scholarly journals Transferable Multidrug Resistance Plasmid CarryingcfrAssociated withtet(L),ant(4′)-Ia, anddfrKGenes from a Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST125 Strain

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2139-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Ruiz de Gopegui ◽  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Laura Zamorano ◽  
José L. Pérez ◽  
Antonio Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Previously Treated

ABSTRACTA multidrug resistance (MDR) conjugative plasmid of ca. 50 kb (designated pERGB) was detected in a linezolid and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrain with sequence type 125 (ST125-MRSA-IVc). This strain was detected in two patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previously treated with multiple antimicrobials, including linezolid. pERGB was transferable by conjugation and carried the resistance genescfr(oxazolidinones, phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A),ant(4′)-Ia(tobramycin),tet(L) (tetracycline), anddfrK(trimethoprim). A novel genetic structure, linking all of these resistance genes for the first time, was elucidated through sequencing of a 15,259-bp fragment from pERGB. Active surveillance to prevent the dissemination of such highly concerning MDR transferable elements is needed.

scholarly journals Evolution of a 72-Kilobase Cointegrant, Conjugative Multiresistance Plasmid in Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Early 1990s

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Yui Eto ◽  
Neville Firth ◽  
Amy M. Davis ◽  
Stephen M. Kwong ◽  
Marcelina Krysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Elements

ABSTRACT Horizontal transfer of plasmids encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants has been instrumental in Staphylococcus aureus evolution, including the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). In the early 1990s, the first CA-MRSA strain isolated in Western Australia (WA), WA-5, encoded cadmium, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance genes on plasmid pWBG753 (∼30 kb). WA-5 and pWBG753 appeared only briefly in WA; however, fusidic acid resistance plasmids related to pWBG753 were also present in the first European CA-MRSA isolates at the time. Here, we characterize a 72-kb conjugative plasmid, pWBG731, present in multiresistant WA-5-like clones from the same period. pWBG731 was a cointegrant formed from pWBG753 and a pWBG749 family conjugative plasmid. pWBG731 carried mupirocin, trimethoprim, cadmium, and penicillin resistance genes. The stepwise evolution of pWBG731 likely occurred through the combined actions of IS257, IS257-dependent miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), and the BinL resolution system of the β-lactamase transposon Tn552. An evolutionarily intermediate ∼42-kb nonconjugative plasmid, pWBG715, possessed the same resistance genes as pWBG731 but retained an integrated copy of the small tetracycline resistance plasmid pT181. IS257 likely facilitated the replacement of pT181 with conjugation genes on pWBG731, thus enabling autonomous transfer. Like conjugative plasmid pWBG749, pWBG731 also mobilized nonconjugative plasmids carrying oriT mimics. It seems likely that pWBG731 represents the product of multiple recombination events between the WA-5 pWBG753 plasmid and other mobile genetic elements present in indigenous community-associated methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (CA-MSSA) isolates. The molecular evolution of pWBG731 saliently illustrates how diverse mobile genetic elements can together facilitate rapid accrual and horizontal dissemination of multiresistance in S. aureus CA-MRSA.

scholarly journals New Transposon Tn6133in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Containsvga(E), a Novel Streptogramin A, Pleuromutilin, and Lincosamide Resistance Gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 4900-4904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Mrsa St398 ◽  
Amino Acid Protein

ABSTRACTA novel streptogramin A, pleuromutilin, and lincosamide resistance determinant, Vga(E), was identified in porcine methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) ST398. Thevga(E) gene encoded a 524-amino-acid protein belonging to the ABC transporter family. It was found on a multidrug resistance-conferring transposon, Tn6133, which was comprised of Tn554with a stably integrated 4,787-bp DNA sequence harboringvga(E). Detection of Tn6133in several porcine MRSA ST398 isolates and its ability to circularize suggest a potential for dissemination.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Conceição ◽  
Céline Coelho ◽  
Hermínia de Lencastre ◽  
Marta Aires-de-Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Biocide Resistance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTWe assessed the prevalence of six biocide resistance genes among 82 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and 219 methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) isolates from three African countries; the prevalence was very high forsepA(95.3%),mepA(89.4%), andnorA(86.4%), intermediate forlmrS(60.8%) andqacAB(40.5%), and low forsmr(3.7%). A significant association between biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance was observed, and a new cutoff MIC of ≥1 mg/liter for chlorhexidine nonsusceptibility was defined.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides on Eradication and Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4151-4158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda M. Pettigrew ◽  
Brian T. Tsuji ◽  
Janneane F. Gent ◽  
Yong Kong ◽  
Patricia N. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Of Resistance

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the effect of antibiotics on eradication of carriage and development of resistance inHaemophilus influenzaein individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our goals were to assess antibiotic susceptibilities, prevalence of resistance genes, and development of resistance inH. influenzaeand to evaluate the effect of macrolide and fluoroquinolone administration onH. influenzaeeradication. Data were from a 15-year longitudinal study of COPD. Genome sequence data were used to determine genotype and identify resistance genes. MICs of antibiotics were determined by reference broth microdilution. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between antibiotic use andH. influenzaeeradication. We examined 267H. influenzaeisolates from 77 individuals. All newly acquiredH. influenzaeisolates were susceptible to azithromycin. Five of 27 (19%) strains developed 4-fold increases in azithromycin MICs and reached or exceeded the susceptibility breakpoint (≤4 μg/ml) during exposure.H. influenzaeisolates were uniformly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin (MIC90s of 0.015, 0.015, and 0.06, respectively); there were no mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions. Fluoroquinolone administration was associated with increasedH. influenzaeeradication compared to macrolides (odds ratio [OR], 16.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67 to 104.09). There was no difference inH. influenzaeeradication when comparing macrolide administration to no antibiotic (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.43 to 8.30). Fluoroquinolones are effective in eradicatingH. influenzaein individuals with COPD. Macrolides are ineffective in eradicatingH. influenzae, and their use in COPD patients may lead to decreased macrolide susceptibility and resistance.

scholarly journals Novelerm(T)-Carrying Multiresistance Plasmids from Porcine and Human Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 That Also Harbor Cadmium and Copper Resistance Determinants

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 3275-3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gómez-Sanz ◽  
Kristina Kadlec ◽  
Andrea T. Feßler ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
Carmen Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTThis study describes three novelerm(T)-carrying multiresistance plasmids that also harbor cadmium and copper resistance determinants. The plasmids, designated pUR1902, pUR2940, and pUR2941, were obtained from porcine and human methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) of the clonal lineage ST398. In addition to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance geneerm(T), all three plasmids also carry the tetracycline resistance genetet(L). Furthermore, plasmid pUR2940 harbors the trimethoprim resistance genedfrKand the MLSBresistance geneerm(C), while plasmids pUR1902 and pUR2941 possess the kanamycin/neomycin resistance geneaadD. Sequence analysis of approximately 18.1 kb of theerm(T)-flanking region from pUR1902, 20.0 kb from pUR2940, and 20.8 kb from pUR2941 revealed the presence of several copies of the recently described insertion sequence ISSau10, which is probably involved in the evolution of the respective plasmids. All plasmids carried a functional cadmium resistance operon with the genescadDandcadX, in addition to the multicopper oxidase genemcoand the ATPase copper transport genecopA, which are involved in copper resistance. The comparative analysis ofS. aureusRN4220 and the threeS. aureusRN4220 transformants carrying plasmid pUR1902, pUR2940, or pUR2941 revealed an 8-fold increase in CdSO4and a 2-fold increase in CuSO4MICs. The emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids that also carry heavy metal resistance genes is alarming and requires further surveillance. The colocalization of antimicrobial resistance genes and genes that confer resistance to heavy metals may facilitate their persistence, coselection, and dissemination.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Showing Increasing Prevalence of Mupirocin Resistance and Associated Multidrug Resistance following Attempted Decolonization

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toney T. Poovelikunnel ◽  
Paulo E. Budri ◽  
Anna C. Shore ◽  
David C. Coleman ◽  
Hilary Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Infection Control And Prevention

ABSTRACT Sequential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients following attempted mupirocin nasal decolonization showed an increase in mupirocin resistance (MR) from 6.6% to 20%. MR isolates from patients who failed decolonization yielded indistinguishable spa types and carried multiple antimicrobial and antiseptic resistance genes, which may guide infection control and prevention.

scholarly journals The First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Harboring Type IV SCCmec in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Wichai Santimaleeworagun ◽  
Praewdow Preechachuawong ◽  
Wandee Samret ◽  
Tossawan Jitwasinkul
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly found in Thailand in the hospital as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to report the genetic characterization of a clinical community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from hospitalized patients in Thailand. Among 26 MRSA isolates, S. aureus no. S17 preliminarily displayed the presence of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV pattern. The bacterial genomic DNA was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production, virulence toxins, and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing were performed. The strain was matched by sequence to MLST type 2885 and spa type t13880. This strain carried type IV SCCmec with no PVL production. Five acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, namely blaZ, mecA, Inu(A), tet(K), and dfrG conferring resistance to β-lactams, lincosamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, were identified. The detected toxins were exfoliative toxin A, gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and leukocidin E. Moreover, there were differences in seven regions in CR-MRSA no. S17 compared to CA-MRSA type 300. In summary, we have reported the ST2885-SCCmec IV CA-MRSA clinical strain in Thailand for the first time, highlighting the problem of methicillin resistance in community settings and the consideration in choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy.

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