scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Human Skin Blister Fluid

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Trampuz ◽  
Markus Wenk ◽  
Zarko Rajacic ◽  
Werner Zimmerli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Blister Fluid ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Skin Blister ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in serum and in skin blister fluid (SBF) was determined for 20 volunteers after a single 500-mg oral dose of levofloxacin. In addition, ex vivo bactericidal activity of SBF against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was studied. SBF containing levofloxacin and granulocytes killed 5.2 log of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and 2.0 log of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria during a 6-h incubation.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gatifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in a Granulocyte-Rich Exudate

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3630-3633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Trampuz ◽  
Gerd Laifer ◽  
Markus Wenk ◽  
Zarko Rajacic ◽  
Werner Zimmerli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Blister Fluid ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Skin Blister ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin were assessed in serum and in skin blister fluid (SBF), as was the pharmacodynamic activity in SBF. Five hours after a single dose of gatifloxacin, SBF killed 2.5 logs of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1.5 log of Staphylococcus aureus during a 2-h incubation ex vivo.

scholarly journals Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (13) ◽  
pp. 4996-5001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili Regev-Yochay ◽  
Krzysztof Trzciński ◽  
Claudette M. Thompson ◽  
Richard Malley ◽  
Marc Lipsitch
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Pyruvate Oxidase ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT The bactericidal activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae toward Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase eliminated this activity. Pneumococci grown anaerobically or genetically lacking pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) were not bactericidal, nor were nonpneumococcal streptococci. These results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the interspecies interference observed in epidemiologic studies.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activities of Methoxyfluoroquinolones Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiratory Pathogens in Serum

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Stein ◽  
Sharon Schooley ◽  
Kerin L. Tyrrell ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Peptostreptococcus Magnus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and moxifloxacin (Bayer) are new methoxyfluoroquinolones with broad-spectrum activity against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens of the respiratory tract. In this investigation, we analyzed the bactericidal activity in serum over time of these antimicrobials against three aerobic (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and four anaerobic (Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella melaninogenica) bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections. Serum samples were obtained from 11 healthy male subjects following a single 400-mg oral dose of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. These samples were collected prior to and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after the dose of each drug. Gatifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 12 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml), and F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml) and 24 h against H. influenzae (MIC = 0.03 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). Moxifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 24 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), H. influenzae (MIC = 0.015 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.06 μg/ml), F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC =0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml). The results from this pharmacodynamic study suggest that these fluoroquinolones would have prolonged killing activity against these organisms in vivo and may have clinical utility in the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic respiratory tract infections.

Levels of itraconazole in skin blister fluid after a single oral dose and during repetitive administration

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Schäfer-Korting ◽  
Hans Christian Korting ◽  
Andreas Lukacs ◽  
Jos Heykants ◽  
Hans Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Blister Fluid ◽  
Skin Blister
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