Genotypic Diversity among Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in a Commercial Broiler Flock.

Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.

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An Epidemiological Study of Campylobacter jejuni in a Poultry Broiler Flock

Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-9558-5_59 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 335-339

Author(s):

Robert B. Wallace ◽

Patricia Desmarchelier ◽

John B. Woolcock

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Flock

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Correlation between Genotypic Diversity, Lipooligosaccharide Gene Locus Class Variation, and Caco-2 Cell Invasion Potential of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Chicken Meat and Humans: Contribution to Virulotyping

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02269-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (13) ◽

pp. 4277-4288 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ihab Habib ◽

Rogier Louwen ◽

Mieke Uyttendaele ◽

Kurt Houf ◽

Olivier Vandenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Pcr Screening ◽

Class A ◽

Invasion Potential ◽

Cell Surface Carbohydrate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Class B ◽

Class C

ABSTRACT Significant interest in studying the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Campylobacter jejuni has stemmed from its potential role in postinfection paralytic disorders. In this study we present the results of PCR screening of five LOS locus classes (A, B, C, D, and E) for a collection of 116 C. jejuni isolates from chicken meat (n = 76) and sporadic human cases of diarrhea (n = 40). We correlated LOS classes with clonal complexes (CC) assigned by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Finally, we evaluated the invasion potential of a panel of 52 of these C. jejuni isolates for Caco-2 cells. PCR screening showed that 87.1% (101/116) of isolates could be assigned to LOS class A, B, C, D, or E. Concordance between LOS classes and certain MLST CC was revealed. The majority (85.7% [24/28]) of C. jejuni isolates grouped in CC-21 were shown to express LOS locus class C. The invasion potential of C. jejuni isolates possessing sialylated LOS (n = 29; classes A, B, and C) for Caco-2 cells was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of C. jejuni isolates with nonsialylated LOS (n = 23; classes D and E). There was no significant difference in invasiveness between chicken meat and human isolates. However, C. jejuni isolates assigned to CC-206 (correlated with LOS class B) or CC-21 (correlated with LOS class C) showed statistically significantly higher levels of invasion than isolates from other CC. Correlation between LOS classes and CC was further confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The present study reveals a correlation between genotypic diversity and LOS locus classes of C. jejuni. We showed that simple PCR screening for C. jejuni LOS classes could reliably predict certain MLST CC and add to the interpretation of molecular-typing results. Our study corroborates that sialylation of LOS is advantageous for C. jejuni fitness and virulence in different hosts. The modulation of cell surface carbohydrate structure could enhance the ability of C. jejuni to adapt to or survive in a host.

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Prevalence and pathology of Newcastle disease in broiler at Bochaganj Upazila of Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 352-356

Author(s):

Pabitra Kumar ◽

SM Harun ur Rashid ◽

Md Haydar Ali ◽

Hosne Mobarak ◽

Md Aminul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Watery Diarrhoea ◽

Small Scale ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Pathological Lesions ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Broiler Flock ◽

Commercial Broiler

The study was schemed to investigate the prevalence, pathological conditions, mortality and clinical features of Newcastle disease in the small scale commercial broiler farms at Bochaganj upazila of Dinajpur district during January to June, 2014. A total 1950 birds (from 5 farms), among which 160 diseased and dead birds were selected out of which 99 (5.35%) birds were found to be positive for Newcastle disease. The clinical signs of the affected birds were sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, laboured breathing, and torticolis. Broiler were inactive, weak and rough in appearance, greenish watery diarrhoea occur severely. Nervous sign include clonic, spasm and paralysis of the legs and wings. In this observation, the gross pathological lesions were slight to severe haemorrhages in caecal tonsils, typical lesions were proventricular haemorrhage, most commonly seen in the surface near the junction with the proventriculus. The prevalence of Newcastle disease in Bochaganj upazila was 5.35%. Mortality of Newcastle disease in non-vaccinated and vaccinated broiler flock was 20.76% and 4.6%, respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 352-356

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Sources and Spread of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. during Partial Depopulation of Broiler Chicken Flocks

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.264 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

V. M. ALLEN ◽

H. WEAVER ◽

A. M. RIDLEY ◽

J. A. HARRIS ◽

M. SHARMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽

Broiler Flock ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection ◽

Thinning Process ◽

Campylobacter Spp

The practice of partial depopulation or thinning (early removal of a portion of birds from a commercial broiler flock) is a reported risk factor for Campylobacter colonization of residual birds because of the difficulty in maintaining biosecurity during the thinning process. The effect of this practice was studied in detail for 51 target flocks, each at a different growing farm belonging to one of seven major poultry companies throughout the United Kingdom. On 21 of these farms, the target flock was already colonized by Campylobacter, and at slaughter all cecal samples examined were positive, with a mean of 8 log CFU/g. An additional 27 flocks became positive within 2 to 6 days of the start of thinning and had similarly high levels of cecal carriage at slaughter. Just before the thinning process, Campylobacter was isolated frequently from the farm driveways, transport vehicles, equipment, and personnel. Strains from seven farms on which flocks became colonized after thinning were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. An association was found between strains occurring at specific sampling sites and those isolated subsequently from the thinned flocks. The results indicated that particular strains had spread from one farm to another when the farms were jointly owned by the same company and employed the same bird-catching teams and/or vehicles. These results highlight the need for better hygiene control in relation to catching equipment and personnel and more effective cleaning and disinfection of vehicles and bird-transport crates.

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Clonal Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni in Chicken Meat from Belgium

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00168-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (13) ◽

pp. 4264-4272 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Ihab Habib ◽

William G. Miller ◽

Mieke Uyttendaele ◽

Kurt Houf ◽

Lieven De Zutter

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Clonal Population ◽

Clonal Population Structure ◽

Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important causes of human diarrhea worldwide. In the present work, multilocus sequence typing was used to study the genotypic diversity of 145 C. jejuni isolates from 135 chicken meat preparations sampled across Belgium. Isolates were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and their susceptibilities to six antimicrobials were determined. Fifty-seven sequence types (STs) were identified; 26.8% of the total typed isolates were ST-50, ST-45, or ST-257, belonging to clonal complex CC-21, CC-45, or CC-257, respectively. One clonal group comprised 22% (32/145) of all isolates, originating from five different companies and isolated over seven sampling months. Additionally, 53.1% of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 48.2% were resistant to tetracycline; 28.9% (42/145) of all isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The correlation between certain C. jejuni clonal groups and resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was notable. C. jejuni isolates assigned to CC-21 (n = 35) were frequently resistant to ciprofloxacin (65.7%) and tetracycline (40%); however, 90% (18/20) of the isolates assigned to CC-45 were pansusceptible. The present study demonstrates that certain C. jejuni genotypes recur frequently in the chicken meat supply. The results of molecular typing, combined with data on sample sources, indicate a possible dissemination of C. jejuni clones with high resistance to ciprofloxacin and/or tetracycline. Whether certain clonal groups are common in the environment and repeatedly infect Belgian broiler flocks or whether they have the potential to persist on farms or in slaughterhouses needs further investigation.

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Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Conventional Broiler Flocks and the Impacts of Sampling Strategy and Laboratory Method

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03693-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 2347-2355 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. B. Vidal ◽

F. M. Colles ◽

J. D. Rodgers ◽

N. D. McCarthy ◽

R. H. Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Genetic Profile ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Sample Type ◽

Content Type ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTThe genetic diversity ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliisolates from commercial broiler farms was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), with an assessment of the impact of the sample type and laboratory method on the genotypes ofCampylobacterisolated. A total of 645C. jejuniand 106C. coliisolates were obtained from 32 flocks and 17 farms, with 47 sequence types (STs) identified. TheCampylobacter jejuniisolates obtained by different sampling approaches and laboratory methods were very similar, with the same STs identified at similar frequencies, and had no major effect on the genetic profile ofCampylobacterpopulation in broiler flocks at the farm level. ForC. coli, the results were more equivocal. While some STs were widely distributed within and among farms and flocks, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among farms forC. jejuni, where farm effects accounted for 70.5% of variance, and among flocks from the same farm (9.9% of variance forC. jejuniand 64.1% forC. coli). These results show the complexity of the population structure ofCampylobacterin broiler production and that commercial broiler farms provide an ecological niche for a wide diversity of genotypes. The genetic diversity ofC. jejuniisolates among broiler farms should be taken into account when designing studies to understandCampylobacterpopulations in broiler production and the impact of interventions. We provide evidence that supports synthesis of studies onC. jejunipopulations even when laboratory and sampling methods are not identical.

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Campylobacter jejuni Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01364-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

S. Humphrey ◽

G. Chaloner ◽

K. Kemmett ◽

N. Davidson ◽

N. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Commercial Broiler

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Pathogenic potential and genotypic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni: a neglected food-borne pathogen in Brazil

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.000424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 350-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Miliane Rodrigues Frazão ◽

Marta Inês Cazentini Medeiros ◽

Sheila da Silva Duque ◽

Juliana Pfrimer Falcão

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Food Borne

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Variation in Campylobacter Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes from Chickens as Detected on Three Plating Media

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-188 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (11) ◽

pp. 1986-1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. E. BERRANG ◽

S. R. LADELY ◽

R. J. MEINERSMANN ◽

J. E. LINE ◽

B. B OAKLEY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Full Genome Sequencing ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Sequence Types

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare subtypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli detected on three selective Campylobacter plating media to determine whether each medium selected for different subtypes. Fifty ceca and 50 carcasses (representing 50 flocks) were collected from the evisceration line in a commercial broiler processing plant. Campylobacter was cultured and isolated from cecal contents and carcass rinses on Campy-Cefex, Campy Line, and RF Campylobacter jejuni/coli agars. When a positive result was obtained with all three media, one colony of the most prevalent morphology on each medium was selected for further analysis by full genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing. Sequence types were assigned according to PubMLST. A total of 49 samples were positive for Campylobacter on all three media. Forty samples contained only C. jejuni, three had only C. coli, and both species were detected in six samples. From 71% of samples, Campylobacter isolates of the same sequence type were recovered on all three media. From 81.6% of samples, isolates were all from the same clonal complex. From significantly fewer samples (26%, P < 0.01), one medium recovered an isolate with a sequence type different from the type recovered on the other two media. When multiple sequence types were detected, six times the medium with the odd sequence type was Campy-Cefex, four times it was Campy-Line, and six times it was RF Campylobacter jejuni/coli. From one sample, three sequence types were detected. In most cases, all three plating media allowed detection of the same type of Campylobacter from complex naturally contaminated chicken samples.

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