scholarly journals Nested Case-Control Study of the Emergence of Tigecycline Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 5743-5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nigo ◽  
Catalina Salinas Cevallos ◽  
Krystina Woods ◽  
Vicente Maco Flores ◽  
Gweneth Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Culture ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTWe performed a nested case-control study (ratio of 1:4) on the emergence of tigecycline-resistant multidrug-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(TR-MDRKP) isolates among patients who initially presented with a tigecycline-susceptible MDRKP isolate. Out of 260 patients, 24 (9%) had a subsequent clinical culture positive for a TR-MDRKP isolate within the 90-day follow-up period. On logistic regression analyses, receipt of tigecycline (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 to 14.23;P= 0.002) was the only independent predictor of subsequent isolation of a TR strain.

scholarly journals Prior Antibiotic Therapy and the Onset of Healthcare-Associated Infections Sustained by Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Nested Case–Control Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Migliara ◽  
Valentina Baccolini ◽  
Claudia Isonne ◽  
Sara Cianfanelli ◽  
Carolina Di Paolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Epidemiological research has demonstrated direct relationships between antibiotic consumption and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this nested case–control study, we assessed whether prior exposure to antibiotic therapy and its duration affect the onset of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) sustained by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-Kp) in intensive care unit patients. Cases were defined as patients who developed an MDR-Kp HAI. Controls matched on sex and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay were randomly selected from the at-risk population. Any antibiotic agent received in systemic administration before the onset of infection was considered as antibiotic exposure. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the effect of prior exposure to each antibiotic class (Model 1) or its duration (Model 2) on the onset of HAIs sustained by MDR-Kp. Overall, 87 cases and 261 gender-matched controls were compared. In Model 1, aminoglycosides and linezolid independently increased the likelihood of developing an MDR-Kp HAI, whereas exposure to both linezolid and penicillins reduced the effect of linezolid alone. In Model 2, cumulative exposure to aminoglycosides increased the likelihood of the outcome, as well as cumulative exposures to penicillins and colistin, while a previous exposure to both penicillins and colistin reduced the influence of the two antibiotic classes alone. Our study confirms that aminoglycosides, penicillins, linezolid, and colistin may play a role in favoring the infections sustained by MDR-Kp. However, several double exposures in the time window before HAI onset seemed to hinder the selective pressure exerted by individual agents.

scholarly journals Association of circulating let-7b-5p with major depressive disorder: a nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Roumans ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Ashfaque A. Memon ◽  
Anna Hedelius ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and is a great disease burden. However, its underlying pathophysiology and aetiology remain poorly understood. Available evidence suggests that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with MDD, but it is still unknown whether miRNAs can predict subsequent incident MDD. Methods In this nested case-control study, a total of 104 individuals, who were free of MDD at baseline, from the Women’s Health in Lund Area (WHILA) cohort were included. Among them, 52 individuals developed MDD (cases) during the 5 years follow-up and 52 individuals did not develop MDD (controls). Plasma expression levels of miR-17-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-144-5p, let-7b-5p and let-7c-5p at baseline were assessed using qRT-PCR. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of developing MDD among individuals with different levels of miRNA expression. Results Plasma expression levels of let-7b-5p were significantly lower (p = 0.02) at baseline in cases compared to controls. After adjustment for age and BMI, let-7b-5p was negatively associated with odds for developing MDD (OR = 0.33, p = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.12–0.91). Moreover, let-7b-5p expression levels showed a trend over time with larger differences between cases and controls for the earlier cases (MDD diagnosis <2 years from baseline) than MDD cases developed later (MDD diagnosis 2–5 years from baseline). Conclusions These findings show that lower plasma levels of let-7b-5p are associated with a higher future risk of MDD. Results need to be validated in a large cohort to examine its potential as a peripheral biomarker for MDD.

The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC): A nested case-control study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 443-443
Author(s):  
Daniel Keizman ◽  
Keren Rouvinov ◽  
Avivit Neumann ◽  
Yu-Xiao Yang ◽  
Maya Gottfried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

443 Background: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of both RCC and AMD. To date, there are no data on an association between AMD and RCC. In the present nested case control study, we aimed to evaluated the association between age-related macular degeneration and RCC risk. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study within a population-representative database from the United Kingdom. Study cases were defined as individuals with any diagnostic code of RCC. For every case, four eligible controls were matched on age, sex, practice site, time, and duration of follow-up. Exposure of interest was diagnosis of AMD prior to cancer diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RCC were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Adjustment was performed for confounders associated with both AMD and RCC such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, in a secondary analysis, we evaluated the association between other non-VEGF associated retinopathies and RCC, and between AMD and pancreatic cancer, a malignancy characterized by hypovascularity in contrast to the hypervascularity of RCC. Results: The study population included 1,547 patients with RCC and 6,066 matched controls. Median follow-up time was 6 years (IQR 3-9). AMD diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased RCC risk (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09-3.29). In contrast, there was no association between other retinopathies and RCC risk (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.56-1.15). AMD was associated with a lower risk for pancreatic cancer (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.64). Conclusions: Patients with AMD may be at higher risk for RCC. Providers should consider screening for RCC within this population.

scholarly journals P742 Morbidity and mortality outcomes of paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease in early adult life: A Scottish population-based, nested case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S593-S594
Author(s):  
C Burgess ◽  
C Schnier ◽  
I Chalmers ◽  
R K Russell ◽  
R Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The risk of morbidity and mortality related to paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) and its treatment is a major concern to both patients and clinicians, especially when this may affect early adult life. We aimed to determine whether PIBD patients are at increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, cancer and death in a nationwide population-based study using administrative health data research methodology. Methods All children diagnosed with PIBD in Scotland 1981–2017 were identified within the Scottish Morbidity Record inpatient and day-case dataset (SMR01). PIBD cases were defined as any inpatient International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding for Crohn’s disease (CD; 555/K50) or ulcerative colitis (UC; 556/K51) until age 16; 10% of cases were individually validated. A nested case-control study (1:3 ratio) matched for sex, age, postcode sector and deprivation quintile within the Scottish population was performed. Data-linkage was applied to SMR01, SMR06 (Scottish Cancer Registry) and NRS deaths datasets to identify any diagnosis of IHD, acute stroke, cancer or mortality. Cancer diagnoses were classified into potential disease related (small bowel, colonic, rectal, anal, hepatobiliary) or treatment related (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma, PTLD) cancers. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for each outcome using mixed effects Cox regression and the potential effect of sex, year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis were explored. Results The study population comprised 2484 children with PIBD and 7451 matched controls. Median age of PIBD diagnosis was 12 years (IQR 10–14) and age at end of follow-up 24 years (IQR 17–33) with 141,605 total person-years follow-up. Validation identified 242/261 true positive cases (positive predictive value 93%). 2 cases (0.08%) and 7 controls (0.09%) had an admission for IHD during follow-up (p = 0.845); 6 cases (0.24%) and 5 controls (0.07%) were admitted for stroke (p = 0.024). PIBD cases had a significantly higher risk of any cancer diagnosis (62 cases: 97 controls) HR 1.97 (p &lt; 0.001), including a 31.9 times higher risk of disease-related cancers (p &lt; 0.001) and a 6 times higher risk of treatment-related cancers (p = 0.011). The effect of PIBD on cancer risk was higher in males, but not related to year or age. PIBD cases had a greater risk of mortality (60 cases: 51 controls) HR 3.61 (p &lt; 0.001). The specific mortality risk from infection was 21.4 times higher in PIBD cases (p = 0.004); the risk of suicide was 2.4 times higher but not statistically significant (p = 0.085). The effect of PIBD on mortality risk was not modified by sex, year or age. Conclusion Cancer and mortality are meaningful, serious early adult life adverse sequelae of PIBD however IHD and stroke occur infrequently.

scholarly journals Exposure to preeclampsia in utero affects growth from birth to late childhood dependent on child’s sex and severity of exposure: Follow-up of a nested case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Kjer Byberg ◽  
Knut Øymar ◽  
Geir Egil Eide ◽  
Michele R. Forman ◽  
Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human papillomaviruses and Chlamydia trachomatis and cervical cancer risk: nested case–control study

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Hui-Chi Chen ◽  
Kenneth Persson ◽  
San-Lin You ◽  
Chang-Yao Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

A nested case–control study of invasive and in situ cervical cancer was performed within a community-based cohort of 13 595 Taiwanese women assembled in 1991, with a follow-up period of 9 years. Baseline serum or plasma samples were analysed for antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 16 and 18 and Chlamydia trachomatis. In total, 114 cases (42 incident cases identified during follow-up and 72 prevalent cases identified at baseline) and 519 matched controls were included in the study. HPV-16 seropositivity was strongly associated with cervical cancer (OR=6.33; 95 % CI 3.45–11.62). Overall, C. trachomatis was not associated with cervical cancer, but was associated with cervical cancer in analyses restricted to incident cases of cancer (OR=2.94; 95 % CI 1.17–7.42) or to cases in which serum samples were analysed (OR=3.13; 95 % CI 1.16–8.47). An antagonistic interaction between HPV-6 and -16 was found in a multiplicative model. These results suggest that different HPV types might interfere in cervical carcinogenesis and that C. trachomatis is associated with cervical cancer in prospective studies, and support the notion that HPV-16 seropositivity is strongly associated with cervical cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document