Determination of Hg binding forms in contaminated soils and sediments: state of the art and a case study approaching abandoned mercury mines from Mt. Amiata (Siena, Italy)

2011 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Malferrari ◽  
Maria Franca Brigatti ◽  
Chiara Elmi ◽  
Angela Laurora
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Binding Forms ◽  
Soils And Sediments

scholarly journals Co-composting: An Opportunity to Produce Compost with Designated Tailor-Made Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Laura Giagnoni ◽  
Tania Martellini ◽  
Roberto Scodellini ◽  
Alessandra Cincinelli ◽  
Giancarlo Renella
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Set Up

AbstractCo-composting is a technique that allows the aerobic degradation of organic waste mixtures, primarily aiming at obtaining compost that can be used as fertiliser or soil amendment. As compared to the typical composting activity, the main difference is not merely the use of more than one feedstock to start and sustain the biodegradation process, but also the possibility of combining various kinds of waste to obtain ‘tailored’ products with designed properties, or to reclaim and valorise natural resources, such as degraded soils or polluted soils and sediments. Set up of appropriate co-composting protocols can be a way to optimise the management of waste produced by different sectors of agriculture and industry and also from human settlements. Different formulations can not only optimise the biodegradation process through the adjustment of nutrient ratios, but also lead to the formation of products with innovative properties. Moreover, co-composting can be a technique of choice for the reclamation of soils degraded by intensive agriculture or contaminated soils and sediments. In fact, an appropriate mix of organic waste and soils can restore the soil structure and induce fertility in nutrient-depleted soils, and also remediate polluted soils and sediments through degradation of organic pollutants and stabilisation of heavy metals. While the selection of different mixes of organic waste may lead to the design of composts with specific properties and the potential valorisation of selected waste materials, there are still several factors that hamper the development of co-composting platforms, mainly insufficient knowledge of some chemical and microbiological processes, but also some legislative aspects. This chapter illustrates the progress achieved in co-composting technology worldwide, some key legislative aspects related to the co-composting process, the main scientific and technical aspects that deserve research attention to further develop co-composting technology, and successful applications of co-composting for the reclamation of soils and sediments, allowing their use for cultivation or as growing media in plant nurseries. A specific case study of the production of fertile plant-growing media from sediment co-composting with green waste is also illustrated.

Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]Cl2, a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 6236-6253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latévi M. Lawson Daku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Vibrational Properties ◽  
Polypyridyl Complexes ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

LS and HS IR spectra of aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and corresponding HS–LS difference IR spectrum as obtained from state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations applied to the determination of the structural and vibrational properties of the solvated complex.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

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