scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance E. Coli and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Aquatic Environment of Taihu Lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ni Han ◽  
Song He Zhang ◽  
Pei Fang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Realtime Pcr

The aims of this study are to evaluate multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and to investigate the presence and distribution antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sediments of Taihu Lake. The results show that the presentence of four ARGs concentrations in the sediments of the lake was in sequence: strB>qnrB>strA>qnrS, as determined by realtime-PCR technique. The southwest and east areas of Taihu Lake were polluted seriously than other areas from all kinds of antibiotics. The screening Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin than other four antibiotics, and had a lowest resistance to levofloxacin.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O. C. Adekunle ◽  
A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽  
R. Ojedele ◽  
G. Odewale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

Integron-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPAKANA NAGACHINTA ◽  
JINRU CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
K 12

This study was undertaken to characterize the integrons present in a group of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates and the ability of these integrons to transfer antibiotic resistance genes from STEC to E. coli K-12 MG1655. A total of 177 STEC isolates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of integrons. Class 1 integrons were detected in 14 STEC isolates, and a class 2 integron was identified in 1 STEC isolate. The STEC isolates positive for class 1 integrons were resistant to streptomycin (MICs > 128 μg/ml) and sulfisoxazole (MICs > 1,024 μg/ml), and the isolate positive for the class 2 integron was resistant to streptomycin (MIC of 128 μg/ml), trimethoprim (MIC > 256 μg/ml), and streptothricin (MIC > 32 μg/ml). Results of restriction digestion and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the cassette regions of the class 1 integrons had a uniform size of 1.1 kb and contained a nucleotide sequence identical to that of aadA1. The class 2 integron cassette region was 2.0 kb and carried nucleotide sequences homologous to those of aadA1, sat1, and dfrA1. Results of the conjugation experiments revealed that horizontal transfers of conjugative plasmids are responsible for the dissemination of class 1 integron–mediated antibiotic resistance genes from STEC to E. coli K-12 MG1655. Antibiotic resistance traits not mediated by integrons, such as resistance to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, were cotransferred with the integron-mediated antibiotic resistance genes. The study suggested a possible role of integron and conjugative plasmid in dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antibiotics from pathogenic to generic E. coli cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Urban Wastewater Discharge on the Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Two Italian Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Pantanella ◽  
Itziar Lekunberri ◽  
Antonella Gagliardi ◽  
Giuseppe Venuto ◽  
Alexandre Sànchez-Melsió ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Absolute Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Background: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are microbial factories aimed to reduce the amount of nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms in the treated wastewater before its discharge into the environment. We studied the impact of urban WWTP effluents on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR-E. coli) in the last stretch of two rivers (Arrone and Tiber) in Central Italy that differ in size and flow volume. Methods: Water samples were collected in three seasons upstream and downstream of the WWTP, at the WWTP outlet, and at sea sites near the river mouth, and analyzed for the abundance of ARGs by qPCR and AR-E. coli using cultivation followed by disk diffusion assays. Results: For all studied genes (16S rRNA, intI1, sul1, ermB, blaTEM, tetW and qnrS), absolute concentrations were significantly higher in the Tiber than in the Arrone at all sampling sites, despite their collection date, but the prevalence of target ARGs within bacterial communities in both rivers was similar. The absolute concentrations of most ARGs were also generally higher in the WWTP effluent with median levels between log 4 and log 6 copies per ml but did not show differences along the studied stretches of rivers. Statistically significant site effect was found for E. coli phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in the Arrone but not in the Tiber. Conclusions: In both rivers, diffuse or point pollution sources other than the studied WWTP effluents may account for the observed resistance pattern, although the Arrone appears as more sensitive to the wastewater impact considering its lower flow volume.

scholarly journals Tracking antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli isolates from wastewater and agricultural fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shamsizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Mehdi Mokhtari ◽  
Mahsa Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Considering high concentrations of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater, agricultural reuse of treated wastewater may be a public health threat due to ARGs dissemination in different environmental compartments, including soil and edible parts of crops. We investigated the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli as an indicator bacterium from secondary treated wastewater (STWW), water- or wastewater-irrigated soil and crop samples. ARGs including blaCTX-m-32, blaOXA-23, tet-W, sul1, cml-A, erm-B, along with intI1 gene in E. coli isolates were detected via molecular methods. The most prevalent ARGs in 78 E. coli isolates were sul1 (42%), followed by blaCTX-m-32 (19%), and erm-B (17%). IntI1 as a class 1 integrons gene was detected in 46% of the isolates. Cml-A was detected in STWW isolates but no E. coli isolate from wastewater-irrigated soil and crop samples contain this gene. The results also showed no detection of E. coli in water-irrigated soil and crop samples. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between sul1 and cml-A with intI1. The results suggest that agricultural reuse of wastewater may contribute to the transmission of ARB to soil and crop. Further research is needed to determine the potential risk of ARB associated with the consumption of wastewater-irrigated crops.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with diarrhea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Bonyadian ◽  
Sara Barati ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mahzounieh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resis Tance ◽  
Stool Samples

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is a common enteric pathogen of human and livevestock. Antibiotic resis- tance is the main concern of public health. The aim of this study was to detect this bacterium in stool samples of diarrheal patients and identify the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antibiotic-resistant isolates such as dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, qnr, aac(3)-IV in Shahrekord. Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty diarrheal stool samples from patients were collected. Microbiological and biochemical examinations were done to detect E. coli. Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates were determined using dick diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Results: Among 114 E. coli isolates, the least resistance was for gentamicin (0%) and the most resistance was for trimetho- prim (79.8%). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and tetracycline were 71.05%, 10.5%, 52.63%, and 3.5% respectively. The results of PCR assay revealed that 10 isolates contain sul1, 49 isolates harbor citm, 8 isolates tetA, 36 isolates dfrA1, 11 isolates qnr genes but there was no isolate with aac(3)-IV gene. In comparison between phenotypic and genotypic of the isolates revealed that citm, tetA, dfrA1, qnr, sul1, aac(3)-IV genes covered 42.98%, 7.01%, 31.57%, 9.64%, 8.7%, 0% of the antibiotic resistance, respectively. Conclusion: Our results revealed that all isolates harbor one or more antibiotic resistance genes and that the PCR is a fast practical and appropriate method to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of biosynthetic gold nanoparticles on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from ruminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 3200-3210
Author(s):  
Abeer M. Abdalhamed ◽  
Alaa A. Ghazy ◽  
Eman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Amany A. Arafa ◽  
Gamil S. G. Zeedan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic microorganisms have become a global problem in ruminants as a result of the intensive use of antibiotics, causing the development of resistance among gut microbiota. The antibiotic-resistant microorganisms can be transferred from diseased animals to humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats suffering from respiratory signs, diarrhea, and mastitis and to screen the antibiotic sensitivity of selected isolated bacteria. It also detected antibiotic-resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), produced green gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts (Artemisia herba-alba and Morus alba), and evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these biosynthesized nanoparticles on selected pathogens (E. coli and Salmonella spp.). Materials and Methods: MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. were investigated using fecal samples (n=408), nasal swabs (n=358), and milk samples (n=227) of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats with or without clinical signs, including respiratory manifestations, pneumonia, diarrhea, and mastitis, from different governorates in Egypt. E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified on selective media, which were confirmed by biochemical reactions and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 10 commonly used antibiotics was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M were detected by PCR. The antibacterial effect of the biosynthesized AuNPs was evaluated by MIC and well diffusion assay. The biosynthesized AuNPs were also characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Among all fecal samples, the prevalence of E. coli was 18.4% (183/993) and that of Salmonella spp. was 16.7% (66/408), as determined by cultural and molecular tests. All isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were 100% resistant to ampicillin (AM) and amoxicillin and highly resistant to cefoxitin and AM-sulbactam. The total rate of resistance genes in E. coli was 61.2% (112/183), while that in Salmonella was 63.6% (42/66) for pathogens isolated from ruminants with respiratory manifestations, pneumonia, diarrhea, and mastitis. Among the resistance genes, blaTEM had the highest prevalence rate in E. coli (25.9%, 21/81) while blaSHV had the lowest (9.8%, 8/81) in fecal swabs. AuNPs were successfully synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of A. herba-alba and M. alba as bioreducing agents. TEM analysis showed particle size of 10-42 nm for A. herba-alba and M. alba AuNPs. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed antibacterial activity against MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. Conclusion: Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are the cornerstone for effective treatment to reduce the risk of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. This is particularly important for overcoming the increasing rate of MDR in ruminants with respiratory manifestations, pneumonia, diarrhea, and mastitis. This can be complemented by the development of AuNPs synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner AuNPs using natural plant extracts for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles and frequency of resistance genes in clinical Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Michigan over a 14-year period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana Mukherjee ◽  
Heather M. Blankenship ◽  
Jose A. Rodrigues ◽  
Rebekah E. Mosci ◽  
James T. Rudrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that contributes to over 250,000 infections in the US each year. Because antibiotics are not recommended for STEC infections, resistance in STEC has not been widely researched despite an increased likelihood for the transfer of resistance gene from STEC to opportunistic pathogens residing within the same microbial community. Methods: Between 2001 and 2014, 969 STEC isolates were collected from Michigan patients. Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility profiles to clinically relevant antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion, while epidemiological data was used to identify factors associated with resistance. Whole genome sequencing was used to examine genetic relatedness and identify genetic determinants and mechanisms of resistance in the non-O157 isolates. Results: Increasing frequencies of resistance to at least one antibiotic was observed over the 14 years (p=0.01). While the non-O157 serogroups were more commonly resistant than O157 (Odds Ratio: 2.4; 95% Confidence Interval:1.43-4.05), the frequency of ampicillin resistance among O157 isolates was significantly higher in Michigan compared to the national average (p=0.03). Genomic analysis of 321 non-O157 isolates uncovered 32 distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although mutations in genes encoding resistance to ciprofloxacin and ampicillin were detected in four isolates, most of the horizontally acquired ARGs conferred resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, sulfonamides and/or tetracycline. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the mechanisms of resistance in a large collection of clinical non-O157 STEC isolates and demonstrates that antibiotic resistance among all STEC serogroups has increased over time, prompting the need for enhanced surveillance.

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