Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 as a Quality Control Isolate for Susceptibility Testing of Haemophilus influenzae with Haemophilus Test Medium

ABSTRACT Current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) susceptibility guidelines for quality control testing withHaemophilus influenzae do not include a β-lactamase-producing strain that could detect the deterioration of the β-lactamase inhibitor components of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. The objective of the study was to determine if comparable quality control results forEscherichia coli ATCC 35218, a β-lactamase-producing strain, would be produced for the three β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor agents with Haemophilus test medium and Mueller-Hinton medium. The criteria used in this study to determine if Haemophilus test medium was acceptable for quality control testing of E. coli ATCC 35218 was that 100% of the results obtained with an antimicrobial agent-methodology combination needed to be within the acceptable NCCLS ranges established with Mueller-Hinton medium. The MIC testing results obtained by the broth microdilution and E-test methods with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam were all within the NCCLS ranges; however, the results obtained with ampicillin-sulbactam by both methods were not within the NCCLS ranges. Acceptable results were obtained by the disk diffusion methodology with ampicillin-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam but not with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. When performing susceptibility testing with H. influenzae with the β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitors, in addition to quality control testing with H. influenzae ATCC 49247, testing of E. coli ATCC 35218 on Haemophilus test medium is an effective way to monitor the β-lactamase inhibitors in some antimicrobial agent-methodology combinations.

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Drug Susceptibility Testing and Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin with Antibiotics against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8020043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rangel-Castañeda Itzia Azucena ◽

Cruz-Lozano José Roberto ◽

Zermeño-Ruiz Martin ◽

Cortes-Zarate Rafael ◽

Hernández-Hernández Leonardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aim: This study investigated the susceptibility of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to curcumin, as well as its synergistic effect with 12 antimicrobial drugs. Methods and Results: Our study shows that curcumin did not affect bacterial growth. The antimicrobial susceptibility of curcumin and antibiotic synergy were identified using disc diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar. The strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli used was resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefazolin. There was synergy between curcumin and the majority of antibiotics tested. Maximum synergy was observed with combinations of 330 µg/mL curcumin and Ceftazidime, followed by Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Trimethoprim, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Tetracycline, and Imipenem. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that curcumin might be useful as a combinatorial strategy to combat the antibiotic resistance of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

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Emergence of high multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from neonates with infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20364/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Wu ◽

Yijun Ding ◽

Jinjing Zhang ◽

Kaihu Yao ◽

Wei Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Escherichia coli (E.coli) rank one of the most common pathogens that can cause neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in newborn with infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistance of E.coli isolated from neonates with infection.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the E. coli strains to selected antibiotics was assessed with the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobials tests were included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone - sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides. The minimal inhibitory concerntration (MIC) values of the antimicrobial agents selected for this study was determined by an agar dilution technique on Mueller-Hinton agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Results A total of 100 E. coli strains was isolated from phlegm (n = 78), blood (n = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 5), and umbilical discharge (n = 7) of neonates hospitalized at Beijing Children’s Hospital. The highest resistance rate of E.coli was found in amoxicillin at 85%, followed by cefuroxime 65%, and cefatriaxone 60%, respectively. 6% and 5% of all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam merely. The resistance rates to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides were 31%, 20%, 33%, 47%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Multidrug resistance was defined in E.coli as resistance to at least three antibiotic families. About 26% (26/100) of all the E.coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing E. coli was 55%. The rate in E. coli isolates from phlegm was higher than aseptic humoral. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the majority of the isolates were also resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents, but the resistant rates were significantly lower than extended-spectrum β-lactamases.Conclusions: Multi-drug-resistant E.coli has become a thorny problem in clinical treatment. It is necessary to monitor E. coli resistance.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates in Neonatal Ward

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.670470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Wu ◽

Yijun Ding ◽

Kaihu Yao ◽

Wei Gao ◽

Yajuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Test Technique ◽

E Coli ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Background:Escherichia coli (E. coli) column for one of the most common pathogens causing neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in infected newborns. The purpose of this study was to describe antibiotic and multidrug resistance of E. coli strains isolated from neonates with infection throughout the years 2009–2011.Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli strains to selected antibiotics was assessed using the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobial tests included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone- sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides.Results: A total of 100 E. coli strains were isolated from sputum (n = 78), blood (n = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 5), and umbilical discharge (n = 7) samples of hospitalized neonates at the Beijing Children's Hospital. The highest rate of E. coli resistance was found in amoxicillin (85%), followed by cefuroxime (65%), and cefatriaxone (60%), respectively. A total of 6 and 5% of all isolates were only resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam. The rates of resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides were 31, 20, 33, and 47%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Approximately 26% of all E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing E. coli was 55%.Conclusions: Multi-drug-resistant E. coli has become an important and complex problem in clinical treatment, and it is thus essential to monitor E. coli resistance in neonates.

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Extended-spectrum resistance to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (ESRI) evolved from low-level resistant Escherichia coli

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkz393 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres ◽

María Luisa Gil-Marqués ◽

Rocío Álvarez-Marín ◽

Rémy A Bonnin ◽

María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Copy Numbers ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Objectives Escherichia coli is characterized by three resistance patterns to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs): (i) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RSS); (ii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (RRS); and (iii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RRR). These resistance patterns are acquired consecutively, indicating a potential risk of developing resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, but the precise mechanism of this process is not completely understood. Methods Clinical isolates incrementally pressured by piperacillin/tazobactam selection in vitro and in vivo were used. We determined the MIC of piperacillin/tazobactam in the presence and absence of piperacillin/tazobactam pressure. We deciphered the role of the blaTEM genes in the new concept of extended-spectrum resistance to BLs/BLIs (ESRI) using genomic analysis. The activity of β-lactamase was quantified in these isolates. Results We show that piperacillin/tazobactam resistance is induced in E. coli carrying blaTEM genes. This resistance is due to the increase in copy numbers and transcription levels of the blaTEM gene, thus increasing β-lactamase activity and consequently increasing piperacillin/tazobactam MICs. Genome sequencing of two blaTEM-carrying representative isolates showed that piperacillin/tazobactam treatment produced two types of duplications of blaTEM (8 and 60 copies, respectively). In the clinical setting, piperacillin/tazobactam treatment of patients infected by E. coli carrying blaTEM is associated with a risk of therapeutic failure. Conclusions This study describes for the first time the ESRI in E. coli. This new concept is very important in the understanding of the mechanism involved in the acquisition of resistance to BLs/BLIs.

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Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4909452 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Antonio Sorlózano-Puerto ◽

José María Gómez-Luque ◽

Juan de Dios Luna-del-Castillo ◽

José María Navarro-Marí ◽

José Gutiérrez-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Total Activity ◽

Geographic Area ◽

E Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Reduced Activity

Background.The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria most frequently responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) in the population of under-2-year-olds in our geographic area and to evaluate the activity of antibiotics widely used for UTI treatment during a 4-year study period.Materials and Methods.A retrospective analysis was conducted of data on the identification and susceptibility of microorganisms isolated in urine samples from children under 2 years of age.Results.A total of 1,045 uropathogens were isolated.Escherichia coliaccounted for the majority (60.3%) of these, followed byEnterococcus faecalis(22.4%) andKlebsiellaspp. (6.5%). The highestE. colisusceptibility rates (>90%) were to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin, and the lowest were to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole. Among all bacteria isolated, we highlight the overall high activity of piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin against both community and hospital isolates and the reduced activity of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole. There was no significant change in the total activity of any of the studied antibiotics over the 4-year study period.Conclusion.Empiric treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins, and gentamicin may be inadequate due to their limited activity against uropathogens in our setting.

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ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATE FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION OF THALASSEMIC PATIENTS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE

Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry - Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 28, No. 28, 2020 ◽

10.48141/sbjchem.v28.n28.2020.04_okab_pgs_22_33.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (28) ◽

pp. 22-33

Author(s):

Alaa Abood Yasir OKAB ◽

Manal B SALIH

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tract Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as a pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.

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Avaliação do Perfil de Sensibilidade aos Antibióticos na Infeção Urinária da Comunidade

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.5352 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 737 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rui Passadouro ◽

Raquel Fonseca ◽

Felícia Figueiredo ◽

Andreia Lopes ◽

Cristina Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Activity Level ◽

E Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: The urinary tract infections, after respiratory infections, are the most common in the community. The knowledge about the prevalence of microbial strains and their antibiotic susceptibility is crucial to establish an effective empirical therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from positive urine cultures performed in patients from the central region of Portugal. Material and Methods: We carried out a documental analysis of 6008 urine bacteriological exams, to be made available to physicians, most of which run through the automated system VITEK 2, bioMérieux. The majority (80%) of the urine bacteriological exams were from female. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen (65.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp (12%). Results: Nitrofurantoin showed high levels of activity (96%) for Escherichia coli, as well as Fosfomycin (96.6%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid presents an activity level of only 81.1% for the same germ. Quinolones exhibit efficacy to only 78% of the strains of Escherichia coli, below the Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin showed high levels of activity (96%) for E. coli as well as Fosfomycin (96.6%). Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid presents a level of activity of only 81.1% for the same germ. The quinolones have a efficacy for only 78% of strains of E. coli, lower than Fosfomycin. Discussion: Escherichia Coli was the most prevalent uropathogen (65.9%). High efficacy against this pathogenic agent was found for Fosfomycin (96.6%) and Nitrofurantoin (96%). Conclusion: Further antimicrobial surveillance studies should be developed, in order to formulate local empirical therapy recommendations for optimized therapeutical choices. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Community-Acquired Infections.

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Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Olivia Sochi Egbule ◽

Benson C. Iweriebor ◽

Edward Ikenna Odum

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Evolution ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

And Gender

Antibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (MBL-Ec) isolated from pig abattoir and handlers in retail shops was studied. In addition, the relationship between the isolates’ prevalence and the background characteristics of the butchers/retailers was also investigated. Samples from 32 hand swabs of pork sellers at retail shops and 8 butchers at abattoirs, as well as 272 swabs taken from knives, tables, floors, water troughs, and carcasses from both retail shops and abattoirs, were collected. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from hand swabs, fomites, and carcasses and were identified by standard microbiological procedures. The isolates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefixime (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), and meropenem (10 µg) and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL was determined by phenotypic methods. Demographic information of the handlers was retrieved by means of a structured questionnaire and, in some cases, via face to face interviews. Out of 104 E. coli isolates from both sources, 52 (50.0%) and 8 (7.7%) were ESBL and MBL producers, respectively. ESBL was more prevalent on the hands of the retailers (40.6%) and butchers (75.0%). The isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and 4.8% resistant to nitrofurantoin. Diverse resistance patterns were observed among ESBL-Ec and MBL-Ec. It was found that 90% of ESBL-Ec and 100% of MBL-Ec were multidrug-resistant. A possible epidemiological link between the two sources was observed. The prevalence of E. coli ESBL- and MBL-producing isolates was associated with the duty performed by handlers (p = 0.012) and gender (p = 0.012). Our results provide evidence that the handlers’ hands and abattoir environment had a great role to play in the high prevalence and resistance profiles of the microorganisms.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolate from Urinary Tract Infection Of Thalassemic Patients in Thi-Qar Province

Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry - Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 28, No. 28, 2020 ◽

10.37633/sbjc.28(28)2020.22-33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (28) ◽

pp. 22-33

Author(s):

Alaa Abood Yasir Okab ◽

Manal Salih

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tract Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.

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Faecal Carriage Rate of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumonia Among Apparently Health Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-69223/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kuma Urgeya Diriba ◽

Ephrem Awulachew ◽

Lami Takele ◽

Zemachu Ashuro

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

University Student ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Health Food ◽

E Coli ◽

Faecal Carriage ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background: The rapid spread of extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae among food handlers, which can cause food borne outbreaks, is a public health concern and become a serious world threat. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the predominant ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae. There is no sufficient data related to this in underdeveloped countries. Objective: This study was aimed assess the magnitude of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from stool of apparently health food handlers in the Dilla University Student Cafeteria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to September 2018/2019. A structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio- demographics. A total of 220 stool samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and a series of biochemical tests was done for the identification of bacterial species. Double-disk synergy (DDS) method was used for the detection of ESBL-producing strains. A disc of amoxicillin clavulanic acid was placed in the center of the Mueller–Hinton agar plate, and cefotaxime, aztreonam, and ceftazidime were placed at a distance of 20mm from the disk placed at center. Enhanced inhibition zone of any of the cephalosporin discs on the side facing amoxicillin clavulanic acid was considered as ESBL producer. Results: The rate of faecal carriage of E. coli and K. pneumonia among the food handlers of the current study was found to be 66.4%, of which 81.5% was E. coli, while 18.5% was K. pneumonia. From the total bacterial isolates, 25.3% were confirmed to be positive for ESBL production of which 19.9% was E. coli, while 5.5% was K. pneumonia. ESBL-producing faecal carriage showed high resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime with resistance rate ranged from 88-100%, while the least resistance rate was seen against imipenem accounted <26.3%. In this study, around 91.9% of ESBL-producing isolates were co-resistant to β -lactams antibiotics plus at least one of the non β -lactam antibiotics. Only food handlers who used antibiotics repeatedly in the last 3months were significantly associated with the ESBL carriage with P values of 0.001, 95% CI (1.12-3.18). Conclusion: The magnitude of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumonia faecal carriage is alarmingly high and a threat to human health. The occurrence of multidrug resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and non-β lactam antibiotics is more common among ESBL producers. Detecting and reporting of ESBL-producing organisms have a remarkable importance in clinical decision-making. Hence, a coordinated effort should be implemented for the prevention and control the disease Enterobacteriaceae

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