scholarly journals Selection of Fecal Enterococci ExhibitingtcrB-Mediated Copper Resistance in Pigs Fed Diets Supplemented with Copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5597-5603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Amachawadi ◽  
N. W. Shelton ◽  
X. Shi ◽  
J. Vinasco ◽  
S. S. Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTCopper, as copper sulfate, is increasingly used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion in weaned piglets. Acquired copper resistance, conferred by a plasmid-borne, transferable copper resistance (tcrB) gene, has been reported inEnterococcus faeciumandE. faecalis. A longitudinal field study was undertaken to determine the relationship between copper supplementation and the prevalence oftcrB-positive enterococci in piglets. The study was done with weaned piglets, housed in 10 pens with 6 piglets per pen, fed diets supplemented with a normal (16.5 ppm; control) or an elevated (125 ppm) level of copper. Fecal samples were randomly collected from three piglets per pen on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 and plated on M-Enterococcusagar, and three enterococcal isolates were obtained from each sample. The overall prevalence oftcrB-positive enterococci was 21.1% (38/180) in piglets fed elevated copper and 2.8% (5/180) in the control. Among the 43tcrB-positive isolates, 35 wereE. faeciumand 8 wereE. faecalis. The mean MICs of copper fortcrB-negative andtcrB-positive enterococci were 6.2 and 22.2 mM, respectively. The restriction digestion of the genomic DNA ofE. faeciumorE. faecaliswith S1 nuclease yielded a band of ∼194-kbp size to which bothtcrBand theerm(B) gene probes hybridized. A conjugation assay demonstrated cotransfer oftcrBanderm(B) genes betweenE. faeciumandE. faecalisstrains. The higher prevalence oftcrB-positive enterococci in piglets fed elevated copper compared to that in piglets fed normal copper suggests that supplementation of copper in swine diets selected for resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluating Kupferstein’s claims of the relationship of behavioral intervention to PTSS for individuals with autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Barrett Leaf ◽  
Robert K. Ross ◽  
Joseph H. Cihon ◽  
Mary Jane Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Kupferstein (2018) surveyed 460 respondents and found that 46 percent of respondents met the diagnostic threshold for posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to applied-behavior-analysis-based intervention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation a critical analysis of Kupferstein (2018) including the experimental methods and discussion of the results. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluated the Kupferstein’s methodological rigor with respect to the use of hypothesis testing, use of indirect measures, selection of respondents, ambiguity in definitions, measurement system, and framing of the experimental question when conducting the correlational analysis in addition to Kupferstein’s analysis and discussion of the results. Findings Based upon the analysis, Kupferstein’s results should be viewed with extreme caution due to several methodological and conceptual flaws including, but not limited to, leading questions used within a non-validated survey, failure to confirm diagnosis, and incomplete description of interventions. Originality/value It is the authors’ hope that this analysis provides caregivers, clinicians, and service providers with a scientific lens which will useful in viewing the limitations and methodological flaws of Kupferstein.

Coordinating cereal farmers and buyers: evidence from Mali

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Vroegindewey ◽  
Veronique Theriault ◽  
John Staatz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Vertical Coordination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cost Characteristics ◽  
Production Prices ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how various transaction-cost characteristics influence the choice of vertical coordination (VC) structures (e.g. different contract types) and horizontal coordination (HC) structures (e.g. different farmer organization types) to link smallholder farmers efficiently with buyers. It analyzes the relationship between vertical and horizontal structures, and the economic sustainability of different structure combinations. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a conceptual framework to predict coordination structures as a function of transaction-cost characteristics, compares predictions for the Malian cereals market to empirical evidence using 15 case studies, and then analyzes structure combinations. Findings Asymmetric scale between farmers and buyers; uncertainty in production, prices, policy, and contract enforcement; and quality and quantity debasement lead to selections of structures with high levels of control. Vertical and horizontal structures demonstrate a complementary relationship in certain core coordination roles, while exhibiting substitutability in the provision of other coordination activities. The marketing cooperative and marketing contract pairing is the most prevalent combination. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework is useful for explaining the selection of coordination structures, and can be applied in other contexts to strengthen external validity. Originality/value The framework facilitates predictions and explanation of both VC and HC structures, with empirical application on a country and value chains receiving little attention in the literature.

scholarly journals Engaging the multi-generational workforce in tourism and hospitality

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Barron ◽  
Anna Leask ◽  
Alan Fyall
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to present strategies that hospitality and tourism organisations might adopt as a means of encouraging employee engagement, thus enabling the more effective management of an increasingly multi-generational workforce. This paper evaluates current strategies being adopted that might encourage employee engagement by a selection of hospitality and tourism organisations and develop recommendations for organisations wishing to more effectively engage the multi-generational workforce. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts a mixed methods approach and presents findings based on a series of semi-structured interviews with management and self-completion questionnaires aimed at employees. Findings – The relationship between the supervisor and the employee remains a key enhancer regarding engagement and employees are increasingly demanding more contemporary methods of communication. Employers should take note of generational characteristics and adopt flexible policies attractive to all employees. Practical implications – This paper contributes no t only to the debate regarding generational differences in the workplace but it also identifies that the various generations evident in tourism organisations are desirous of similar working conditions and benefits. Organisations should consider the development of a range of packages that focus on linking employees with their purpose, their colleagues and their resources as a means of encouraging employee engagement. Originality/value – This study contributes to the debate regarding employee engagement and compares and contrasts initiatives that various tourism and hospitality organisations are adopting as a means of encouraging employee engagement. The study also elicits the views of the organisations employees to understand the extent of the effectiveness of such initiatives and makes recommendations regarding the most effective initiatives from both a management and employee perspective.

RunayaySoft

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-131
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo González Vargas ◽  
Angela Carrillo-Ramos ◽  
Ramon Fabregat ◽  
Lizzeth Camargo ◽  
Maria Caridad García Cepero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disciplinary Area ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a support system to the selection of enrichment activities in educational environment called RunayaySoft, where Runayay comes from the word Quechua that means develop and Soft as it is an informatics tool that supports the educational institutions and their students, in the selection of activities that allow foster some of their skills based on their interests, learning styles, aptitudes, multiple intelligences, preferences and so on. Moreover, it suggests institutions about the activities that they should make in their building considering student´s characteristics and the agreements that they have. Design/methodology/approach It does a diagnostic for identifying which characteristics are going to be considered to students and institutions. Then, it generates adaptive profiles with the aim of generating suggestions of enrichment activities that allow to boost some of their skills. For the students were considered their preferences, learning style, aptitude, multiple intelligences and interests. In the case of institutions were the agreements, resources and activities that they develop. Based on this information, it defines the relations for the generation of suggestions of activities toward students, where it does the prioritization of which activities should be considered. Findings For validating the system, it was done as a functional prototype that generates suggestions to students, as well as educative institutions, through a satisfaction test student assess if they agree or disagree with the suggestions given. With that assessment, it is validated the relationship between student’s characteristics, activity and institution are related for generating activities suggestions. Research limitations/implications RunayaySoft generates adaptive profiles for the students, activity and institution. Each profile has information that allows adapt an advice toward students and institutions. Social implications RunayaySoft considers student’s characteristics, activities and educational institutions for generating suggestions for enrichment activities that allow to boost some of their skills. Many times, when activities are generated in educative institutions, they are not considered a learner’s needs and characteristics. For that reason, the system helps institutions to identify activities that should be done in their facilities or with those institutions which they have agreements when the institutions that students come from do not have the required resources. Originality/value RunayaySoft suggests enrichment activities to students as well as educative institutions. For students, it suggests disciplinary areas where they can boost their skills; for each disciplinary area are recommended activities based on their preferences. Once students select the disciplinary area and activities, the system suggests educative institutions activities that they can do. If the institutions do not have the necessary facilities, the system shows with which other institutions they can set agreements. Moreover, it supports educative institutions to identify enrichment clusters, where it clusters students based on similar interest, allowing institutions to identify the activities that they should focus on.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between leadership and followership of Chinese project managers

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-647
Author(s):  
Haoran Li ◽  
Zhenzhi Zhao ◽  
Ralf Müller ◽  
Jingting Shao
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Nation Wide Survey ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Followership is the free will recognition of leadership in the commitment toward realization of the collectively adopted organization vision and culture. The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between project managers’ leadership and their followership. Most project managers are both leaders and followers at the same time, but research typically investigates only their leadership. This ignores followership as an important aspect in understanding and predicting behavior, and further in the selection of project managers. Design/methodology/approach The method used for this paper is the explanatory in nature and a deductive approach, within which the above research hypothesis is tested through quantitative techniques. Data are collected through a nation-wide survey in China. Data analysis was done through factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Findings The results show that transformational leadership is positively correlated with transformational followership and transactional followership, and that transactional leadership is negatively correlated with transactional followership. Research limitations/implications The paper supports a deeper investigation into leadership and followership theories. A model for both leadership and followership is developed. The findings from this paper will guide organizations to choose the project managers. Originality/value The originality lies in the new way to examine the relationship between leadership and followership. It is the first study on the relationship of project managers. Its value is new insights, which introduced a new perspective to understand leadership and followership.

The relationship between customer orientation, emotional labour and job burnout

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wu ◽  
An-Jin Shie
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study aims to apply the emotional labour concept to illustrate about the relationship between customer orientation (CO) and job burnout, further demonstrating how the relationship is established in the hospitality industry. This study intends to find that emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between CO and emotional labour. Design/methodology/approach The study uses descriptive statistical analysis and reliability analysis. Then, the study uses confirmatory factor analyses to ensure the model fit and discriminant validity of the measures. Finally, the hypothesised relationship model is tested and analysed via regression analysis. Findings The study finds three dimensions of emotional labour all partially mediated the relationship between CO and job burnout. Meanwhile, the study finds that emotional intelligence would moderate the relationship between CO and three dimensions of emotional labour. Research limitations/implications First, the respondents in this study come from five-star hotels in Beijing, China. As the results of this study are based on a sample of Chinese five-star hotel employees, the selection of a single service setting and a single country may raise concerns for the issue of generalisability. Thus, the findings of this study may not generalise to other hospitality contexts, other cultures or other times; research in other settings, geographical areas or times might yield different results. Practical implications High employee job burnout is a thorny problem in the hospitality industry, so it is a great challenge for hospitality management to solve high employee job burnout. As a personality resource, CO will decrease job burnout. Emotional labour is a common issue in hospitality. The study intends to explore the lived experiences of the frontline employees in hospitality industry to explain the role of CO directives on employee job burnout in an emotional labour perspective. The results give suggestions for the hospitality management. Social implications After reviewing of relevant literature, two research gaps are found. First, despite the amount of research showing a negative relationship between CO and job burnout, remarkably little is known about how these relationships are established. Second, a more important gap lies in overlooking the emotional nature of hospitality service work. The results of the study can fill the theoretical gap. Originality/value First, the recruitment and selection of frontline employees should incorporate an assessment of the level of CO. Second, hospitality management should teach and train the employees about the proper control of emotional labour. Third, the recruitment and selection of frontline employees should incorporate an assessment of the level of emotional intelligence; meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the emotional intelligence training.

How do a buyer’s political ties affect the market-based selection of suppliers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebin Yan ◽  
Jiangyong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Technological Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Ties ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Although the differential roles of political and business ties are recognized in the literature, the interplay between political and business ties remains unclear. This study aims to explore how political ties affect the formation of business ties with unfamiliar partners by analyzing how a buyer’s political ties affect the market-based selection of suppliers, an important channel through which the buyer forms business ties with unfamiliar suppliers. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 204 Chinese manufacturing firms was conducted to elucidate the relationship between political ties and the market-based selection of suppliers. Findings The findings suggest that buyers with strong political ties are more likely to engage in the market-based selection of suppliers; this positive relationship is diminished when social control is preferred over contractual control in the buyer’s supplier governance and is enhanced when technological uncertainty is high. Originality/value First, this study sheds light on the interplay between political and business ties by revealing how the buyer’s political ties affect the formation of business ties with unfamiliar suppliers, as represented by the market-based selection of suppliers. Second, it uncovers the boundary conditions of the effect of political ties by revealing the moderating effect of social control preference and technological uncertainty. Third, it extends the interorganizational governance structure literature from its focus on the complement-substitute debate on social control and contractual control to examine the contingent effect of a hybrid governance structure.

Critical insights from the corporate environmentalism – competitiveness investigations

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kudłak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Corporate Environmentalism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the existing empirical findings of the corporate environmentalism-competitiveness investigations as well as their methodological and cognitive shortcomings. Design/methodology/approach – An examination of the literature was conducted to identify the most seminal and novel studies exploring the relationship between corporate environmentalism and competitiveness. A range of works were selected and their conceptual frameworks, variables and statistical design were obtained and analysed. Findings – Although existing studies tend to suggest that corporate environmentalism have a positive (or at least neutral) impact on competitiveness, more detailed and critical examination of these studies shows important methodological, cognitive and logical shortcomings, which challenge these findings. Research limitations/implications – It is not an exhaustive review of all the existing studies, but rather a selection of the most seminal studies which represent different approaches and methodologies applied as well as a variety of empirical findings. Practical implications – The study challenges the existing empirical findings arguing that corporate environmentalism positively affects a company's competitiveness. The present paper claims that the ultimate conclusion on the relationship can be determined after at least some of the most significant shortcomings are solved. Originality/value – The study is based on a broad investigation of existing studies, out of which the most seminal and original papers were selected. In addition, the paper offers suggestions for the future empirical investigations.

The concept of information and questions of users with visual disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-800
Author(s):  
Jirí Tomáš Stodola
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the functionality of the particular epistemological schools with regard to the issues of users with visual impairment, to offer a theoretical answer to the question why these issues are not in the center of the interest of information science, and to try to find an epistemological approach that has ambitions to create the theoretical basis for the analysis of the relationship between information and visually impaired users. Design/methodology/approach – The methodological basis of the paper is determined by the selection of the epistemological approach. In order to think about the concept of information and to put it in relation to issues associated with users with visual impairment, a conceptual analysis is applied. Findings – Most of information science theories are based on empiricism and rationalism; this is the reason for their low interest in the questions of visually impaired users. Users with visual disabilities are out of the interest of rationalistic epistemology because it underestimates sensory perception; empiricism is not interested in them paradoxically because it overestimates sensory perception. Realism which fairly reflects such issues is an approach which allows the providing of information to persons with visual disabilities to be dealt with properly. Research limitations/implications – The paper has a speculative character. Its findings should be supported by empirical research in the future. Practical implications – Theoretical questions solved in the paper come from the practice of providing information to visually impaired users. Because practice has an influence on theory and vice versa, the author hopes that the findings included in the paper can serve to improve practice in the field. Social implications – The paper provides theoretical anchoring of the issues which are related to the inclusion of people with disabilities into society and its findings have a potential to support such efforts. Originality/value – This is first study linking questions of users with visual disabilities to highly abstract issues connected to the concept of information.

TQM practices and quality management performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeri Arumugam ◽  
Keng‐Boon Ooi ◽  
Tuck‐Chee Fong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between total quality management (TQM) practices and quality performance with special emphasis on ISO 9001:2000 certified manufacturing organizations in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data was drawn from 122 ISO 9001:2000 certified manufacturing organizations in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses.FindingsThe findings revealed that TQM practices were found to be partially correlated with quality performance of the Malaysian ISO 9001:2000 certified manufacturing organizations. It is also found that where customer focus and continual improvement were perceived as dominant TQM practices in quality performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research paper was limited by excluding non‐ISO 9001:2000 certified organizations in the selection of manufacturing firms in Malaysia, making this a possibly biased selection, which might not adequately represent the Malaysian perspective on the entire Malaysia's manufacturing industry.Originality/valueThe outcome of the study could provide valuable knowledge to top management of ISO 9001:2000 certified manufacturing organizations to refine their quality management practices and subsequently improve quality performance.

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