scholarly journals New genus of extinct Holocene gibbon associated with humans in Imperial China

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (6395) ◽  
pp. 1346-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Turvey ◽  
Kristoffer Bruun ◽  
Alejandra Ortiz ◽  
James Hansford ◽  
Songmei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Extinct Genus

Although all extant apes are threatened with extinction, there is no evidence for human-caused extinctions of apes or other primates in postglacial continental ecosystems, despite intensive anthropogenic pressures associated with biodiversity loss for millennia in many regions. Here, we report a new, globally extinct genus and species of gibbon, Junzi imperialis, described from a partial cranium and mandible from a ~2200- to 2300-year-old tomb from Shaanxi, China. Junzi can be differentiated from extant hylobatid genera and the extinct Quaternary gibbon Bunopithecus by using univariate and multivariate analyses of craniodental morphometric data. Primates are poorly represented in the Chinese Quaternary fossil record, but historical accounts suggest that China may have contained an endemic ape radiation that has only recently disappeared.

Managing the Risk of Crisis in Public Finance in Asia: a Pre-study on the Fiscal Mentality of Imperial China and its Surrounding Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chun Lan ◽  
Norio Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Historical Accounts

A financial crisis can somehow imply an aspect of social crisis but a social crisis usually reflects the crisis of the society per se, and therefore the historical and cultural background as well as the legal and financial system therefrom. In the case of Asia, the context should add another storyline of the reception and integration of western ideas, including, inter alia, justification of taxation and its implication on government intervention. This paper examines such elements in the form of dialogue with historical accounts of traditional Chinese thoughts.

The middle lower Cambrian (Ovetian)Lunagraulosn. gen. from Spain and the oldest trilobite records

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELADIO LIÑÁN ◽  
JOSÉ ANTONIO GÁMEZ VINTANED ◽  
RODOLFO GOZALO
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe type material ofAgraulos antiquusSdzuy, 1961 from the La Herrería Formation, northern Spain, is revised together with additional material and included in the new genusLunagraulos. The stratigraphical range ofLunagraulos antiquus(Sdzuy, 1961) – occurring below that of the trilobite species of the generaLunolenus,MetadoxidesandDolerolenusin the type locality of Los Barrios de Luna in the province of León, northern Spain – and the accompanying ichnofossil assemblage demonstrate an Ovetian age (lower part of Cambrian Stage 3, currently being discussed by the International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy) for this species. Moreover, the trilobiteLunagraulos tamamensisn. gen. n. sp. is found in the Tamames Sandstone near the village of La Rinconada in the province of Salamanca, central Spain. The biostratigraphical position of this new taxon and its accompanying ichnoassemblage is also analysed and assigned to the lowermost Ovetian Stage. The genusLunagraulosis therefore the oldest agraulid found in the fossil record. The exceptional presence ofLunagraulosin a marine coarse siliciclastic succession – a facies rather typical for the ichnofossilsCruzianaandRusophycus, some of the oldest signs of trilobite activity – suggests that first trilobite representatives may have inhabited high- to middle-energy, marine environments. This hypothesis may also explain both the taxonomic and biostratigraphic heterogeneity of the first trilobite genera appearing across the world, due to preservation problems in this type of facies. Comparison of theLunagraulos biostratigraphy with other coeval Spanish fossil assemblages allows us to propose its intercontinental correlation with the oldest records of currently known trilobites.

The oldest Diptera (Insecta) from the Upper Buntsandstein (early Middle Triassic) of Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
ELENA D. LUKASHEVICH
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Franconia ◽  
Grès À Voltzia ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

The fossil record of Triassic Diptera is still poor, with the oldest dipteran assemblage described from the Upper Buntsandstein of the ‘Grès à Voltzia’ Formation (early Anisian, France). From the stratigraphically closest insect fauna of the Röt Formation of Lower Franconia, Germany, the first Diptera, Bashkonia franconica gen. et sp. nov. is described based on an isolated wing. The new genus is assigned to the family Nadipteridae, bridging the gap between two other genera included.  

A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2063 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN ◽  
S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
New Genus And Species

A new genus and species Allorapisma chuorum gen. sp. nov. is described from the Early Eocene locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A. The forewing venation of Allorapisma is most similar to that of the genus Principiala Makarkin & Menon from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Britain. A new, informal suprageneric taxon consisting of these genera is proposed, the Principiala group. The habitats of extant and fossil Ithonidae are briefly discussed.

On the ancestry of woodrats

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1564-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Martin ◽  
Richard J Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fourth Root ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
Coniferous Ecosystems

Abstract We evaluated the fossil record of extinct and extant woodrats, and generated a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis of woodrat origins and relationships based on these data. The galushamyinin cricetines are redefined and reclassified as a subtribe of the Neotomini, including Repomys, Miotomodon, Galushamys, Nelsonia, and a new extinct genus with two new species. The geographic distribution of Nelsonia, restricted to montane coniferous forests of western Mexico, suggests that this subtribe was mostly confined to western coniferous ecosystems or similar ecosystems at lower elevation during glacial advances. A second subtribe of the Neotomini includes a new archaic genus and species, Neotoma, Hodomys, and Xenomys. Lindsaymys, a possible neotominin from the late Clarendonian (late Miocene) of California, demonstrates an occlusal morphology consistent with ancestry for the Neotomini, but the presence of a fourth root on M1 is problematic and may preclude the known populations from filling that role. Molars identified as Neotoma sp. from the Hemphillian (latest Miocene or early Pliocene) Rancho el Ocote assemblage of Guanajuato, Mexico, may represent the earliest Xenomys. Extant Neotoma species with a bilobed m3 appear to have originated subsequent to about 2.0 Ma, whereas Hodomys alleni and Xenomys nelsoni likely originated earlier from one or more extinct ancestors with an S-shaped m3.

scholarly journals <i>Praecypridea</i>: a new non-marine ostracod genus from the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe, North and South America, and Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sames ◽  
Robin Whatley ◽  
Michael E. Schudack
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract. The genus Praecypridea gen. nov. (Cypridoidea, Family Cyprideidae Martin, 1940) is described and thus far comprises four species: the type species Praecypridea acuticyatha (Schudack, 1998) comb. nov., Praecypridea postelongata (Oertli, 1957) comb. nov., Praecypridea suprajurassica (Mojon, Haddoumi &amp; Charriére, 2009) comb. nov. and Praecypridea acuta (Moos, 1959 in Wicher, 1959) comb. nov. Representatives of the new genus have been described from the Middle to Late Jurassic of Europe, North America and Africa and the Early Cretaceous of South America, with other presumed representatives also occurring in the Early Cretaceous. Species of Praecypridea are considered to represent members of the ancestral lineage of the extinct genus Cypridea Bosquet, representatives of which flourished in non-marine habitats of latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age and account for the first period of abundance of the non-marine Cypridoidea.

Paleocene diversification of bucciniform gastropods on Seymour Island, Antarctica

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton E. Oleinik ◽  
William J. Zinsmeister
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Seymour Island

Following the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous, the marine molluscan faunas of the high southern latitudes underwent a marked period of diversification during the early Paleocene. The appearance of four new species belonging to the new genus Seymourosphaera, tentatively placed in the subfamily Pseudolivinae, from the lower Paleocene strata of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, clearly illustrates the post-Cretaceous extinction diversification. The abrupt radiation of the buccinids during the early Paleocene, was also apparently related to geographic isolation of Antarctica during final breakup of Gondwana. Comparative analysis of shell morphology of Seymourosphaera, new genus reveals close morphologic similarities, not only with taxa within Pseudolivinae, but also with several genera and subgenera belonging to the families Buccinidae and Nassariidae. However, incompleteness of the fossil record and a “generalized” shell morphology make difficult establishment of unequivocal phylogenetic relationships for Seymourosphaera. A taxonomic review of most closely related, and possibly ancestral genus Austrosphaera Camacho, 1949, is provided. The following new species of genus Seymourosphaera new genus are described: Seymourosphaera bulloides new species, S. subglobosa new species, S. depressa new species, and S. elevata new species.

A new characiform fish (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) from the Eocene of Tanzania

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
Caudal Skeleton ◽  
Weberian Apparatus ◽  
Fossil Fish

Four specimens of a small fossil fish were collected from the Eocene Mahenge site of Tanzania. The specimens, preserved as part and counterpart natural moulds, are identified, predominantly based on the structure of the caudal skeleton, as members of the Characiformes, probably the sister group to the living African Alestidae. The area just behind the skull, in the two specimens that include this area, is distorted, and therefore it is difficult to identify the bones of the Weberian apparatus, although that structure does appear to be present. The fossil record of characiforms includes few articulated skeletons, with only one other African species previously reported from much younger deposits. The new specimens from Mahenge are described here as a new genus and species, Mahengecharax carrolli.

A new genus and species of spoon-winged lacewing from the Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NEL ◽  
CRISTIAN PELLA
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Stem Group

The lacewing family Nemopteridae Burmeister, 1839 is very poorly represented in the fossil record with three Early Cretaceous genera of uncertain affinities from the Brazilian Crato Formation, one ‘mid’-Cretaceous representative of the stem group of the Crocinae Navás, 1910 in the Burmese amber, and two Cenozoic nemopterine genera Marquettia Navás, 1913 (late Eocene-early Oligocene) and Paleonemia Claisse et al., 2019 (middle Oligocene). Also two undetermined Nemopterinae are recorded from the late Eocene and the Oligocene (Lu et al., 2019a: Table 1; Claisse et al., 2019).

A new tribe, new genus and two new species of Barbourofelinae (Felidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of East Africa and Spain

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Morales ◽  
M. J. Salesa ◽  
M. Pickford ◽  
D. Soria
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Felid Species

ABSTRACTA new genus and species of felid, Ginsburgsmilus napakensis, is described from Napak, Uganda. Material from Songhor, Kenya, previously identified as Afrosmilus turkanae by Schmidt-Kittler (1987) is assigned to this species. A new species of Afrosmilus, A. hispanicus, is described from Artesilla, Spain. These new felid species combine sabre-tooth canines of maochairodont type with cheek teeth similar to those of Pseudailurus. Phylogenetically they are close to Afrosmilus turkanae which shows a greater specialisation towards markedly machairodont forms. On the basis of dental features, we propose a close relationship between these two genera (which we group into the new tribe Afrosmilini) and the tribe Barbourofelini (Sansanosmilus and Barbourofelis), the transition between the two being represented in the fossil record by Prosansanosmilus peregrinus Heizmann et al. 1980.

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