scholarly journals Interaction of gibberellin and other hormones in almond anthers: phenotypic and physiological changes and transcriptomic reprogramming

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jia Tian ◽  
Changkui Guo ◽  
Shuping Luo ◽  
Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Pollen Stage ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

AbstractLow temperature causes anther dysfunction, severe pollen sterility and, ultimately, major yield losses in crop plants. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway plays an important role in this process by regulating tapetum function and pollen development. However, the interaction mechanism of GA with other hormones mediating anther development is still unclear. Herein, we collected and analyzed almond (Amygdalus communis L.) anthers at the meiosis, tetrad, 1-nucleus, and mature 2-nucleus stages. The growth rate per 1000 anthers exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total bioactive GA compound content, and the levels of all bioactive GA compounds were highest in the 1-nucleus pollen stage. GA3 treatment experiments indicated that exogenous GA3 increased the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and jasmonic acid (JA) and decreased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA); moreover, GA3 improved pollen viability and quantities under cold conditions, whereas PP333 (paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) was antagonistic with GA3 in controlling anther development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that GA played an important role in anther development by regulating the expression of other phytohormone pathway genes, dehydration-responsive element-binding/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1/CBF)-mediated signaling genes, and anther development pathway genes. Our results reveal the novel finding that GA interacts with other hormones to balance anther development under normal- and low-temperature conditions in almond.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 (CBF/DREB1) protein family in 43 plant species and characterization of CBF/DREB1 proteins in Solanum tuberosum

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Li ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Minghui Ye ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element

Abstract Background Plants are easily affected by temperature variations, and high temperature (heat stress) and low temperature (cold stress) will lead to poor plant development and reduce crop yields. Therefore, it is very important to identify resistance genes for improving the ability of plants to resist heat stress or cold stress by using modern biotechnology. Members of the C-repeat binding factor/Dehydration responsive element-binding 1 (CBF/DREB1) protein family are related to the stress resistance of many plant species. These proteins affect the growth and development of plants and play vital roles during environmental stress (cold, heat, drought, salt, etc.). In this study, we identified CBF/DREB1 genes from 43 plant species (including algae, moss, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) by using bioinformatic methods to clarify the characteristics of the CBF/DREB1 protein family members and their functions in potato under heat and cold stresses. Results In this study, we identified 292 CBF/DREB1 proteins from 43 plant species. However, no CBF/DREB1 protein was found in algae, moss, ferns, or gymnosperms; members of this protein family exist only in angiosperms. Phylogenetic analysis of all the CBF/DREB1 proteins revealed five independent groups. Among them, the genes of group I do not exist in eudicots and are found only in monocots, indicating that these genes have a special effect on monocots. The analysis of motifs, gene duplication events, and the expression data from the PGSC website revealed the gene structures, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of the CBF/DREB1 proteins. In addition, analysis of the transcript levels of the 8 CBF/DREB1 genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum) under low-temperature and high-temperature stresses showed that these genes were related to temperature stresses. In particular, the expression levels of StCBF3 and StCBF4 in the leaves, stems, and roots significantly increased under high-temperature conditions, which suggested that StCBF3 and StCBF4 may be closely related to heat tolerance in potato. Conclusion Overall, members of the CBF/DREB1 protein family exist only in angiosperms and plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. In addition, the CBF/DREB1 protein family is related to the heat and cold resistance of potato. Our research revealed the evolution of the CBF/DREB1 family, and is useful for studying the precise functions of the CBF/DREB1 proteins when the plants are developing and are under temperature stress.

scholarly journals Integrated Isoform Sequencing and Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Diverse Transcripts Responsible for Low Temperature Stress at Anther Meiosis Stage in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Qu ◽  
Yan Jia ◽  
Yuyang Duan ◽  
Hongyang Chen ◽  
Xinpeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Low temperatures stress is one of the important factors limiting rice yield, especially during rice anther development, and can cause pollen sterility and decrease grain yield. In our study, low-temperature stress decreased pollen viability and spikelet fertility by affecting the sugar, nitrogen and amino acid contents of anthers. We performed RNA-seq and ISO-seq experiments to study the genome-wide transcript expression profiles in low-temperature anthers. A total of 4,859 differentially expressed transcripts were detected between the low-temperature and control groups. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed significant terms related to cold tolerance. Hexokinase and glutamate decarboxylase participating in starch and sucrose metabolism may play important roles in the response to cold stress. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, nine hub transcripts were found that could improve cold tolerance throughout the meiosis period of rice: Os02t0219000-01 (interferon-related developmental regulator protein), Os01t0218350-00 (tetratricopeptide repeat-containing thioredoxin), Os08t0197700-00 (luminal-binding protein 5), Os11t0200000-01 (histone deacetylase 19), Os03t0758700-01 (WD40 repeat domain-containing protein), Os06t0220500-01 (7-deoxyloganetin glucosyltransferase), Pacbio.T01382 (sucrose synthase 1), Os01t0172400-01 (phospholipase D alpha 1), and Os01t0261200-01 (NAC domain-containing protein 74). In the PPI network, the protein minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4) may play an important role in DNA replication induced by cold stress.

scholarly journals The EAR Motif in the Arabidopsis MADS Transcription Factor AGAMOUS-Like 15 Is Not Necessary to Promote Somatic Embryogenesis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Sanjay Joshi ◽  
Christian Keller ◽  
Sharyn E. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Ear Motif ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15) is a member of the MADS domain family of transcription factors (TFs) that can directly induce and repress target gene expression, and for which promotion of somatic embryogenesis (SE) is positively correlated with accumulation. An ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif of form LxLxL within the carboxyl-terminal domain of AGL15 was shown to be involved in repression of gene expression. Here, we examine whether AGL15′s ability to repress gene expression is needed to promote SE. While a form of AGL15 where the LxLxL is changed to AxAxA can still promote SE, another form with a strong transcriptional activator at the carboxy-terminal end, does not promote SE and, in fact, is detrimental to SE development. Select target genes were examined for response to the different forms of AGL15.

scholarly journals Multiple-q noncollinear magnetism in an itinerant hexagonal magnet

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Takagi ◽  
J. S. White ◽  
S. Hayami ◽  
R. Arita ◽  
D. Honecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spin Order ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Lattice State ◽  
Spin Texture ◽  
Different Origins

Multiple-q spin order, i.e., a spin texture characterized by a multiple number of coexisting magnetic modulation vectors q, has recently attracted attention as a source of nontrivial magnetic topology and associated emergent phenomena. One typical example is the triple-q skyrmion lattice state stabilized by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in noncentrosymmetric magnets, while the emergence of various multiple-q states of different origins is expected according to the latest theories. Here, we investigated the magnetic structure of the itinerant polar hexagonal magnet Y3Co8Sn4, in which several distinctive mechanisms favoring multiple-q states are allowed to become active. Small-angle neutron-scattering experiments suggest the formation of incommensurate triple-q magnetic order with an in-plane vortex-like spin texture, which can be most consistently explained in terms of the novel four-spin interaction mechanism inherent to itinerant magnets. The present results suggest a new route to realizing exotic multiple-q orders and that itinerant hexagonal magnets, including the R3M8Sn4 family with wide chemical tunability, can be a unique material platform to explore their rich phase diagrams.

scholarly journals Regulation of protamine gene expression in an in vitro homologous system.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Jankowski ◽  
P D Cannon ◽  
F Van der Hoorn ◽  
L D Wasilewska ◽  
N C Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Tata Box ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Gc Box ◽  
Responsive Element

An in vitro transcription system from the trout testis nuclei was developed to study trout protamine gene expression. The protamine promoter contains, among others, two regulatory elements: 1) a cAMP-responsive element or CRE element (TGACGTCA) which is present in position 5' to TATA box, and 2) GC box (CCGCCC) which is present in position 3' to TATA box. The removal of the CRE-binding protein by titration (by the addition of appropriate oligonucleotides to the incubation mixture) resulted in a decrease in transcription of the protamine gene. These results were confirmed by experiments in which the pure CRE-binding factor (TPBP1) was used, as well as by those where a stimulatory effect of cAMP on protamine promoter transcription was observed. On the other hand, addition of oligonucleotides containing the GC-box sequence enhanced the protamine gene transcription indicating that the protein (Sp1 like) which binds to this sequence acts as a repressor of protamine gene expression. These results confirm the previously proposed model which suggested that the GC box played a role in negative regulation of the protamine gene expression. Involvement of some other factors in this process was also discussed.

scholarly journals Study of low-temperature exposure on biotissue using an elongated cryoapplicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
A V Pushkarev ◽  
N A Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

Abstract The article presents the results of a study of low-temperature exposure on animal biological tissue using the novel prototype of a liquid nitrogen cryoapplicator. The data obtained are compared with the cryoapplicator characteristics cooled by nitrogen dioxide that are currently used for the atrial fibrillation treatment. Data analysis confirmed the liquid nitrogen cryoapplicators effectiveness and made it possible to highlight their advantages.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose in Acidic [Bmim]Otf: A Mechanism Model of Product Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhishuncheng Li ◽  
GuangFei Qu ◽  
Yanhua He ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Ruosong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Pyrolysis Behavior ◽  
Product Evolution ◽  
The Media

Abstract In this paper, we studied the catalytic pyrolysis behavior of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) in catalytic systems with acidic [Bmim]OTf as the media at temperatures of 140°C, 180°C, 220°C, 260°C, and 300°C. The pyrolysis behavior was investigated via SEM, XRD, FTIR, and GC-MS. During the catalysis of [Bmim]OTf, the pyrolysis temperature of MC was reduced to 140°C significantly and the crystalline structure of MC was destroyed rapidly. The novel synergistic catalytic effect of CF3SO3- and [Bmim]+ was discovered, which may lead to MC-selective cleavage of glycosidic, C-C, C-O, and C-H bonds, accompanied by new bond formation, which showed the production of many small molecular compounds. Furthermore, a novel mechanism model of evolution in [Bmim]OTf at low temperature was developed from a microscopic point of view. This research had obvious significance for the mechanism of directional regulation of target products, finally realizing the high efficiency utilization of biomass.

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