scholarly journals Efficiency of Harvester with the Debarking Head at Logging in Spruce Stands Affected by Bark Beetle Outbreak

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Václav Mergl ◽  
Tomáš Zemánek ◽  
Marian Šušnjar ◽  
Jan Klepárník
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Spruce Stands

This paper deals with the use of debarking modifications of the conventional harvester head in the conditions of felling due to bark beetle calamity. For this purpose, a time study was established, in which the conventional heads were compared with the heads with debarking modifications on four research plots and two harvesters. The measurements were taken from August to September 2018. Harvester efficiency with the use of the head with the debarking configuration ranged from 41.2% to 41.8% from the efficiency of a machine with the conventional head, depending on the felling type. It was also demonstrated that the quality of debarking does not depend on the trunk moisture content in the growing season. In terms of diameter, it was found that the best debarked parts of the stem were those occurring in its middle. Specifically, in the central part of the stem with a diameter of 13 to 23 cm, 91.0% of the stem area was debarked in the main felling and 76.6% in the thinning. In contrast, the top parts of the stem (trunk diameter up to 13 cm) were the least debarked. In the main felling, it was 74.2% of the stem area and in the thinning, only 52.2%.

scholarly journals Influence of selected factors on bark beetle outbreak dynamics in the Western Carpathians

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Vakula ◽  
Milan Zúbrik ◽  
Juraj Galko ◽  
Andrej Gubka ◽  
Andrej Kunca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
High Age ◽  
Artificial Origin

Abstract In the period from 1992 to 2013, more than 3.8 million m3 of spruce wood from an area of 55 thousand ha of forests in the Kysuce region (Western Carpathians) was affected by bark beetles. This region has had the highest volume of salvage fellings in Slovakia. While before 1991, bark-beetle outbreak usually occurred after snow and wind disturbances, since 1992 they have occurred in the years with extremely warm and dry growing seasons and the years following them. These years were also characterised by high volumes of wood affected by honey fungus (Armillaria spp.), which only rarely took part in the calamities before 1992. Extreme deterioration of the situation occurred after 2003. In fragmented and sparse stands, the volume of wood damaged by wind increased. Artificial origin of spruce stands, their high occurrence, high age and even-agedness are likely pre-disposing factors of spruce forest decline. Bark beetles have become the most important factor of spruce decline. The most important factors driving the bark beetle attack on forest stands in the period 1973–2013 were the amount of unprocessed wood in the previous year; the amount of wood affected by honey fungus, precipitation total, and average temperature in the current growing season. Another important factor that complicated the situation was also the inferior quality of forest management.

scholarly journals Cambioxylophagous fauna of young spruce stands damaged by snow in the Beskids

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
R. Kajfosz ◽  
W. Ząbecki
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Pityogenes Chalcographus ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Hylurgops Palliatus

In 25 to 40-years-old stands damaged by snow in the Beskids, the fauna of cambioxylophages was analyzed both on standing breaks and lying break-off stems. Breaks are characterized by the gradually drying phloem, watered phloem and secondary fauna (<i>Hylurgops palliatus, Hylocoetes dermestoides, Dryocoetes</i> sp., <i>Monochamu</i> sp.), which does not represent any danger to spruce stands. The phloem on lying breaks withered and died till the end of the growing season. The competing species <I>Pityogenes chalcographus</I> (L.) (46–52% cov-er) and species of the genus <I>Dryocoetes</i> (20% cover) colonized the breaks in particular. The upper and the lower side of the lying breaks-off differ in the intensity of attack and the degree of cover of these species. In young broken and open stands with the unprocessed wood of lying breaks-off there occurs a risk of the creation of bark beetle circles in the subsequent year after the damage.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

ANALYSIS OF SOUND SPEED IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION AT REFERENCE MOISTURE CONTENT (w = 12 %) IN SAWMILL ASSORTMENTS (FAGUS SYLVATICA, L.)

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Alena Rohanová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Round Timber

This paper explores the analysis of sound speeds in the longitudinal direction and their reduction to the reference moisture content w = 12 %. The sound speed cw was determined with Sylvatest Duo device. Moisture content of beech sawmill assortments (round timber: N = 16, logs: N = 2 × 16, structural boards: N = 54) in the range of 12 – 72 % was measured. For the analysis purposes, the sound speed was converted to reference conditions (c12, uref = 12%). A second-degree polynomial (parabola) with a regression equation of the form: c// = 5649 - 27,371 × w + 0.0735 × w2 was used to convert cw to c12, and correction of measured and calculated values was used as well. The sound speeds c12 in sawmill assortments (c12,round, c12,log, c12,board) were evaluated by linear dependences. Dependence was not confirmed for c12,round and c12,board1 (r = 0.168), in contrast for c12,round and c12,log2 the dependence is statistically very significant (r = 0.634). The results of testing showed that the most suitable procedure for predicting quality of structural timber is the first step round timber – log2, the second step: log2 - board2. More exact results of the construction boards were obtained from log2 than from log1. The sound speed is used in the calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn). EN 408 mentions the possibility of using dynamic modulus of elasticity as an alternative method in predicting the quality of structural timber.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

Effects of Grain Moisture Content on Mechanical Grain Harvesting Quality of Summer Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu LI ◽  
Jun XUE ◽  
Rui-Zhi XIE ◽  
Ke-Ru WANG ◽  
Bo MING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical Quality of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longga Linn) Result of Foam-mat Drying Method Using Microwave

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Dhinar Patliani ◽  
Dian Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Two Factors

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in Indonesia is widely known as a herbal medicinal plant, food coloring, and food flavoring. The high water content of turmeric will shorten the storage time and the quality of the ingredients. The need for drying which is the process of removing the moisture content of the material with the aim of prolonging the shelf life. The use of the foam-mat drying method with the addition of adhesives aims to speed up the drying process and maintain the quality of a material. The result of drying turmeric obtained is turmeric powder product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the variation of the microwave oven power and the composition of the developer agent (ovalet). The research procedure was divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of powder and continued with the measurement of physical quality. The stages of making powder begin with the preparation of raw materials, stripping, size reduction, addition of developer, drying, then grinding. The second stage is measuring physical quality, namely fineness modulus, average grain size, powder moisture content, color, water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density. The power variations used are 420 watts, 535 watts, and 680 watts, while the composition of the developer is 1%, 2%, and 4%. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA statistical test with two factors that affect the variation of power and composition of the developer (ovalet). FM values ​​ranged from 0.364 – 1.576, D values ​​ranged from 0.005 – 0.0012 mm, final moisture content values ​​ranged from 7.60 – 9.59%, powder moisture content values ​​ranged from 9.47 – 11.43%ww , L values ​​ranged from 61.46 – 65.96, a values ​​ranged from 13.54 – 16.05, b values ​​ranged from 48.21 – 52.42, DSA values ​​ranged from 2.78 – 3.54 ml/ g, DSM values ​​ranged from 1.22 – 1.60 ml/g, and DC values ​​ranged from 0.38 – 0.44 g/cm3. The combination treatment of drying power with developer is influenced by the drying power of the parameters, namely the value of moisture content, fineness modulus, average grain size, brightness level, redness level, yellowness level, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density. While the developer affects the finenes modulus, average grain size, yellowness level, and bulk density.

scholarly journals Effect Of Preserved Seeds Using Different Botanicals On Seed Quality Of Lentil

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khatun ◽  
G Kabir ◽  
MAH Bhuiyan ◽  
D Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Leaf Powder

Laboratory studies were conducted with leaf powder of three plants to show the preservative effect for maintaining the quality of lentil seeds in storage. After processing and drying, seeds were preserved with different botanicals and stored them in earthen pots for eight months. Botanicals, such as whole leaf powder of neem (Azadirachta indica), dholkalmi (Ipmoea sepiara), and bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) were used at a dose of 5% w/w (25 g botanical per 500 g of lentil seeds). The lentil seeds were stored till next planting time and seed quality, such as moisture content, germination capacity, root length, shoot length of the seedlings and vigour index were observed. The highest values for all these characters except moisture content were significant when the seeds were preserved with neem leaf powder and bishkatali. Among three botanicals, dholkalmi was less effective. Keywords: Lentil; botanicals; storage; seed quality DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9266 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 381-387

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