scholarly journals A potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism for novel electronic skins

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eaba1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Maruf Ahmed ◽  
Yasser Khan ◽  
Margaret E. Payne ◽  
Juan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Machine Interface

Human skin perceives external mechanical stimuli by sensing the variation in the membrane potential of skin sensory cells. Many scientists have attempted to recreate skin functions and develop electronic skins (e-skins) based on active and passive sensing mechanisms. Inspired by the skin sensory behavior, we investigated materials and electronic devices that allow us to encode mechanical stimuli into potential differences measured between two electrodes, resulting in a potentiometric mechanotransduction mechanism. We present here a potentiometric mechanotransducer that is fabricated through an all-solution processing approach. This mechanotransducer shows ultralow-power consumption, highly tunable sensing behavior, and capability to detect both static and low-frequency dynamic mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, we developed two novel classes of sensing devices, including strain-insensitive sensors and single-electrode-mode e-skins, which are challenging to achieve using the existing methods. This mechanotransduction mechanism has broad impact on robotics, prosthetics, and health care by providing a much improved human-machine interface.

scholarly journals Systematic Review on Human Skin-Compatible Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2313
Author(s):  
Inho Lee ◽  
Nakkyun Park ◽  
Hanbee Lee ◽  
Chuljin Hwang ◽  
Joo Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

The rapid advances in human-friendly and wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors have facilitated the continuous and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions, enabling self-health care without being restricted by location. In this paper, we focus on state-of-the-art skin-compatible PPG sensors and strategies to obtain accurate and stable sensing of biological signals adhered to human skin along with light-absorbing semiconducting materials that are classified as silicone, inorganic, and organic absorbers. The challenges of skin-compatible PPG-based monitoring technologies and their further improvements are also discussed. We expect that such technological developments will accelerate accurate diagnostic evaluation with the aid of the biomedical electronic devices.

A Study on the Fine Structure of the Lateral Line Organ of the Sea Eel

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
K. Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Transmission Electron

The lateral line organs of the sea eel consist of canal and pit organs which are different in function. The former is a low frequency vibration detector whereas the latter functions as an ion receptor as well as a mechano receptor.The fine structure of the sensory epithelia of both organs were studied by means of ordinary transmission electron microscope, high voltage electron microscope and of surface scanning electron microscope.The sensory cells of the canal organ are polarized in front-caudal direction and those of the pit organ are polarized in dorso-ventral direction. The sensory epithelia of both organs have thinner surface coats compared to the surrounding ordinary epithelial cells, which have very thick fuzzy coatings on the apical surface.

Terrorism-Related Chemical, Biological, Radiation, and Nuclear Attacks: A Historical Global Comparison Influencing the Emergence of Counter-Terrorism Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Derrick Tin ◽  
Fredrik Granholm ◽  
Alexander Hart ◽  
Gregory R. Ciottone
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Abstract Background: Terrorist attacks are growing in complexity, increasing concerns around the use of chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear (CBRN) agents. This has led to increasing interest in Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) as a Disaster Medicine (DM) sub-specialty. This study aims to provide the epidemiology of CBRN use in terrorism, to detail specific agents used, and to develop training programs for responders. Methods: The open-source Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was searched for all CBRN attacks from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2018. Attacks were included if they fulfilled the terrorism-related criteria as set by the GTD’s Codebook. Ambiguous events or those meeting only partial criteria were excluded. The database does not include acts of state terrorism. Results: There were 390 total CBRN incidents, causing 930 total fatal injuries (FI) and 14,167 total non-fatal injuries (NFI). A total of 347 chemical attacks (88.9% of total) caused 921 FI (99.0%) and 13,361 NFI (94.3%). Thirty-one biological attacks (8.0%) caused nine FI (1.0%) and 806 NFI (5.7%). Twelve radiation attacks (3.1%) caused zero FI and zero NFI. There were no nuclear attacks. The use of CBRN accounted for less than 0.3% of all terrorist attacks and is a high-risk, low-frequency attack methodology. The Taliban was implicated in 40 of the 347 chemical events, utilizing a mixture of agents including unconfirmed chemical gases (grey literature suggests white phosphorous and chlorine), contaminating water sources with pesticides, and the use of corrosive acid. The Sarin gas attack in Tokyo contributed to 5,500 NFI. Biological attacks accounted for 8.0% of CBRN attacks. Anthrax was used or suspected in 20 of the 31 events, followed by salmonella (5), ricin (3), fecal matter (1), botulinum toxin (1), and HIV (1). Radiation attacks accounted for 3.1% of CBRN attacks. Monazite was used in 10 of the 12 events, followed by iodine 131 (1) and undetermined irradiated plates (1). Conclusion: Currently, CBRN are low-frequency, high-impact attack modalities and remain a concern given the rising rate of terrorist events. Counter-Terrorism Medicine is a developing DM sub-specialty focusing on the mitigation of health care risks from such events. First responders and health care workers should be aware of historic use of CBRN weapons regionally and globally, and should train and prepare to respond appropriately.

A Design of an Embedded System for Neural Machine Interface of Artificial Legs

2010 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 405-410
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Health Care Management ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Machine Interface

THIS PAPER HAS BEEN REMOVED due to Plagiarism by Gao Guohong et al.The original paper was published by IEEEDesign and Implementation of an Embedded System for Neural-ControlledArtificial Legs》, published in International Conference of 《2010 IEEEWorkshop on Health Care Management》in February, 2010 by Lin An, ZhangXiaorong, Huang He and Yang Qing.http://www.ele.uri.edu/linc/htm/WHCM_Paper27Regular.pdf

scholarly journals Assessment of Primary Health Care in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Brazilian Locality of the International Triple Frontier

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho ◽  
Anneliese Domingues Wysocki ◽  
Lúcia Marina Scatena ◽  
Erika Simone Galvão Pinto ◽  
Aline Ale Beraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Process Component ◽  
International Border ◽  
Validated Instrument

Objective:To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality.Methods:The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory.Results:The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control.Conclusion:The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases.

scholarly journals The World of Orthodontic apps.

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Nikhilesh R. Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Health Care Industry ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Play

The usage of the portable electronic devices such as the smartphones and handheld tablets has increased over the years, and this is true in the health-care industry also. This is because of the development of various patient management softwares. The use of apps to manage, educate, and inform patient is not uncommon among orthodontists nowadays. The aim of this article was to review the various apps available on the Google Play Store and iOS Apple Store for orthodontists and patients. Four smartphones using orthodontically relevant keywords such as orthodontics, orthodontists, and braces were searched and reviewed in detail. Out of the 354 orthodontically relevant apps available in both Android and Apple operating systems, the apps could be categorized as orthodontist-related apps or patient-related apps. Under these categories they could be further classified as practice managements apps, patient education apps, model analysis apps, tooth material calculators, patient reminder apps, etc.

scholarly journals Review on the Millimeter-Wave Generation Techniques Based on Photon Assisted for the RoF Network System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Xiao ◽  
Chuang Zhao ◽  
Xingxing Feng ◽  
Xu Dong ◽  
Jiangli Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Wave Generation ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Network System ◽  
High Frequency Microwave

With the development trend of wireless and broadband in the communication link and even the whole information industry, the demand of high-frequency microwave bandwidth has been increasing. The RoF network system solves the problem of spectrum congestion in low-frequency band by providing an effective technology for the distribution of high-frequency microwave signals over optical fiber links. However, the traditional mm-wave generation technique is limited by the bandwidth of electronic devices. It is difficult to generate high-frequency and low-phase noise mm-wave signals with pure electrical components. The mm-wave communication technology based on photon assisted can overcome the bandwidth bottleneck of electronic devices and provide the potential for developing the low-cost infrastructure demand of broadband mobile services. This paper will briefly explain the characteristics of the RoF network system and the advantages of high-frequency mm-wave. Then we, respectively, introduce the modulation schemes of RoF mm-wave generation based on photon assisted including directly modulated laser (DML), external modulation, and optical heterodyne. The review mainly focuses on a variety of different mm-wave generation technologies including multifrequency vector mm-wave. Furthermore, we list several approaches to realize the large capacity data transmission techniques and describe the digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm flow in the receiver. In the end, we summarize the RoF network system and look forward to the future.

Electrical Resistive Spiking of Fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Alessandro Chiolerio ◽  
Georgios Sirakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Average Width ◽  
C 23 ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Low Amplitude

We study long-term electrical resistance dynamics in mycelium and fruit bodies of oyster fungi P. ostreatus. A nearly homogeneous sheet of mycelium on the surface of a growth substrate exhibits trains of resistance spikes. The average width of spikes is c. 23[Formula: see text]min and the average amplitude is c. 1[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text]. The distance between neighboring spikes in a train of spikes is c. 30[Formula: see text]min. Typically, there are 4–6 spikes in a train of spikes. Two types of electrical resistance spikes trains are found in fruit bodies: low frequency and high amplitude (28[Formula: see text]min spike width, 1.6[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] amplitude, 57[Formula: see text]min distance between spikes) and high frequency and low amplitude (10[Formula: see text]min width, 0.6[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] amplitude, 44[Formula: see text]min distance between spikes). The findings could be applied in monitoring of physiological states of fungi and future development of living electronic devices and sensors.

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