Chlorophyll content and morphological changes in cellular structure of Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Card. (Brachytheciaceae, Musci) and Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm. (Fontinalaceae, Musci) in response to water pollution and transplant containers on Palancia river (East, Spain)

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gimeno ◽  
Felisa Puche
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Rhynchostegium Riparioides

Bureaucracy and effectiveness in water pollution control

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response To Water

Water pollution has been a steadily growing challenge to many rapidly industrializing regions of the Pacific Rim. Governments have typically responded in the same way as those of the world's older developed countries, by piecemeal development of sewerage, leading ultimately to huge sewage disposal infrastructures in the public sector where resources have not been too scarce. The bureaucratic management of these services is not always perceived as effective by those whom it exists to serve. The paper examines the phenomenon of public bureaucracy, and critically reviews the benefits of the leading alternative, private sector involvement in the management of water pollution control. Using the history of institution building in Hong Kong as an example, it traces the development of an organizational style in response to water pollution issues. It suggests awareness of organizational characteristics and behaviour can help to improve service, but concludes that research into organizational effectiveness in pollution control is needed.

scholarly journals Low Dose Coagulant and Local Soil Ballast Effectively Remove Cyanobacteria (Microcystis) from Tropical Lake Water without Cell Damage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Somjate Thongdam ◽  
Anthony C. Kuster ◽  
Brian J. Huser ◽  
Anootnara T. Kuster
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Lake Restoration ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Local Soil

The combination of a low dose of coagulant with a ballast, also known as “flock and sink,” has been proposed as a lake restoration and cyanobacteria bloom management strategy. The effectiveness of this technique using aluminum sulfate (alum) as a coagulant and a local soil (LS) from Thailand as a ballast in eutrophic water dominated by positively buoyant Microcystis colonies collected from a tropical lake was investigated by measuring changes in chlorophyll-a (chl-a), pH, and zeta potential. Cell integrity was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that alum alone could reduce chl-a (up to 60% to 83%) at doses (higher than 3 to 6 mg Al/L) dependent on the initial pH (7.6 to 8.2) and initial chl-a concentration (138 to 615 µg/L) of the lake water but resulted in morphological changes to cellular structure and generally required a dose that reduced pH to <7. LS ballast alone was able to reduce chl-a concentrations (up to 26% at highest dose of 400 mg/L) and caused no significant changes to pH or zeta potential. Combining a low dose of alum (2 mg Al/L) with some amount of LS ballast (50 to 400 mg/L) created an interaction effect that resulted in 81 to 88% reduction in chl-a without changes to zeta potential or morphological changes to cellular structure. Flock and sink may serve a niche role in lake restoration when positively buoyant cyanobacteria are present in the water column during time of treatment. This research showed that an 800% increase in ballast dose resulted in about an 8% reduction in chl-a when combined with 2 mg Al/L of alum. Therefore, it is recommended that ballast dose should be determined by considering its phosphorus sorption capacity and the potentially releasable phosphorus in the lake sediment in order to realize long-term reductions in sediment nutrient release.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strawberry F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa in Response to Water Stress: II. Leaf Fluorescence, Chlorophyll Content, and 4th-derivative Spectra

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601d-601
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Stress Development ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Derivative Spectra ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Water

Leaf fluorescence characteristics, chlorophyll (Chl) content and 4th-derivative spectra were measured six times before, during, and after water stress development in F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa grown in growth chambers. The younger strawberry leaves under water stress maintained higher Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents than those under nonstressed conditions, while the older ones lost Chl quickly under water stress and then died. In comparison to F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis had significantly higher Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents and peak amplitudes of Cb 630 and Ca 693 in 4th-derivative spectra under stressed and nonstressed conditions. The differences in peak amplitude of Ca 693 between the two species increased under water stress. Fq was the most sensitive fluorescence characteristic to water stress and was reduced significantly under stress. Fm and Fv decreased significantly under more severe water stress. A reduction in Fv suggests that severe water stress might cause thylakoid damage and photoinhibition in the leaves, which resulted in a very depressed CO2 assimilation level. F. chiloensis had significantly higher Ft and Fq before and under water stress development (but not after stress recovery) than F. ×ananassa.

scholarly journals Morphological change and phenotypic plasticity in response to water velocity in three species of Centrarchidae

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Istead ◽  
S. Yavno ◽  
M.G. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Rock Bass ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Response To Water

Morphological responses to flowing water have been documented in many fishes, but rarely reported in species with gibbose body types, despite their use of riffles in rivers and streams. In this study, we compared morphological responses to water flow in three gibbose centrarchids: bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758)), and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817)). Flow-through plexiglass units, set to either a sustained flow or static conditions, were used to rear juveniles from each species for an 80-day period. All three species developed more streamlined body forms, longer and thinner caudal peduncles, and longer pectoral fins when reared in sustained current. Pumpkinseed exhibited the highest level of phenotypic plasticity in response to water flow, followed closely by bluegill; rock bass was the least plastic species. Rock bass developed longer predorsal and prepectoral lengths, which differ from the morphological changes observed in bluegill and pumpkinseed. The findings not only suggest that some gibbose fishes are capable of exhibiting strong phenotypic responses to water flow, but that many morphological changes are species specific, even within the same taxonomic family. Lastly, all three species developed shorter dorsal fin base lengths when reared under flowing condition, which differs from some previously documented work on fusiform fishes. The results of this study provide a better understanding of how morphology in three closely related species varies in response to environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Alterations of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities in Eriocheir japonicus in response to water pollution.

1996 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ishizuka ◽  
H Hoshi ◽  
N Minamoto ◽  
M Masuda ◽  
A Kazusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Eriocheir Japonicus

scholarly journals Selection of waterlogging-tolerant and water purification herbaceous plants for the construction of a sponge city in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1056
Author(s):  
Bing SUN ◽  
Xiao PAN ◽  
Liebao HAN ◽  
Yongjun FEI
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Water Accumulation

In recent years, seeking solutions to urban waterlogging and water pollution has always been one of the topics of concern. The problem of urban water accumulation occurs frequently in most areas of China in July and August. The contradiction between supply and demand of urban ecological water is prominent. In order to solve the problem of urban water accumulation caused by rainfall concentration, and to achieve the overall goal of building a water-saving green ecological city, the Shenzhen City should be built into a sponge city. Under this background, the physiological response of different forages to waterlogging stress and the removal of pollutants in rainwater were studied. In this study, ten herbaceous plants commonly used in Shenzhen were used as experimental materials. After 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days of waterlogging stress treatment, six physiological indexes, such as MDA, SP, and Pro contents and SOD, POD, and CAT activities, were comprehensively evaluated. Combined with the morphological changes of the plants after waterlogging, seven plants with strong waterlogging tolerance were determined, which were O. bodinieri, H. coronarium, I. tectorum, D. ensifolia, R. brittoniana, C. indica, and A. zerumbet. Then, according to their comprehensive evaluation of the removal capacity of pollutants in the rainwater, it is suggested to select O. bodinieri, H. coronarium, I. tectorum and D. ensifolia in areas with serious waterlogging. In areas with serious water pollution, R. brittoniana, A. zerumbet, D. ensifolia and H. coronarium are recommended. However, H. coronarium and D. ensifolia not only have a strong adaptability in the waterlogged environment, but also have a strong ability to remove pollutants in the rainwater, so they are suggested to be alternative herbaceous plants for sponge city in Shenzhen, China.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CYANOBACTERIA SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF WATER POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METAL SALTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
Elena V. Polozova ◽  
V. V. Shilov ◽  
A. S. Bogacheva ◽  
I. N. Klyushkin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Experimental Toxicology ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

For the first time there are provided data on the toxicity of salts of heavy metals to the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. CALU 713 and PCC 6803. Changes of light and temperature conditions were shown to modify cyanobacteria sensitivity to the toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. The toxicity of salts of heavy metals is determined by the dose-dependent effect of the reducing the growth rate of cyanobacteria in the incubation medium on water basis. Changes of light and temperature culture conditions modify the sensitivity of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. to toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. The decrease in temperature and light in various degrees enhances the toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. Morphological changes of cyanobacteria, caused by the toxic action of salts of heavy metals were established to be nonspecific, regardless of the strain and species of the studied toxicant, showing the change of shapes and sizes, including dividing cells. At the ultrastructural level morphological changes in the cells of cyanobacteria are represented by changes of the thickness and the integrity of peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall; the damage to intracellular organelles relevant to energy metabolism: divergent tilakoid membranes with formation of intratilakoid spaces; agglutination of phycobilisomes and accumulation of polyphosphate granules; fibrous transformation of nucleoplasms with the loss of the typical granulation. A strain of Synechocystis sp. CALU 713is the most sensitive to the toxic action of salts of heavy metals and, therefore, suitable for the use in experimental toxicology. Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. CALU 713 and PCC 6803 are promising test-object in experimental toxicology for the assessment of the degree of water pollution with heavy metal salts. There were obtained parameters of toxicity of heavy metal salts (AgNO3; 3CdSO4•8H2O; Hg(CH3COO)2; CuSO4•5H2O) for two strains of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. In these circumstances there were revealed morphological changes of the surface ultrastructure of cells of Synechocystis sp.

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