scholarly journals Investigation of Metronidazole Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 4800-4805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Koss ◽  
Dana C. Baras ◽  
Sandra D. Lane ◽  
Richard Aubry ◽  
Michele Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
New York State ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACTTo assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (12.3%) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 553 (19.5%) in the second or third trimester. There were 333 (11.8%) preterm births, 262 (9.3%) infants of low birth weight, and 52 infants (1.8%) with congenital anomalies. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between metronidazole treatment and preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.32]), low birth weight (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.43]), or treatment in the first trimester and congenital anomalies (OR, 0.86 [0.30 to 2.45]). We found no association between metronidazole treatment during the first or later trimesters of pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital anomalies.

Residence change during the first trimester of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C Bond ◽  
Amanda L Mancenido ◽  
Divya M Patil ◽  
Seth S Rowley ◽  
Jack Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata

BackgroundThere are few published studies evaluating the impact of perinatal residence change on infant outcomes and whether these associations differ by socioeconomic status.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using Washington State birth certificate data from 2007 to 2014 to assess whether women who moved during the first trimester of pregnancy (n=28 011) had a higher risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age than women who did not move during the first trimester (n=112 367). ‘Non-first-trimester movers’ were frequency matched 4:1 to movers by year. We used generalised linear models to calculate risk ratios and risk differences adjusted for maternal age, race, marital status, parity, education, smoking, income and insurance payer for the birth. We also stratified analyses by variables related to socioeconomic status to see whether associations differed across socioeconomic strata.ResultsMoving in the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (6.4% vs 4.5%, adjusted risk ratio 1.37 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.45)) and preterm birth (9.1% vs 6.4%, adjusted risk ratio 1.42 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.49)) and a slight increased risk of small for gestational age (9.8% vs 8.7%, adjusted risk ratio 1.09 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.09)). Residence change was associated with low birth weight and preterm birth in all socioeconomic strata.ConclusionMoving during the first trimester of pregnancy may be a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes in US women. Healthcare providers may want to consider screening for plans to move and offering support.

scholarly journals LABOR COURSE AND CONDITION OF NEWBORNS IN WOMEN WITH PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION DUE TO GESTATIONAL ENDOTHELIOPATHY

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (9(49)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
V. V. Lazurenko ◽  
I. B. Borzenko ◽  
D. Yu. Tertyshnik
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of placental dysfunction caused by gestational endotheliopathy on the course of labor and the condition of the newborn. The first group consisted of 70 patients with placental dysfunction with gestational endotheliopathy confirmed by laboratory-instrumental findings in the first trimester of pregnancy. The control group included 30 pregnant women with physiological gestational course. PD secondary to GE leads to preterm birth, fetal distress, increases the percentage of caesarean section, contributes to the delay of fetal growth and birth weight, poor infant status and perinatal complications.

The Risk of Having a Low Birth Weight or Preterm Infant among Cosmetologists in New York State

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele L. Herdt-Losavio ◽  
Shao Lin ◽  
Charlotte M. Druschel ◽  
Syni-An Hwang ◽  
Matthew P. Mauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State

A Comparative Study on Serum Levels of Iron, Magnesium, Calcium and Phosphorus during First & Second Trimesters of Pregnancy at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2609-2614
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar M ◽  
Mayadevi Brahmanandan ◽  
Dini S.B
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
In Pregnancy

BACKGROUND Multiple micronutrient deficiencies commonly coexist in pregnancy and may play a role in the pathogenesis of many high-risk events in pregnancy. Mineral estimation during the first and second trimester may help in the identification of high-risk pregnancies predisposed to pre-eclampsia, preterm birth or low birth weight. Body mass index (BMI) is an independent risk factor influencing the serum levels of micronutrients like iron, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium. The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of iron, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus during first & second trimesters of pregnancy and their correlation with body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS This was a longitudinal descriptive study, done over a period of twelve months, from April 2017 to March 2018. 94 low risk pregnant women were selected in the first trimester, and they were followed up for the entire duration of pregnancy. 2 ml of blood is collected at first and second trimester and analysed for the serum levels of iron (µg/dl), magnesium (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl) and inorganic phosphorus (mg/dl). Mean values of these elements were noted and BMI was measured. Patients were followed up to observe the pregnancy outcome, especially development of hypertension, preterm birth and low birth weight. The data were subjected to suitable statistical analyses. P value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Mean values of Ca, Mg, inorganic P and Fe were 9.3 mg/dl ± 0.52, 1.79 mg/dl ± 0.28, 3.59 mg/dl ± 0.54 and 83.7 µg/dl ± 25.36 respectively in first trimester and 8.9 mg/dl ± 0.47, 1.62 mg/dl ± 0.16, 3.17 mg/dl ± 0.44 and 76.17 µg/dl ± 21. 69 respectively in the second trimester. Hypocalcaemia was noted in 12.7 % and 38.3 % in the first and second trimester respectively. Hypomagnesaemia was seen in 51.1 % and 80.9 % in the first and second trimester respectively. Hypophosphatemia was seen in 3.2 % and 14.8 % in the first and second trimester respectively. These findings were statistically significant. There was no significant change in the iron levels in the present study. 19.1 % were underweight. 56.4 % had normal BMI. 19.2 % were overweight. 5.3 % were obese. CONCLUSIONS There is no correlation between serum values of trace elements and the BMI of study subjects. Even though significant hypocalcaemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesaemia was noted in second trimester compared to first, there was no predisposition to the development of adverse outcomes like pre-eclampsia, preterm birth or low birth weight. This may be the effect of dietary and pharmacological supplementation during pregnancy. KEYWORDS Micronutrients, Pregnancy Complications, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron

Prevention of Preterm Births: A Perinatal Study in Haguenau, France

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
E. Papiernik ◽  
J. Bouyer ◽  
J. Dreyfus ◽  
D. Collin ◽  
G. Winisdorffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother’S Age

A reduction in preterm births has been observed in Haguenau (Eastern France) during a 12-year intervention study with a program for prevention of preterm deliveries. The Perinatal Study of Haguenau was an observation tool used in a stable population, and it allowed measurement of the way women have progressively responded to the new proposals in prenatal care. It also allowed measurement of the results of the interventions: low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) and preterm birth rates (less than 37 weeks of gestation) among single live births. The total duration of the study was divided into three periods of four years (1971 through 1974, 1975 through 1978, and 1979 through 1982), for which the numbers of single live births are 5,763, 4,957, and 5,919, respectively. For the same periods, the low-birth-weight rates, 4.6%, 4.0%, and 3.8%, respectively, showed a significant decrease (P < .001). Following a similar pattern, the rates of preterm birth were 5.4%, 4.1%, and 3.7% (a significant reduction with P < .001). These improvements in pregnancy outcome do not disappear after standardization of mother's age, high blood pressure, or social class distribution. These findings, which concur with the results of others, enhance the hypothesis of a direct relationship between a prevention program and a reduction in preterm birth rates.

scholarly journals Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: a register-based cohort study of 1.4 million births

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Rumrich ◽  
Kirsi Vähäkangas ◽  
Matti Viluksela ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
Hanna de Ruyter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
High Head

ObjectivesThe aim of our work was to analyse the effect of maternal smoking on body size and body proportions of newborns when the mother had smoked only during the first trimester, in comparison with continued smoking after the first trimester. Furthermore, we have evaluated how growth restriction associated with maternal smoking contributes to changes in body proportions.DesignRegister-based cohort studySettingMaternal Exposure (MATEX) cohort identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register.ParticipantsSingleton births without congenital anomalies and missing data (1.38 million) from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2016.MethodsLogistic regression was used to quantify the effect of maternal smoking, stratified by the maternal smoking status.Outcome measuresBody proportions indicated by low brain-to-body ratio (defined as <10th percentile); high ponderal index and high head-to-length ratio (defined as >90th percentile); small body size for gestational age at birth (defined as weight, length or head circumference <10th percentile) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (2500 g).ResultsContinued smoking after the first trimester was associated with high ponderal index (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28), low brain-to-body ratio (1.11, 1.07–1.15) and high head-to-length ratio (1.22, 1.19–1.26), corresponding with absolute risks of 22%, 10% and 19%, respectively). The effects were slightly lower when smoking had been quit during the first trimester. Similar effects were seen for the body size variables and low birth weight. Preterm birth was not associated with smoking only during first trimester.ConclusionsMaternal smoking, independent of smoking duration during pregnancy, was associated with abnormal body proportions resulting from larger reduction of length and head circumference in comparison to weight. The effects of having quit smoking during the first trimester and having continued smoking after the first trimester were similar, suggesting the importance of early pregnancy as a sensitive exposure window.

scholarly journals Periodontal disease treatment and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1823-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês da Rosa ◽  
Patrícia Duarte Simões Pires ◽  
Lidia Rosi Medeiros ◽  
Maria Isabel Edelweiss ◽  
Jeovany Martínez-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Systematic Review

The events leading to preterm birth are still not completely understood. A quantitative systematic review was performed to estimate the effects of periodontal care during pregnancy on preventing preterm birth and low birth weight. The meta-analysis included randomized trials with pregnant women with a diagnosis of periodontal disease before 20 weeks of gestation. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was calculated. We evaluated the reduction in preterm and low birth weight. Thirteen trials were included, comparing 3,576 women in intervention groups with 3,412 women receiving usual care. The meta-analysis of the effects of periodontal disease treatment during pregnancy indicated a non-significant reduction in preterm births (RR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.68-1.19) and low birth weights (RR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.71-1.20). The creation and examination of a funnel plot revealed clear evidence of publication bias. In summary, primary periodontal care during pregnancy cannot be considered an efficient way of reducing the incidence of preterm birth.

scholarly journals Higher Sun Exposure in the First Trimester Is Associated With Reduced Preterm Birth; A Scottish Population Cohort Study Using Linked Maternity and Meteorological Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Megaw ◽  
Tom Clemens ◽  
Konstantinos Daras ◽  
Richard B. Weller ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background: Preterm birth (birth at &lt;37 weeks gestation) is the leading cause of death in children under 5-years-old, and prevention is a global public health issue. Seasonal patterns of preterm birth have been reported, but factors underlying this have been poorly described. Sun exposure is an important environmental variable that has risks and benefits for human health, but the effects of sun exposure on pregnancy duration and preterm birth are unknown.Objectives: To determine the association between available sun exposure and preterm birth.Methods: We performed a population-based data-linkage study of 556,376 singleton births (in 397,370 mothers) at or after 24 weeks gestation, in Scotland between 2000 and 2010. Maternity records were linked to available sun exposure from meteorological records, by postcode. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between available sunshine and preterm birth at &lt;37 weeks gestation. Exploratory analyses included a subgroup analysis of spontaneous and indicated preterm births and a sibling analysis in sib pairs discordant for preterm birth.Results: The rate of preterm birth was 6% (32,958/553,791 live births). Increased available sun exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of preterm birth, with evidence of a dose-response. Compared with the lowest quartile of sun exposure, the highest quartile of sun exposure was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) of preterm birth of 0.90 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.88–0.94 p &lt; 0.01) on univariable analysis and OR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87, 0.93 p &lt; 0.01) after adjustment for second trimester sunlight exposure, parity, maternal age, smoking status, and deprivation category. No association was seen between preterm birth and second trimester available sun exposure or combined first and second trimester exposure. Similar patterns were seen on sibling analysis and within both the indicated and spontaneous preterm subgroups.Discussion: Available sun exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a protective effect on preterm birth &lt;37 weeks gestation. This opens up new mechanisms, and potential therapeutic pathways, for preterm birth prevention.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and perinatal results: a cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Sbrana ◽  
Carlos Grandi ◽  
Murilo Brazan ◽  
Natacha Junquera ◽  
Marina Stevaux Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant social problem that may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to study its association with low birth weight, newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nested cohort study, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 1,370 women and their newborns were evaluated. A standardized questionnaire on health and lifestyle habits was applied to the mothers. Anthropometry was performed on the newborns. Alcohol consumption was defined as low, moderate or high, as defined by the World Health Organization. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: 23% of the women consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Consumption mainly occurred in the first trimester (14.8%) and decreased as the pregnancy progressed. The median alcohol intake was 3.89 g (interquartile range, IQR = 8 g) per day. In the unadjusted analysis, alcohol consumption increased the risk of low birth weight almost twofold (odds ratio, OR 1.91; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.25-2.92). The risk was lower in the adjusted analysis (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03-2.54). Alcohol consumption did not show associations with small for gestational age or preterm birth. There was greater risk of low birth weight and newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth among mothers who were both smokers and drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The alcohol consumption rate during pregnancy was 23% and was independently associated with low birth weight, but there was no risk of newborns small for gestational age or preterm birth.

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