scholarly journals Plant- and Microbe-Derived Compounds Affect the Expression of Genes Encoding Antifungal Compounds in a Pseudomonad with Biocontrol Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice de Werra ◽  
Aurélie Huser ◽  
Raphael Tabacchi ◽  
Christoph Keel ◽  
Monika Maurhofer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Antifungal Genes

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the impacts of 63 different low-molecular-weight compounds, most of them plant derived, on thein vitroexpression of two antifungal biosynthetic genes by the plant-protecting rhizobacteriumPseudomonas fluorescensCHA0. The majority of the compounds tested affected the expression of one or both antifungal genes. This suggests that biocontrol activity in plant-beneficial pseudomonads is modulated by plant-bacterium signaling.

scholarly journals Holistic Metabolomic Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT): Development and Use for the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Petr G. Lokhov ◽  
Dmitry L. Maslov ◽  
Steven Lichtenberg ◽  
Oxana P. Trifonova ◽  
Elena E. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

A laboratory-developed test (LDT) is a type of in vitro diagnostic test that is developed and used within a single laboratory. The holistic metabolomic LDT integrating the currently available data on human metabolic pathways, changes in the concentrations of low-molecular-weight compounds in the human blood during diseases and other conditions, and their prevalent location in the body was developed. That is, the LDT uses all of the accumulated metabolic data relevant for disease diagnosis and high-resolution mass spectrometry with data processing by in-house software. In this study, the LDT was applied to diagnose early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), which currently lacks available laboratory tests. The use of the LDT for blood plasma samples confirmed its ability for such diagnostics with 73% accuracy. The diagnosis was based on relevant data, such as the detection of overrepresented metabolite sets associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the ability of the LDT to detect normal composition of low-molecular-weight compounds in blood was demonstrated, thus providing a definition of healthy at the molecular level. This LDT approach as a screening tool can be used for the further widespread testing for other diseases, since ‘omics’ tests, to which the metabolomic LDT belongs, cover a variety of them.

scholarly journals Low-Molecular-Weight Metabolites Secreted by Paenibacillus larvae as Potential Virulence Factors of American Foulbrood

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2484-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedwig-Annabell Schild ◽  
Sebastian W. Fuchs ◽  
Helge B. Bode ◽  
Bernd Grünewald
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe spore-forming bacteriumPaenibacillus larvaecauses a severe and highly infective bee disease, American foulbrood (AFB). Despite the large economic losses induced by AFB, the virulence factors produced byP. larvaeare as yet unknown. To identify such virulence factors, we experimentally infected young, susceptible larvae of the honeybee,Apis mellifera carnica, with differentP. larvaeisolates. Honeybee larvae were rearedin vitroin 24-well plates in the laboratory after isolation from the brood comb. We identified genotype-specific differences in the etiopathology of AFB between the tested isolates ofP. larvae, which were revealed by differences in the median lethal times. Furthermore, we confirmed that extracts ofP. larvaecultures contain low-molecular-weight compounds, which are toxic to honeybee larvae. Our data indicate thatP. larvaesecretes metabolites into the medium with a potent honeybee toxic activity pointing to a novel pathogenic factor(s) ofP. larvae. Genome mining ofP. larvaesubsp.larvaeBRL-230010 led to the identification of several biosynthesis gene clusters putatively involved in natural product biosynthesis, highlighting the potential ofP. larvaeto produce such compounds.

scholarly journals Activity of Aztreonam in Combination with Avibactam, Clavulanate, Relebactam, and Vaborbactam against Multidrug-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Biagi ◽  
D. Lamm ◽  
K. Meyer ◽  
A. Vialichka ◽  
M. Jurkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

ABSTRACT The intrinsic L1 metallo- and L2 serine-β-lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia make it naturally multidrug resistant and difficult to treat. There is a need to identify novel treatment strategies for this pathogen, especially against isolates resistant to first-line agents. Aztreonam in combination with avibactam has demonstrated potential, although data on other aztreonam–β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations are lacking. Additionally, molecular mechanisms for reduced susceptibility to these combinations have not been explored. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the in vitro activities and to understand the mechanisms of resistance to aztreonam in combination with avibactam, clavulanate, relebactam, and vaborbactam against S. maltophilia. A panel of 47 clinical S. maltophilia strains nonsusceptible to levofloxacin and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were tested against each aztreonam-BLI combination via broth microdilution, and 6 isolates were then evaluated in time-kill analyses. Three isolates with various aztreonam-BLI MICs were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Avibactam restored aztreonam susceptibility in 98% of aztreonam-resistant isolates, compared to 61, 71, and 15% with clavulanate, relebactam, and vaborbactam, respectively. The addition of avibactam to aztreonam resulted in a ≥2-log10-CFU/ml decrease at 24 h versus aztreonam alone against 5/6 isolates compared to 1/6 with clavulanate, 4/6 with relebactam, and 2/6 with vaborbactam. Molecular analyses revealed that decreased susceptibility to aztreonam-avibactam was associated with increased expression of genes encoding L1 and L2, as well as the efflux pump (smeABC). Aztreonam-avibactam is the most promising BLI-combination against multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia. Decreased susceptibility may be due to the combination of overexpressed β-lactamases and efflux pumps. Further studies evaluating this combination against S. maltophilia are warranted.

The role of hemolysate in the facilitation of oxyhemoglobin-induced contraction in rabbit basilar arteries

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Aoki ◽  
Katsunobu Takenaka ◽  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Neal F. Kassell ◽  
Oren Sagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Basilar Arteries ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The importance of factors within hemolysate in modulating oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)-induced contraction was examined in an in vitro model of rabbit basilar arteries. When the basilar arteries were exposed to purified oxyHb alone, the contractile response observed was significantly weaker than that seen in arteries exposed to hemolysate containing an equal concentration of oxyHb. In order to delineate the nature of the factors within hemolysate that facilitate contraction, hemolysate was fractionated, and various components were tested individually for their ability to elicit this effect. A low-molecular-weight fraction of hemolysate, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 kD, elicited only a mild contraction. However, when this fraction was combined with purified oxyHb, the contractile response was comparable in magnitude to that of unfractionated hemolysate. These studies confirm that purified oxyHb is capable of inducing contraction in vitro. The data also demonstrate that oxyHb elicits a significantly weaker contraction than does hemolysate. In addition, the results suggest that low-molecular-weight components in hemolysate (in the 0.5- to 2.0-kD range), while incapable of inducing a potent contraction alone, may act in concert with oxyHb to elicit the vasoconstriction seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Alcoholytic Cleavage of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Chains by Class IV Synthases Induced by Endogenous and Exogenous Ethanol

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manami Hyakutake ◽  
Satoshi Tomizawa ◽  
Kouhei Mizuno ◽  
Hideki Abe ◽  
Takeharu Tsuge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
Class Iv

ABSTRACTPolyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producingBacillusstrains express class IV PHA synthase, which is composed of the subunits PhaR and PhaC. RecombinantEscherichia coliexpressing PHA synthase fromBacillus cereusstrain YB-4 (PhaRCYB-4) showed an unusual reduction of the molecular weight of PHA produced during the stationary phase of growth. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the low-molecular-weight PHA revealed that its carboxy end structure was capped by ethanol, suggesting that the molecular weight reduction was the result of alcoholytic cleavage of PHA chains by PhaRCYB-4induced by endogenous ethanol. This scission reaction was also induced by exogenous ethanol in bothin vivoandin vitroassays. In addition, PhaRCYB-4was observed to have alcoholysis activity for PHA chains synthesized by other synthases. The PHA synthase fromBacillus megaterium(PhaRCBm) from another subgroup of class IV synthases was also assayed and was shown to have weak alcoholysis activity for PHA chains. These results suggest that class IV synthases may commonly share alcoholysis activity as an inherent feature.

Comparison Between The Action Of Heparin And Of Low Molecular Heparin Analogues On The Hemostatic Mechanism

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vinazzer ◽  
A Stemberger ◽  
S Haas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Low molecular weight polysulfated polysaccharides have a considerably weaker influence on overall coagulation than heparin. The activated PTT is however,similarly prolonged by heparin and by low molecular weight heparin analogues. The substances SSHA (Luitpoldwerk, Munich, FRG) and Polyanion SP 54 (Bene-Chemie, Munich, FRG) were examined in detail and were compared to heparin. In vitro,the thrombin time was considerably prolonged by heparin but was minimally influenced by both test substances. The aPTT however, was similarly prolonged by heparin and by the test substances. A series of experiments on factor Xa resulted in a similarly strong inhibition of this activity by heparin and by the test substances whilst inactivation of thrombin was considerably stronger when heparin was present in the system. Single subcutaneous injections of 50 mg heparin given to 10 volunteers resulted in a distinct prolongation of the r- and k-time of the thrombelastogram,of the thrombin time and of the aPTT. 50 mg of the test substances given to the same group of volunteers also prolonged the aPTT but had no influence on the other parameters. The endogenous and exogenous activation of factor Xa from plasma was similarly inhibited by heparin arid by the test substances. Heparin also increased platelet aggregation by collagen. This effect was considerably weaker after injection of the low molecular weight substances. After single injections,all effects subsided within 8 hours. The minimal antithrombin enhancing potency of the two test substances causes a considerably weaker effect on overall coagulation than heparin whilst the potentiating effect of Xa-inhibition is similar in heparin and in both low molecular weight compounds.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain LLC-1 (NBRC 111237), Capable of Metabolizing Lignin-Derived Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00308-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hirose ◽  
Naoki Tsuda ◽  
Munetoshi Miyatake ◽  
Haruhiko Yokoi ◽  
Jun Shimodaira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas sp. strain LLC-1 (NBRC 111237), isolated from soil, metabolizes lignin-derived low-molecular-weight compounds and utilizes vanillin and vanillic acid as its sole sources of carbon. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. strain LLC-1.

P2-138: Prevention of tau aggregation in vitro and in cells by low molecular weight compounds derived from phenylthiazolyl-hydrazide or rhodanine core structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T411-T411
Author(s):  
Marcus Pickhardt ◽  
Bruno Bulic ◽  
Gregor Larbig ◽  
Atilla Coksezen ◽  
Jacek Biernat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
In Cells

Evaluation of Compounds Extracted from Eight Genera of Wild Mushrooms from Nigeria for Anti-cell Proliferation Activity in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-960
Author(s):  
Erute Magdalene Adongbede ◽  
Israel Temitope Aduralere
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation Activity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Proliferation Activity

     Mushrooms have bioactive compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-cancer and antioxidant activities among other medicinal benefits. In the present study, we examined the anti-cell proliferation activities of mushrooms from eight genera obtained from the wild in Nigeria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model organism to screen mushroom extracts for anti-cell proliferation activity. Polyphenols, high molecular weight polysaccharides and low molecular weight compounds from aqueous extracts were obtained from the test mushrooms using methanol and water respectively. The extracts were screened in vitro at different concentrations of extracts with the CyQuant cell proliferation assay. The high molecular weight polysaccharides from tested mushrooms reduced cell proliferation (96.79% inhibition in Ganoderma multipileum Ding Hou to 66.71% inhibition in Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill at 10.00mg/ml). Percentage inhibition caused by low molecular weight compounds varied from 94.22% (Ganoderma multipileum) to 76.19% (Coltricia perennis) at 10mg/ml. Percentage of inhibition with the polyphenols varied from 94.12% (Microporus xanthopus Fr) Kuntze) to 79.82% (Coltricia perennis) at high doses. High molecular polysaccharides, low molecular weight compounds and polyphenols from mushrooms have anti-cancer properties. The CyQUANT assay proliferation kit was a very efficient tool for screening extracts from wild mushrooms for anti-cell proliferation activities. Medicinal mushrooms in Nigeria show a lot of promise as a reservoir for drug discovery particularly in the area of cancer research.

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