EFFECT OF SEED FILLING AND RELEASING ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPOUND VACUUM SEED METERING DEVICE

In this paper, taking compound air-suction seed metering device as the subject, the effect rule of seed filling angle and seed releasing angle on the performance of seed filling and seed metering is studied. An indoor test was conducted with a JPS-12 metering test bench and a high-speed camera system. The starting and ending angles of the air chamber were changed by adjusting the regulating plate, that is, the angles of seed filling and seed releasing, and the filling and seed metering performance was taken as evaluation indexes. The test results show that: the seed filling angle has significant effect on the seed filling effect, and the miss fill index decreases with the increase of the quality of fill index. When the seed filling angle exceeds 50°, they will stabilize gradually ending at the multiple fill index of 0%. The negative pressure and operating speed are interactive and have a significant effect on filling performance. The seed releasing angle has significant effect on the metering performance. With the increase of the angle, the quality of feed index increases firstly and then decreases. The multiple index and miss index are opposite to the quality of feed index which is the max at the seed releasing angle of 39.5°. The negative pressure and forward speed are interactive and have a significant effect on metering performance. The quality of feed index under the same condition is lower than that of fill index.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Waste Valve Load and the Volume of Air Chamber on the Performance of the Hydraulic Ram Pump (Hydram) to Water the Paddy Field in Pakandangan, Padang Pariaman Regency

This 2019 DIPA Grand’s research designed and fabricated the size of hydraulic ram (hydram) pump utilized in Pakandangan, Padang Pariaman Regency. There is a water source in this area which has not been functioned adequately to irrigate the paddy field of 10 hectares due to the location of the paddy field which is higher than the water source. However, the use of designed hydram pump has no been maximized as the pump’s optimal performance was not determined yet. Therefore, a hydram pump was designed by varying the load of waste valve in the weight of 400 g, 600 g, 800 g, 1,000 g, and 1,200 gr. It was also varied in the volume of the chamber when the pump operated which were 4.86 lt, 5.76 lt, 6.48 lt, 7.29 lt, and 8.1lt. The height (Hd) of the inlet pipe was 1 m, and the lift height (Hs) of the outlet pipe was 5 m. The results obtained from Pump performance increases with increasing cylinder volume. The increase in the load of the exhaust valve volume of the tube remains a significant decrease. Hydram pump performance occurs at a load of 400 g with a tube volume of 8.1 l with an efficiency of 53%

Soft Pneumatic Fingertip Actuator Incorporating a Dual Air Chamber to Generate Multi-Mode Simultaneous Tactile Feedback

A complete set of diverse haptic feedbacks is essential for a highly realistic and immersive virtual environment. In this sense, a multi-mode haptic interface that simultaneously generates multiple kinds of haptic signals is highly desirable. In this paper, we propose a new silicone-made pneumatically controlled fingertip actuator to render pressure and vibrotactile feedback concurrently to offer a realistic and effective haptic sensation. A new silicone-based stacked dual-layer air chamber was designed. The volume of the chambers is controlled by pneumatic valves with compressed air tanks. The top/upper air chamber renders vibration feedback, whereas the bottom/lower air chamber renders pressure feedback. The proposed silicone-made fingertip actuator is designed so that it can be easily worn at the fingertips. To demonstrate the potential of the system, a virtual environment for rendering three different types of haptic textures was implemented. Extensive performance evaluation and user studies were carried out to demonstrate the proposed actuator’s effectiveness compared to an actuator with single vibrotactile feedback.

Reproductive toxicological changes in avian embryos due to a pesticide and an environmental contaminant

Single and simultaneous toxic effects of glyphosate (Amega Up, 360 g L−1, 4%) and copper sulphate (0.01%) were studied in avian embryos treated either with injection directly into the air chamber or by immersion application for 30 min on day 0 of incubation. Alterations of the chicken embryos were evaluated during necropsy performed on day 19 of incubation, together with mortality, body weight and the type of developmental abnormalities. Based on the results, the injection application appeared to be more toxic than the immersion method, as it induced increased mortality and reduced the average body weight, and resulted in a higher incidence of congenital anomalies. Supposedly, a toxicodynamic interaction occurs between copper sulphate and glyphosate, which may reduce the vitality of embryos and thus decrease the number of offspring in wild birds.

Biomass Stove Design Based Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Design For Manufacture And Assembly (DFMA)

This study aims to design a biomass stove as a solution for lack of LPG gas in the community in Batu Panjang, Rupat Island, Riau. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is used in this study by elaborating consumer needs through public opinion needs (questionnaire survey) and elaboration of the characteristics of consumer needs. A House of Quality (HoQ) matrix was created to determine the technical characteristics for design analysis of biomass stove and designed using the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA). The result was a development of "Biomass Stove", which consists of a funnel for fuel, a fire funnel, a filter and an air chamber. The funnel chamber, which the fuel was made the insulation channel and the joining of the fire connector, forms an angle to increase the heat flow to funnel fuel and reduce the heat loss during cooking. The stove design is made safe, comfortable for users and environmentally friendly due to the existence of a filter and air chamber cover. The biomass stove was designed portable, and then it was light and easy to move around.

Reducing the Effects of Water Hammer Phenomenon in Pipelines by Changing the Closing Rate of Line Break Valve (LBV)

Line break valves in pipelines are using to prevent environmental hazards caused by the entry of the fluid into the surrounding. The operation of these valves leads to sudden changes in pressure and velocity, resulting in the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon. The water hammer pressure will cause serious problems such as the destruction of pipelines and transmission line equipment and tools. Due to the salinity of water, when a fracture occurs, the amount of water that enters the surrounding is environmentally essential, so the use of several LBVs is vital. This paper investigated a water transmission line with a total length of 337 km that transfers saline water from Khoor Moosa to Azadegan plain. This study discussed the closing of the valve at different rates and the solution to reduce its destructive effects. WaterGEMS V8i software and Hammer V8i software are respectively using to perform a steady flow simulation and damping flow analysis for this phenomenon. The results obtained from the steady-state flow simulation is the initial conditions in the damping flow calculations. Then, by reducing the closing rate of the valve in 6 different scenarios, the volume of air chambers decreased. Finally, the results led to creating a linear relationship between the valve closing rate and the capacity of the air chamber. The optimal model for this rate depends on reducing the construction cost as well as the environmental hazards caused by discharged water.

Microphysical Characteristics and Environmental Isotope Effects of the Micro-Droplet Groups under the Action of Acoustic Waves

Acoustics can cause particles/droplets to agglomerate in the air medium, thereby accelerating gravity sedimentation. To assess the microphysical characteristics and environmental isotope effects of micro-droplet groups under the action of acoustic waves, an air chamber experimental platform was established, and 100 groups of controlled experiments were conducted. The characteristic particle size, size spectrum, isotope values, corresponding linear relationships with hydrogen and oxygen, and d values were analyzed. The isotope exchange equation between the micro-droplet groups and environmental water vapor inside the air chamber was investigated. The results showed that the peak size values of the micro-droplet groups increased under the action of acoustic waves. The characteristic particle size (D90) showed a “trigger effect” with the acoustic operation with a positive deviation in the size spectrum and isotope exchange between the micro-droplet groups and environmental water vapor. The relative variations in theoretical values for different sedimentation conditions were consistent with those of the experimental results. Environment isotopes could be used to trace the acoustic agglomeration process of micro-droplets in the future.

Strategi Mengatasi Penyebab Surging Mesin Diesel Penggerak Utama di MT. ONTARI

Turbocharger is a component to increase the amount of air that enters the cylinder by using exhaust gas energy. Very high quality gas turbocharger.The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis techniques use the SWOT method to analyze the factors that cause surging of the Main Movers Diesel Engine and the efforts made to overcome the factors associated with strengthening, weakness, opportunities, and protection.Based on the results of research conducted by researchers, the cause of the rise in Diesel Engine The main driving force is caused by two factors, namely the escape of compression during combustion due to oversize cylinder liner and spare parts of the main engine supply on the ship is hampered. To overcome the factors that can be done using cylinder liner that has been oversized, reducing the rotation of the main engine so that the exhaust gas is more stable, reducing the consumption of cylinder oil to reduce sludge in the rinse air chamber, using a blower to be manual to increase the rinse air to normal pressure during the engine operation, reconditioning the spare parts Parent engines such as crown pistons and piston rings by repairing so that they can be used again temporarily waiting for parts to arrive on board, and making spare parts purchases with boat money on spare parts that are lightweight and inexpensive for maintenance and repair of main engine spare parts.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Vibration Suppression of Spray Boom-Air Suspension for Medium and Small-Scale High-Clearance Sprayers

Medium and small-scale high-clearance sprayers are widely applied in medium and small-scale farms. Owing to power and load limitations, it is difficult to manage the complex system for suppressing spray boom vibration. This study was conducted to design a spray boom-air suspension system suitable for medium and small-size high-clearance sprayers by combining spray boom vibration suppression and the characteristics of air spring charging/discharging. Thus, this study aims to address the non-homogeneous distribution of spray triggered by the spray boom vibrations in medium and small high-clearance sprayers. The effects of different elastic elements on the vibration suppression effect of the spray boom were compared. According to the bench test, the dynamic response results of the spray boom under transient and sinusoidal excitations indicate that air spring is more conducive to vibration suppression than coil spring. The results obtained from the field experiments indicate that under the low solid soil condition, the spray boom air suspension should match a small additional air chamber with a volume of approximately 0.6 L, and the damping coefficient of the damper should be approximately 1792 N·s/m. In the case of the high firm soil, the spray boom air suspension should match a large additional air chamber with a volume of approximately 3.6 L, while the damping coefficient of the damper should be set to approximately 1316 N·s/m. The soil with low moisture content and high firmness are unfavorable to the vibration suppression of the spray boom. This study provides a reference for enhancing the vibration suppression of the spray boom-air suspension and improving the spray uniformity of the sprayer.