Disposition for Bark beetle Infestation of Spruce Stands with New-type Forest Damage Symptoms in the Thuringian Forest (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Prien ◽  
Falk Stähr ◽  
Fritz Kost ◽  
Tilo Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
New Type ◽  
Damage Symptoms

scholarly journals Monitoring Bark Beetle Forest Damage in Central Europe. A Remote Sensing Approach Validated with Field Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Fernandez-Carrillo ◽  
Zdeněk Patočka ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
Antonio Franco-Nieto ◽  
Beatriz Revilla-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Damage Mapping ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
Forest Vitality ◽  
Sentinel 2

Over the last decades, climate change has triggered an increase in the frequency of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in Central Europe. More than 50% of forests in the Czech Republic are seriously threatened by this pest, leading to high ecological and economic losses. The exponential increase of bark beetle infestation hinders the implementation of costly field campaigns to prevent and mitigate its effects. Remote sensing may help to overcome such limitations as it provides frequent and spatially continuous data on vegetation condition. Using Sentinel-2 images as main input, two models have been developed to test the ability of this data source to map bark beetle damage and severity. All models were based on a change detection approach, and required the generation of previous forest mask and dominant species maps. The first damage mapping model was developed for 2019 and 2020, and it was based on bi-temporal regressions in spruce areas to estimate forest vitality and bark beetle damage. A second model was developed for 2020 considering all forest area, but excluding clear-cuts and completely dead areas, in order to map only changes in stands dominated by alive trees. The three products were validated with in situ data. All the maps showed high accuracies (acc > 0.80). Accuracy was higher than 0.95 and F1-score was higher than 0.88 for areas with high severity, with omission errors under 0.09 in all cases. This confirmed the ability of all the models to detect bark beetle attack at the last phases. Areas with no damage or low severity showed more complex results. The no damage category yielded greater commission errors and relative bias (CEs = 0.30–0.42, relB = 0.42–0.51). The similar results obtained for 2020 leaving out clear-cuts and dead trees proved that the proposed methods could be used to help forest managers fight bark beetle pests. These biotic damage products based on Sentinel-2 can be set up for any location to derive regular forest vitality maps and inform of early damage.

scholarly journals Spruce Beetle Population Suppression in Northern Utah

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bentz ◽  
A. S. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Population Suppression

Abstract The spruce beetle is a widely dispersed, native bark beetle that attacks and kills North American spruces. We describe a project that was initiated to suppress an endemic spruce beetle population in an isolated 1000 ac area of spruce in northeastern Utah. Techniques used included baited pheromone traps, selective harvesting and burning of infested trees, and trap trees. Over the 3 yr period of monitoring, the number of standing, currently infested spruce trees was reduced 91%. Field surveys and data trends, in comparison with a nearby spruce beetle population that continued to increase, indicate that the treatments played a major role in decreasing the trend of spruce beetle-infested trees during the study period. This combination of suppression techniques was successful due to the isolated nature of the spruce stands, early detection of the beetle population, accessibility of the stands, and coordinated efforts of local, state, and federal agencies. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):122-128.

scholarly journals Acute Drought Is an Important Driver of Bark Beetle Infestation in Austrian Norway Spruce Stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Netherer ◽  
Bernd Panassiti ◽  
Josef Pennerstorfer ◽  
Bradley Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals A Retrospective Assessment of Partial Cutting to Reduce Spruce Beetle-Caused Mortality in the Southern Rocky Mountains

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
José F. Negron ◽  
A. Steven Munson ◽  
John A. Anhold
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Stand Density Index

Abstract Tree susceptibility to bark beetle-caused mortality has been linked to stand characteristics such as basal area (BA) and average tree size, factors that can be manipulated through partial cutting. There is no experimental evidence, however, demonstrating the efficacy of partial cutting in spruce type. Such experiments are very difficult to complete because of the inability to manipulate bark beetle populations needed to challenge treated stands. To circumvent this difficulty, we identified spruce stands that were partially cut (for nonexperimental reasons) in advance ofbeetle activity and compared beetle-caused mortality to that in nearby spruce stands that were not treated. Treated stands had fewer infested stems and less infested BA than untreated stands, as well as smaller proportions of infested stems and BA. Untreated stands, however, had more residualspruce stems and BA than treated stands. Most of this difference was among stems 3–11 in. dbh with little difference in survivorship among larger stems. Spruce regeneration was not significantly different among treated and untreated stands. Spruce stand density index, spruce BA, and the number of spruce stems >11 in. dbh were the stand variables most strongly correlated with host mortality measurements. Insect population pressure appears to influence the degree of protection to residual spruce following partial cutting.

scholarly journals Variability of Selected Traits of Ips Typographus (L.) (Col.: Scolytinae) Populations In Beskid Żwiecki (Western Carpathians, Poland) Region Affected By Bark Beetle Outbreak

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Grodzki ◽  
Jerzy R. Starzyk ◽  
Mieczysław Kosibowicz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Gallery System ◽  
Infestation Density ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Very High

Abstract In 2010-2012, investigations on Ips typographus populations were carried out in Norway spruce stands recently affected by bark beetle outbreak in the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. in Poland. The aim of the study was to test the usefulness of several traits describing I. typographus populations for evaluation of their actual outbreak tendency. Infestation density, sex ratio, gallery length, progeny number and beetle length were used as the traits. Trait variability was analyzed in relation to infested tree mortality in the current year of observation and outbreak tendency defined by the comparison of data on tree mortality in the current year and that in the year before. The highest infestation density was found in the stands representing the highest tree mortality in the current year and in those characterized by decreasing outbreak tendency. The gallery system with 2 maternal galleries dominated. The sex ratio of attacking beetles inclined towards females (63.8%) and remained stable during 3 years of observations; the highest percentage of females was found in locations being in stabilization/latency outbreak phase. The length of maternal galleries was somewhat negatively affected by infestation density and positively correlated with the number of progeny in the gallery. The average beetle length was 4.800 mm (± 0.293), ranging between 3.718 and 5.817 mm and being the highest in the uppermost class of tree mortality recorded in the current year of observation. The shortest beetles were collected in the stands with increasing outbreak tendency, and slightly longer - in the stands with outbreak stable and decreasing tendencies. None of the traits tested can be selected as a direct indicator for prediction of outbreak tendency in I. typographus populations. Possible reasons of variability in the analyzed traits are discussed. The traits indicate that I. typographus in the study area represent very high reproductive potential, thus the risk of repeated outbreak is very high

scholarly journals Efficiency of Harvester with the Debarking Head at Logging in Spruce Stands Affected by Bark Beetle Outbreak

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Václav Mergl ◽  
Tomáš Zemánek ◽  
Marian Šušnjar ◽  
Jan Klepárník
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Spruce Stands

This paper deals with the use of debarking modifications of the conventional harvester head in the conditions of felling due to bark beetle calamity. For this purpose, a time study was established, in which the conventional heads were compared with the heads with debarking modifications on four research plots and two harvesters. The measurements were taken from August to September 2018. Harvester efficiency with the use of the head with the debarking configuration ranged from 41.2% to 41.8% from the efficiency of a machine with the conventional head, depending on the felling type. It was also demonstrated that the quality of debarking does not depend on the trunk moisture content in the growing season. In terms of diameter, it was found that the best debarked parts of the stem were those occurring in its middle. Specifically, in the central part of the stem with a diameter of 13 to 23 cm, 91.0% of the stem area was debarked in the main felling and 76.6% in the thinning. In contrast, the top parts of the stem (trunk diameter up to 13 cm) were the least debarked. In the main felling, it was 74.2% of the stem area and in the thinning, only 52.2%.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Grodzki
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Winter Time

A dramatic forest decline due to the bark beetle outbreak, which occurs in the Norway spruce stands in the Western Beskidy (southern Poland) since 2003, was started after severe physiological drought during winter time. An analysis describing some spatio-temporal characteristics of this process, with special regard to the patterns of bark beetle occurrence related to root fungal diseases, is presented. In 2003 the bark beetle occurrence level assessed as high and catastrophic was recorded on 40% of the area, while in 2006 – on 59%. The range of <I>Armillaria</I> root disease and bark beetle outbreak increased towards higher altitudes, including the zone above 1,000 m a.s.l. The wind damage in 2004 and 2007, and high temperatures in the summer 2006, further stimulated the increase in bark beetle populations level. Some conclusions on possible development of the outbreak and recommendations concerning related needs in forest protection, are given.

scholarly journals An attempt to use the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in forest protection against the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the field

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Grodzki ◽  
Mieczysław Kosibowicz
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

Abstract In 2011-2013, trials on the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against bark beetle (Ips typographus) populations were carried out under open field conditions in Norway spruce stands suffering from an outbreak in the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. in Poland. Modified pheromone traps were deployed to capture and thereafter release fungus-infected bark beetles to the forest environment. Infested spruce trees felled next to the traps remained unaffected by the transmission of the fungus to insect populations. Direct spraying or dusting of lying trap logs and suspended caged rearing bolts did not have any effect on spruce infestation by I. typographus, its reproduction success and development or natural enemies inside the bark. A very small effect on mortality rates of target as well as non-target insects overwintering in the dusted litter was observed. Treated stands, unlike control stands, were indirectly affected by the treatment, evidenced by the reduction of tree mortality due to bark beetle infestation. At present, no recommendations concerning the potential use of the fungus in forest protection can be given. However such an environmentally friendly approach represents a promising future prospect.

scholarly journals Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Bark Beetle Infestation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Milan Koreň ◽  
Rastislav Jakuš ◽  
Martin Zápotocký ◽  
Ivan Barka ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Mean

Machine learning algorithms (MLAs) are used to solve complex non-linear and high-dimensional problems. The objective of this study was to identify the MLA that generates an accurate spatial distribution model of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation spots. We first evaluated the performance of 2 linear (logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis), 4 non-linear (quadratic discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors classifier, Gaussian naive Bayes, support vector classification), and 4 decision trees-based MLAs (decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, extra trees classifier, gradient boosting classifier) for the study area (the Horní Planá region, Czech Republic) for the period 2003–2012. Each MLA was trained and tested on all subsets of the 8 explanatory variables (distance to forest damage spots from previous year, distance to spruce forest edge, potential global solar radiation, normalized difference vegetation index, spruce forest age, percentage of spruce, volume of spruce wood per hectare, stocking). The mean phi coefficient of the model generated by extra trees classifier (ETC) MLA with five explanatory variables for the period was significantly greater than that of most forest damage models generated by the other MLAs. The mean true positive rate of the best ETC-based model was 80.4%, and the mean true negative rate was 80.0%. The spatio-temporal simulations of bark beetle-infested forests based on MLAs and GIS tools will facilitate the development and testing of novel forest management strategies for preventing forest damage in general and bark beetle outbreaks in particular.

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