magnets. The present results suggest a new route to realizing exotic multiple-q orders and that itinerant hexagonal magnets, including the R3M8Sn4 family with wide chemical tunability, can be a unique material platform to explore their rich phase diagrams.

scholarly journals Quantum Structured Light: Non-classical Spin Texture of Twisted Single-photon Pulses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Yang ◽  
Zubin Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Spin Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Spin Order ◽  
Spin Noise ◽  
Spin Texture

Abstract Classical structured light with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electromagnetic waves has varied applications in optical trapping, bio-sensing, optical communications and quantum simulations. The classical electromagnetic theory of such structured light beams and pulses have advanced significantly over the last two decades. However, a framework for the quantum density of spin and OAM for single-photons remains elusive. Here, we develop a theoretical framework and put forth the concept of quantum structured light for space-time wavepackets at the single-photon level. Our work marks a paradigm shift beyond scalar-field theory as well as the paraxial approximation and can be utilized to study the quantum properties of the spin and OAM of all classes of twisted quantum light pulses. We capture the uncertainty in full three-dimensional (3D) projections of vector spin demonstrating their quantum behavior beyond the conventional concept of classical polarization. Even in laser beams with high OAM along the propagation direction, we predict the existence of large OAM quantum fluctuations in the transverse plane which can be verified experimentally. We show that the spin density generates modulated helical texture beyond the paraxial limit and exhibits distinct statistics for Fock-state vs. coherent-state twisted pulses. We introduce the quantum correlator of photon spin density to characterize the nonlocal spin noise providing a rigorous parallel with fermionic spin noise operators. Our work paves the way for quantum spin-OAM physics in twisted single photon pulses and also opens explorations for new phases of light with long-range spin order.

scholarly journals Calculation of the Exchange Constant in 2D Wigner Liquid

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
V. V. Flambaum ◽  
I. V. Ponomarev ◽  
O. P. Sushkov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Range Order ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
Exchange Constant ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Spin

The recent observation of a two-dimensional (2D) metal–insulator transition in semiconductor devices and the strong influence of a magnetic field on the metallic phase has attracted a great deal of interest. This gives rise to the important theoretical question about the nature and the magnetic order of insulating and conducting phases. In the present paper we calculate (both analytically and numerically) the exchange constant for a two-dimensional Wigner liquid— the state with destroyed long-range order but preserved short-range order. It is demonstrated that there is an antiferromagnetic spin–spin interaction between nearest electrons. We also discuss a possible pairing of the electrons in a 2D Wigner crystal by the spin-Peierls mechanism.

scholarly journals The Spin-Spin Interaction Mechanism between Quarks and Its Impact on the Mass Spectrum of Mesons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
Spatial Description ◽  
Mechanical Oscillator ◽  
Common Root ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Quark Flavors

A structure-based view on mesons is given, based upon the concept of an archetype quark, described as a pointlike source producing an energy flux, the spatial description of which is derived from Dirac’s second dipole moment. This enables to conceive the archetype meson (pion) as a structure that behaves as a one-body anharmonic quantum mechanical oscillator. All mesons appear being excitations of the archetype, thereby allowing a calculation of the mass spectrum without the use of empirical parameters for the masses of the quark flavors. This includes a physically comprehensible analysis of the spin-spin interaction between quarks. It also provides a solution for the eta-etaprime puzzle. Next to this, it is shown that quite some particles that are presently regarded as elementary, have a common root and can be traced back to a few archetypes only.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Inflatable Recyclable Anchor in the Tube Piece Type Based on the Soil-Anchor Interaction Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chenchen Du ◽  
Taoli Xiao ◽  
Yunlong He ◽  
Xuexiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
Embedment Length

This paper deeply studies the characteristics and “uplift bearing capacity” of a novel type of inflatable recyclable anchor in the tube piece. The proposed novel inflatable recyclable anchor in the tube piece type comprises a metallic rod, an inflatable anchorage device, and a recovery device. Fifteen field uplift tests are conducted to investigate the effects of inflation pressure, thickness of the steel disc, embedment length, and time lapse between anchor inflation and pullout on “the uplift bearing capacity.” The results show that “the uplift bearing capacity” of the novel inflatable anchor in the tube piece type increases with the increase of inflation pressure, thickness of the steel disc, and embedment length. With the increase of inflation time, “the uplift bearing capacity” of the novel inflatable anchor experiences an increase after first experiencing a decrease. The finite element analysis method is used to establish a numerical analysis model of the inflatable anchor, and the distribution law of the tensile stress of the surrounding soil during the pullout of the anchor is analysed. Compared with the traditional grouted anchor, the proposed anchor has an obvious superiority in recyclability, reusability, and swifter formation of anchorage force and thus is a resource-saving and environmentally friendly anchor technology.

scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Milk Using a Multicomponent Analytical Platform MicroNIR/Chemometric

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Risoluti ◽  
Giuseppina Gullifa ◽  
Stefano Materazi
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Screening Platform ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Non Destructive

In this work, an innovative screening platform based on MicroNIR and chemometrics is proposed for the on-site and contactless monitoring of the quality of milk using simultaneous multicomponent analysis. The novelty of this completely automated tool consists of a miniaturized NIR spectrometer operating in a wireless mode that allows samples to be processed in a rapid and accurate way and to obtain in a single click a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of milk. To optimize the platform, milk specimens with different origins and compositions were considered and prediction models were developed by chemometric analysis of the NIR spectra using Partial Least Square regression algorithms. Once calibrated, the platform was used to predict samples acquired in the market and validation was performed by comparing results of the novel platform with those obtained from the chromatographic analysis. Results demonstrated the ability of the platform to differentiate milk as a function of the distribution of fatty acids, providing a rapid and non-destructive method to assess the quality of milk and to avoid food adulteration.

Novel Material Shows Unconventional Superconductivity with Magnetic Order Under Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triplet State ◽  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Unconventional Superconductivity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spin Degree ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Spin Triplet ◽  
Topological Superconductivity

Multiple superconductivity wad found in the novel spin-triplet superconductor UTe<sub>2</sub>, which is called "Silicon of Quantum Computers". A complicated spin-triplet state is realized as a consequence of spin degree of freedom. This result will lead to a new state of topological superconductivity.

Design optimization of a fluidized bed with a novel air chamber using the CFD-Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110293
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Yishan Zeng ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Haozhou Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Splitter Plate ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Level 1

The gas–solid fluidized bed is the key structure of industrial fluidization, and it is widely used in fields such as chemical reactors and industrial material conveying. To study the uniformity of velocity distribution ( Vu) in a fluidized bed and clarify the interaction mechanism between the geometric structure of the air chamber and the gas flow, in this paper, 16 novel chamber structures for powder unloading were designed based on the Taguchi method. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate the different chamber schemes, and the effects of various geometric factors on the response were analyzed based on the Taguchi method. The effect of the novel optimization model for powder unloading was verified by tests. The results show that the optimal combination of geometrical parameters is air chamber capacity ( V) at level 4, separation ratio ( K) at level 1 and clearance of splitter plate ( δ) at level 1, and δ has the greatest effect on the Vu1 and Vu2 in the fluidized bed. With the increase in δ and K, the velocity of the airflow away from the inlet side increases, and the area of the vortex near the splitter plate increases. Compared with the baseline model, the fluidized bed with the novel air chamber can effectively reduce the residual rate of powder unloading.

scholarly journals Interaction of gibberellin and other hormones in almond anthers: phenotypic and physiological changes and transcriptomic reprogramming

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jia Tian ◽  
Changkui Guo ◽  
Shuping Luo ◽  
Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Pollen Stage ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

AbstractLow temperature causes anther dysfunction, severe pollen sterility and, ultimately, major yield losses in crop plants. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway plays an important role in this process by regulating tapetum function and pollen development. However, the interaction mechanism of GA with other hormones mediating anther development is still unclear. Herein, we collected and analyzed almond (Amygdalus communis L.) anthers at the meiosis, tetrad, 1-nucleus, and mature 2-nucleus stages. The growth rate per 1000 anthers exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total bioactive GA compound content, and the levels of all bioactive GA compounds were highest in the 1-nucleus pollen stage. GA3 treatment experiments indicated that exogenous GA3 increased the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and jasmonic acid (JA) and decreased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA); moreover, GA3 improved pollen viability and quantities under cold conditions, whereas PP333 (paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) was antagonistic with GA3 in controlling anther development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that GA played an important role in anther development by regulating the expression of other phytohormone pathway genes, dehydration-responsive element-binding/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1/CBF)-mediated signaling genes, and anther development pathway genes. Our results reveal the novel finding that GA interacts with other hormones to balance anther development under normal- and low-temperature conditions in almond.

scholarly journals Experimental realization of non-Abelian gauge field in circuit system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yu ◽  
Ziyin Song ◽  
Tianyu Wu ◽  
Wenquan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Field ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Edge States ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exotic Physics ◽  
Spin Texture

Abstract Synthetic gauge field, especially the non-Abelian gauge field, has emerged as a new way to explore exotic physics in a wide range of materials and platforms. Here we present the building blocks, consisting of capacitors and inductors, to implement the non-Abelian tunneling matrices and show that circuit system is an appropriate choice to realize the non-Abelian gauge field. To demonstrate the novel physics enabled by the non-Abelian gauge field, we provide a simple and modular scheme to design the Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction and topological Chern state in circuits. By measuring the spin texture and chiral edge states of the resonant frequency band structures, we confirm the spin-orbit effect and topological Chern state in circuits. Our schemes open a broad avenue to study non-Abelian gauge field and related physics in circuit platform.

scholarly journals The Spin-Spin Interaction Mechanism between Quarks and Its Impact on the Mass Spectrum of Mesons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
Spatial Description ◽  
Mechanical Oscillator ◽  
Common Root ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Quark Flavors

A structure-based view on mesons is given, based upon the concept of an archetype quark, described as a pointlike source producing an energy flux, the spatial description of which is derived from the functional description of the Higgs field. This enables to conceive the archetype meson (pion) as a structure that behaves as a one-body anharmonic quantum mechanical oscillator. All mesons appear being excitations of the archetype, thereby allowing a calculation of the mass spectrum without the use of empirical parameters for the masses of the quark flavors. This includes a physically comprehensible analysis of the spin-spin interaction between quarks. It also provides a solution for the eta-etaprime puzzle. Next to this, it is shown that quite some particles that are presently regarded as elementary, have a common root and can be traced back to a few archetypes only.

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