scholarly journals Detection of KPC in Acinetobacter spp. in Puerto Rico

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1354-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraida E. Robledo ◽  
Edna E. Aquino ◽  
María I. Santé ◽  
Jorge L. Santana ◽  
Diana M. Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

ABSTRACT During an island-wide PCR-based surveillance study of beta-lactam resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates obtained from 17 different hospitals, 10 KPC-positive Acinetobacter isolates were identified. DNA sequencing of the bla KPC gene identified KPC-2, -3, and -4 and a novel variant, KPC-10. This is the first report of a KPC-type beta-lactamase identified in Acinetobacter species.

scholarly journals Detection of the KPC Gene in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii during a PCR-Based Nosocomial Surveillance Study in Puerto Rico

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2968-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraida E. Robledo ◽  
Edna E. Aquino ◽  
Guillermo J. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACTA 6-month, PCR-based, island-wide hospital surveillance study of beta-lactam resistance inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andAcinetobacter baumanniiwas conducted in Puerto Rico. Of 10,507 isolates, 1,239 (12%) unique, multi-beta-lactam-resistant isolates from all geographical regions were identified. The KPC gene was detected in 61E. coli, 333K. pneumoniae, 99P. aeruginosa, and 41A. baumanniiisolates, indicating the widespread dissemination of the KPC gene in clinically significant nosocomial isolates.

scholarly journals Contaminación con bacterias patógenas de estetoscopios del personal médico en un hospital de nivel III en Lima, Perú

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Enrique Oliva-Menacho ◽  
Marco Antonio García-Hjarles ◽  
José Arturo Oliva-Candela ◽  
Hugo Saturnino De la Cruz-Roca
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Hospital General

Objetivos: Determinar el grado de contaminación bacteriana con bacterias patógenas de los estetoscopios del personal médico en un hospital general de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, entre los meses de enero y juniodel 2013. Se estudiaron 124 muestras de estetoscopios del personal médico en las siguientes áreas: UCI 20; neonatología 13; quemados 3; medicina 52; emergencia 36. Se recolectaron las muestras con hisopos humedecidos, en condiciones estériles (En presencia de un mechero de vidrio para alcohol) y luego fueron introducidos en tuboscon preparado de caldo BHI (Infusión cerebro corazón) para ser incubados por 24 horas a 37°C; se cultivó en Agar sangre, Agar MacConkey, Agar manitol y Agar cetrimidepara su posterior determinación de bacterias patógenas por procedimientos bioquímicos ,luego se identificó la susceptibilidad bacteriana con la técnica de Kirby- Bauer. Resultados: De los 124 estetoscopios estudiados; 114 (91,9%) estuvieron contaminados; se aislaron 123 cepasbacterianas: Staphylococcus spp coagulasa negativa 106(86,1%), Staphylococcus aureus 5(4,0%), Enterobacter aerogenes 4 (3,2%), Acinetobacter spp 2(1,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(3,2%), Klebsiella Pneumoniae 1(0,8%) y Escherichia coli 1(0,8%). Conclusiones: El aislamiento de bacterias patógenas sugiere que el estetoscopio debe ser considerado como un vector de la infección nosocomial.

scholarly journals Use of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia in a Pediatric Patient with Combined Immunodeficiency (CID): A Case Report from a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zikri ◽  
Kamal El Masri
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profiles ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

Infections, with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are a major concern in the pediatric intensive care unit, especially in immunocompromised patients. Some of these strains are resistant to all beta-lactams, including carbapenems, leaving very limited treatment options remaining. These options include aminoglycosides and colistin, both of which have poor pharmacokinetic profiles with significant toxicities. Newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations offer additional novel options to treat such infections, given their good pharmacokinetic profiles and activity against multi-drug resistant strains. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a novel cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved in 2014. The drug demonstrates good activity against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, including those resistant to all other antibiotics. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is currently approved in adult patients 18 years and older only. There are very limited data on its pharmacokinetic profile and clinical utility in the pediatric population. We report the use of ceftolozane/tazobactam to successfully treat pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in a pediatric patient with combined immunodeficiency syndrome.

scholarly journals Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship in a University Hospital Setting

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Milan Kolar ◽  
Miroslava Htoutou Sedlakova ◽  
Karel Urbanek ◽  
Patrik Mlynarcik ◽  
Magdalena Roderova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Clonal Spread

The article describes activities of an antibiotic center at a university hospital in the Czech Republic and presents the results of antibiotic stewardship program implementation over a period of 10 years. It provides data on the development of resistance of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to selected antibiotic agents as well as consumption data for various antibiotic classes. The genetic basis of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and its clonal spread were also assessed. The study showed significant correlations between aminoglycoside consumption and resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to gentamicin (r = 0.712, r = 0.869), fluoroquinolone consumption and resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin (r = 0.896), aminoglycoside consumption and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin (r = 0.716), as well as carbapenem consumption and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to meropenem (r = 0.855). Genotyping of ESBL- positive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli showed a predominance of CTX-M-type; in AmpC-positive strains, DHA, EBC and CIT enzymes prevailed. Of 19 meropenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, two were identified as NDM-positive. Clonal spread of these strains was not detected. The results suggest that comprehensive antibiotic stewardship implementation in a healthcare facility may help to maintain the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial pathogens. Particularly beneficial is the work of clinical microbiologists who, among other things, approve administration of antibiotics to patients with bacterial infections and directly participate in their antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Characterisation of "ESKAPE" Pathogens with Special Reference to Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm Production in a Nepalese Hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Pandey ◽  
Angela Shrestha ◽  
Shyam Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

Abstract Background: “ESKAPE” is an acronym for group of organisms as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. They are associated in causing life threatening infections. Global efforts on controlling multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms have been hampered by their rapid emergence, inadequate tests for rapid detection and their ability to escape the antibacterial drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens with prime focus on biofilm production and antibiotic resistance. Methods: A total of 8756 clinical specimens were processed for the isolation and identification of ESKAPE pathogens following standard microbiological protocol. These isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Detection of resistance phenotypes, viz., extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was done by disk diffusion method and E- test method as applicable. The VRE isolates were subjected for detection of Van A and Van B genes. All the isolates were processed for biofilm detection by tube adherence method. Results: The percentage distribution of Staphylococcus aureus was 33.5%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 33.0%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18.3%, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex 8.7%, Enterococcus faecium 5.6% and Enterobacter aerogenes 0.9%. MRSA was 57.6% and Vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium was 20%. ESBL and MBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 16.1%, and 8.1%, Acb complex 10.3% each and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.7% and 8.3% respectively. A total of 42.3% of isolates were biofilm producers. Linezolid was drug of choice for VRE isolates. Piperacillin- tazobactam was found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes; Ampicillin-sulbactam was the most effective drug against Acb complex excluding polymyxins. Van A gene was detected in all the VRE isolates. Conclusion: This study estimates the burden of the ESKAPE organisms and their antibiotic resistance pattern in a Nepalese hospital. The increasing percentages of drug resistance among these biofilm-producing pathogens pose great threat in medical setting. Surveillance targeting ESKAPE pathogens should be incorporated in infection control policy in Nepal.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase ( ESBL )

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verna Biutifasari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

<p>Antibiotika telah banyak digunakan sekarang ini. Pemakaian antibiotika yang berlebihan dan tidak sesuai dengan klinis dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi terhadap antibiotika tersebut</p><p>Salah satu antibiotika yang dipakai adalah antibiotika golongan <em>beta-lactam</em> yang bekerja menghambat dinding sel. Pemakaian antibiotika <em>beta-lactam</em> yang tidak sesuai dapat menyebabkan terjadi resistensi terhadap antibiotika tersebut. Resistensi terhadap <em>beta-lactam</em> dapar terjadi di berbagai tingkatan. Salah satu resistensi dapat terjadi adalah  resistensi terhadap <em>extendedspectrum broad lactamase (ESBL)</em></p><p><em>Extended spectrum beta-lactamase</em> adalah enzim yang mempunyai kemampuan dalam menghidrolisis antibiotika golongan <em>penicillin, cephalosporin</em> generasi satu, dua, dan tiga serta golongan <em>monobactam </em>dan menyebabkan resistensi ke seluruh antibiotika tersebut.</p><p>ESBL banyak dihasilkan oleh <em>Enterobactericeae </em>(terutama <em>Escherichia coli</em>) dan <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae. </em><em>Enterobacteriacea</em><em>e</em> mempunyai 3 pola resistensi yang disebabkan b<em>road spectrum beta-lactamase,inhibitor </em>resistant beta-lactamase (derivat TEM) , <em>Cephalosporinase </em>yang berlebihan. ESBL dapat sulit terdeteksi karena ESBL mempunyai perbedaan tingkatan aktifitas terhadap bermacam-macam <em>cephalosporin</em></p><p>ESBL dapat dideteksi secara <em>clinical microbiology (phenotypic</em><em>)</em> dan <em>molecular detection (genotypic).</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keyword</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>:</strong> Antiobiotika, resistensi, ESBL</p>

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo activities of LB10522, a new catecholic cephalosporin.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Y Kim ◽  
J I Oh ◽  
K S Paek ◽  
Y Z Kim ◽  
I C Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Salmonella Spp

In vitro activity of LB10522 was compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone against clinical isolates. Against gram-positive bacteria, LB10522 was most active among the compounds tested. It was fourfold more active than cefpirome against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. LB10522 was highly effective against most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae tested. Ninety percent of isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella spp. were inhibited at a concentration of < or = 0.5 micrograms/ml. These activities were comparable to those of cefpirome. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, LB10522 with a MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited of 2 micrograms/ml was 16- and 32-fold more active than ceftazidime and ceftazidime against systemic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus giorgio, Streptococcus pneumoniae III, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E, Escherichia coli 851E, Proteus mirabilis 1315E, Serratia marcescens 1826E, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Ac-54. LB10522 was very resistant to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases such as TEM-3, TEM-7, SHV-1, FEC-1, and P-99. LB10522 did not induce beta-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae 1194E, although most of the reference cephalosporins acted as inducers of beta-lactamase in this strain. Time-kill study showed that LB10522, at concentrations of two or four times the MIC, had a rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus 6538p, Escherichia coli 851E, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E.

scholarly journals An Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Approach Focused on Creating Algorithms for Targeted Therapy of Infection-Related Ventilator-Associated Complications (IVACs) Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Adult Patients

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Milo Gatti ◽  
Bruno Viaggi ◽  
Gian Maria Rossolini ◽  
Federico Pea ◽  
Pierluigi Viale
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Choice

(1) Background: To develop evidence-based algorithms for targeted antibiotic therapy of infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVACs) caused by non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens. (2) Methods: A multidisciplinary team of four experts had several rounds of assessments for developing algorithms devoted to targeted antimicrobial therapy of IVACs caused by two non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens. A literature search was performed on PubMed-MEDLINE (until September 2021) to provide evidence for supporting therapeutic choices. Quality and strength of evidence was established according to a hierarchical scale of the study design. Six different algorithms with associated recommendations in terms of therapeutic choice and dosing optimization were suggested according to the susceptibility pattern of two non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens: multi-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), multidrug-resistant (MDR) metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-negative-PA, MBL-positive-PA, carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), and carbapenem-resistant AB. (3) Results: Piperacillin–tazobactam or fourth-generation cephalosporins represent the first therapeutic choice in IVACs caused by multi-susceptible PA. A carbapenem-sparing approach favouring the administration of novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors should be pursued in the management of MDR-MBL-negative PA infections. Cefiderocol should be used as first-line therapy for the management of IVACs caused by MBL-producing-PA or carbapenem-resistant AB. Fosfomycin-based combination therapy, as well as inhaled colistin, could be considered as a reasonable alternative for the management of IVACs due to MDR-PA and carbapenem-resistant AB. (4) Conclusions: The implementation of algorithms focused on prompt revision of antibiotic regimens guided by results of conventional and rapid diagnostic methodologies, appropriate place in therapy of novel beta-lactams, implementation of strategies for sparing the broadest-spectrum antibiotics, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic optimization of antibiotic dosing regimens is strongly suggested.

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