Changes in coal rank of coals in the Ruhr area with stratigraphic age, depth and tectonic conditions

1956 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Karl Patteisky
Keyword(s):  
Coal Rank ◽  
Ruhr Area

scholarly journals Mercury Speciation in Various Coals Based on Sequential Chemical Extraction and Thermal Analysis Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2361
Author(s):  
Yinjiao Su ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yang Teng ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Removal Technology

Coal combustion is an anthropogenic source of mercury (Hg) emissions to the atmosphere. The strong toxicity and bioaccumulation potential have prompted attention to the control of mercury emissions. Pyrolysis has been regarded as an efficient Hg removal technology before coal combustion and other utilization processes. In this work, the Hg speciation in coal and its thermal stability were investigated by combined sequential chemical extraction and temperature programmed decomposition methods; the effect of coal rank on Hg speciation distribution and Hg release characteristics were clarified based on the weight loss of coal; the amount of Hg released; and the emission of sulfur-containing gases during coal pyrolysis. Five species of mercury were determined in this study: exchangeable Hg (F1), carbonate + sulfate + oxide bound Hg (F2), silicate + aluminosilicate bound Hg (F3), sulfide bound Hg (F4), and residual Hg (F5), which are quite distinct in different rank coals. Generally, Hg enriched in carbonates, sulfates, and oxides might migrate to sulfides with the transformation of minerals during the coalification process. The order of thermal stability of different Hg speciation in coal is F1 < F5 < F2 < F4 < F3. Meanwhile, the release of Hg is accompanied with sulfur gases during coal pyrolysis, which is heavily dependent on the coal rank.

Effect of coal rank, oxygen level and particle size on oxidation reactivity of typical Chinese coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 178838
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Houzhang Tan ◽  
Xuebin Wang ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Jiaye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Oxidation Reactivity

Relevance of the coal rank on the performance of the in situ gasification chemical-looping combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuadrat ◽  
A. Abad ◽  
F. García-Labiano ◽  
P. Gayán ◽  
L.F. de Diego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Coal Rank

Evaluation of CO2 Gasification Reactivity of Different Coal Rank Chars by Physicochemical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 7287-7293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuliang Jing ◽  
Zhiqing Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhongliang Yu ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Co2 Gasification ◽  
Gasification Reactivity ◽  
Co2 Gasification Reactivity

The Capture, Utilization, Storage of CO2 in Methane Recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1620-1624
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Yang ◽  
Zhi Ping Li ◽  
Feng Peng Lai ◽  
Jun Jie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Methane Recovery ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Rational Evaluation ◽  
Important Significance

According to the problems that the coalbed methane resource was rich in deep seam in China, but the economic and technology conditions were limited, it would be hard to mine with a conventional method. The CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology was provided (CO2-ECBM). The application of the technology would not only improve the methane recovery ratio from deep and unminable layer, but also put CO2 effectively in the deep layer for storage to reach a target of reducing emission. The study showed that a coal rank, coal seam pressure, coal seam permeability, injection time, injected gas types and others would affect to the recovery ratio of methane in a production mine. Therefore, before we use this technology, a rational evaluation should be conducted on the place location. So the capture and storage technology of CO2 has an important significance in protecting the natural environment.

Zehn Jahre Messungen der Anzahl- und lungendeponierbaren Oberflächenkonzentration ultrafeiner Partikel im städtischen Hintergrund im Ruhrgebiet/Ten years of measurements of the number and lung deposited surface concentration of ultrafine particles in the urban background in the Ruhr Area

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
C. Asbach ◽  
T. A. J. Kuhlbusch ◽  
U. Quass ◽  
H. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Ruhr Area ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface ◽  
Particle Sizer

Seit Anfang 2009 werden an einer städtischen Hintergrundmessstation in Mülheim-Styrum im westlichen Ruhrgebiet Anzahlkonzentration, Anzahlgrößenverteilung und lungendeponierbare Oberflächenkonzentration submikroner und ultrafeiner Partikel gemessen. Die dazu eingesetzten Messgeräte Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) und Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM) erwiesen sich als gut geeignet für derartige Messaufgaben. Insbesondere das NSAM ist sehr robust und zuverlässig und wird daher neben der Bestimmung der lungendeponierbaren Oberflächenkonzentration auch zur Funktionsüberwachung des SMPS verwendet. Die ultrafeinen Partikel an der Messstation stammen zu einem großen Teil von einer nahegelegenen Autobahn sowie diversen anderen Quellen in der näheren Umgebung. Der etwa 20 km südlich gelegene Flughafen Düsseldorf scheint keinen merklichen Einfluss zu haben. Eine Auswertung der Wochengänge zeigte überraschenderweise, dass in allen Jahren samstagnachts die im Wochenverlauf höchste Anzahlkonzentration von Partikeln >100 nm gemessen wurde. Während an allen anderen Wochentagen die mittleren Konzentrationen seit 2009 kontinuierlich gesunken sind, blieb die Höhe des Maximums in der Nacht von Samstag auf Sonntag nahezu konstant, was auf eine unveränderte, zeitlich sehr begrenzte Quelle hindeutet.

UAS measurements for the investigation of emissions of air pollutants at the Duesseldorf airport and industrial sites in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konradin Weber ◽  
Christian Fischer ◽  
Martin Lange ◽  
Tobias Pohl ◽  
Tim Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Ruhr Area ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Data Transmission System

&lt;p&gt;Instrumented UAS (unmanned aerial systems, drones) can substantially enhance the capabilities for the investigation of air pollutants, when equipped with the appropriate and customized air pollution measurement systems. Important advantages can be found in the exploration of vertical and horizontal pollutant profiles as well as in the determination of fugitive emissions. The HSD Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques (UMT) has developed a series of different multicopter UAS for various measurement tasks and payloads. Additionally, different commercial UAS are used by UMT. The multicopter UAS are equipped, depending on the measurement task, with different specifically adopted lightweight measurement systems for aerosols (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP, PNC, number size distributions) or gases like O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt;, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and VOCs. All measurement systems were intercompared with certified standard measurement equipment before use to assure the quality of the measurement results. Moreover, physical samples of aerosols can be taken during the flight, which enables a chemical or REM analysis after the flight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, UMT developed an on-line data transmission system, which allows the transmission of measurement data during the flights from the UAS to the ground for continuous monitoring. In this way concentration plumes can be tracked and hotspots can be pinpointed during the flight. This online data transmission system is independent of commercial platforms, can work on different radio frequencies in a push mode (presently on 2.4 GHz) and communicates with RS232 and I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;C interfaces. Within several intercomparison studies this online data transmission proved a high reliability and correctness of transmitted data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to technical details of the UAS and instrumentation we present in this contribution the results of different measurement campaigns based on our UAS measurements:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Investigations of emissions from the Duesseldorf airport combining upwind and downwind UAS measurements. These investigations became of special interest, as due to the reduced air traffic caused by the Corona pandemia now single aircraft starts and landings could be monitored with their emissions at elevated altitudes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Investigations of vertical concentration profiles above the city of Duesseldorf, which could be influenced by industrial sites in the north of Duesseldorf as well as by the Duesseldorf airport.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Investigations of vertical and horizontal pollution distributions near, at and around industrial sites in the Rhine Ruhr area, especially of metal industry plants and chemical plants.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;These examples highlight the capabilities of UAS measurements, which will be further enhanced by planned simultaneous use of several UAS in parallel and joint tasks.&lt;/p&gt;

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