scholarly journals Ethylene Removal at Low Temperatures under Biofilter and Batch Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3878-3882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Elsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microbial C ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Ethylene Removal

ABSTRACT Removal of the plant hormone ethylene (C2H4) is often required by horticultural storage facilities, which are operated at temperatures below 10�C. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an efficient, biological C2H4 removal under such low-temperature conditions. Peat-soil, acclimated to degradation of C2H4, was packed in a biofilter (687 cm3) and subjected to an airflow (∼73 ml min−1) with 2 ppm (μl liter−1) C2H4. The C2H4 removal efficiencies achieved at 20, 10, and 5�C, respectively, were 99.0, 98.8, and 98.4%. This corresponded to C2H4levels of 0.022 to 0.032 ppm in the biofilter outlet air. At 2�C, the average C2H4 removal efficiency dropped to 83%. The detailed temperature response of C2H4removal was tested under batch conditions by incubation of 1-g soil samples in a temperature gradient ranging from 0 to 29�C with increments of 1�C. The C2H4 removal rate was highest at 26�C (0.85 μg of C2H4 g [dry weight]−1 h−1), but remained at levels of 0.14 to 0.28 μg of C2H4 g (dry weight)−1 h−1 at 0 to 10�C. At 35 to 40�C, the C2H4 removal rate was negligible (0.02 to 0.06 μg of C2H4 g [dry weight]−1 h−1). TheQ 10 (i.e., the ratio of rates 10�C apart) for C2H4 removal was 1.9 for the interval 0 to 10�C. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated microbial C2H4 removal, which proceeded at 0 to 2�C and produced a moderately psychrophilic temperature response.

scholarly journals PEAT SOIL STABILIZATION IN RAWA PENING SALATIGA CENTRAL JAVA USING SYNTHETIC GYPSUM AND SALT

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Silmi Surjandari ◽  
Noegroho Djarwanti ◽  
Gunawan Prasetyo ◽  
Febby Erianto
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Direct Shear Tests

Peat is known as a problematic soil due to its low bearing capacity as well as its high and long settlement process. Necessary treatment is needed to improve peat soil capability. One of the methods to improve peat soil characteristics is by adding mixed materials. In this study the added materials are synthetic gypsum (CaSO4.2H20) and salt (NaCl). The research was conducted in a Soil Mechanics Laboratory using a consolidation test and direct shear tests. This research aims to find out the effect of CaSO4.2H20 and NaCl on consolidation and shear strength parameters. The soil samples taken for consolidation and direct shear tests were original and treated peat soil. The gypsum synthesis doses varied between 10%, 15%, and 20%, whereas the salt varied between 2%, 4%, and 6%, calculated from the dry weight of peat soil. The mixing of soil and the added materials was carried out under optimum water conditions of Standard Proctor compaction results. After the consolidation and direct shear tests were completed, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test was performed on the soil samples to determine the components of the peat soil on micron size. The addition of synthetic gypsum and salt resulted in the smallest Cc value of 0.0302 at 4% salt + 20% gypsum and the highest Cv value of 0.130 cm2/s at 6% salt + 20% gypsum. The addition of synthetic gypsum and salt mixture resulted in the highest cohesion, c value of 61,55 kPa at 6% salt + 15% gypsum and the greatest friction angle, ϕ value of 52.24° at 4% salt + 20% gypsum. NaCl gave better results than Gypsum in improving shear strength. A composition of 4%-6% of NaCl and 15%-20% of Gypsum is recommended, if NaCl and gypsum were to be applied simultaneously to improve shear strength.

scholarly journals Peat Soil Stabilization using Lime and Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Nadhirah Mohd Zambri ◽  
Zuhayr Md. Ghazaly
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
Shear Box ◽  
Direct Shear Box Test ◽  
Drained Shear Strength

This paper presents a study of the comparison between two additive Lime and Cement for treating peat soil in term of stabilization. Peat and organic soils are commonly known for their high compressibility, extremely soft, and low strength. The aim of this paper is to determine the drained shear strength of treated peat soil from Perlis for comparison purposes. Direct Shear Box Test was conducted to obtain the shear strength for all the disturbed peat soil samples. The quick lime and cement was mixed with peat soil in proportions of 10% and 20% of the dry weight peat soil. The experiment results showed that the addition of additives had improved the strength characteristics of peat soil by 14% increment in shear strength. In addition, the mixture of lime with peat soil yield higher result in shear strength compared to cement by 14.07% and 13.5% respectively. These findings indicate that the lime and cement is a good stabilizer for peat soil, which often experienced high amount of moisture content.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN KLORIDA DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BEBERAPA JENIS TANAH UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
A. KASNO ◽  
DEDI SOLEH EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berkembang pesat di Indonesia<br />dan  penggunaan  pupuk  meningkat.  Pada  awalnya  pupuk  KCl<br />memperhitungkan hara K, namun diketahui hara Cl juga merupakan hara<br />mikro esensial. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari penambahan Cl dan<br />bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar Cl dalam tanaman dan<br />akar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian<br />Tanah, Bogor, tahun 2011. Contoh tanah diambil dari Cinangneng, Bogor<br />(Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols), Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols), dan<br />Sumatera Selatan (Gambut). Bibit kelapa sawit varietas Avros umur tiga<br />bulan ditanam dalam polibag dan dipanen setelah berumur 8 bulan.<br />Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, dengan petak utama<br />empat jenis tanah, dan empat anak petak, yaitu (1) Kontrol (-Cl), (2) KCl,<br />(3) NPK, dan (4) KCl + bahan organik. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali.<br />Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot kering<br />tanaman dan akar, analisis Cl dalam tanah, daun, dan akar. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Cl menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa<br />sawit pada Oxisols, namun meningkatkan pada Inceptisols, Ultisols, dan<br />Gambut. Pemberian bahan jenis organik nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan<br />kelapa sawit pada ke empat tanah. Pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan<br />bobot kering tanaman kelapa sawit pada Inceptisols, Oxisols, dan Gambut,<br />namun meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman pada Ultisols. Pemberian hara<br />Cl meningkatkan bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada ke empat<br />jenis tanah, namun meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam akar kelapa sawit,<br />sedangkan pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam daun,<br />kecuali pada Oxisols. Pemberian bahan organik menurunkan kadar Cl<br />dalam daun pada Ultisols dan tanah Gambut.<br />Kata kunci: bahan organik, Elaeis guineensis, jenis tanah, klorida,<br />pertumbuhan</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was growing rapidly in Indonesia<br />and fertilizers use increased. Initially KCl were calculated as K nutrient,<br />but it is known that Cl is also an essential micronutrients. The research<br />aimed at studying the Cl and organic matter application on growth and Cl<br />content in plants and roots of oil palm. The study was conducted in the<br />greenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor, in 2011. Soil samples were<br />taken from Cinangneng, Bogor (Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols),<br />Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols) and South Sumatra (Peat). AVROS varieties of<br />oil palm seedlings used 3 months being planted in polybags and harvested<br />after 8 months. The experiment design used was split plot design, with<br />four soil types as main plot, and four sub plots e.i. (1) Control (-Cl), (2)<br />KCl, (3) NPK, and (4) KCl + organic matter. Every treatment repeated<br />four times. Parameters observed are plant height, stem diameter, plant and<br />root dry weight and Cl analysis in soil, leaves, and roots. The result<br />showed that Cl application decreasing oil palm growth in Oxisols. Organic<br />matter application siqnificant increase of oil palm growth on the fourth<br />soil. The application of Cl nutrient did not increase the dry weight of plant<br />in Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Peat soil, but increased the dry weight of plants<br />on Ultisols. The application of Cl did not increase root dry weight in the<br />four soils, but increased Cl content in the roots in the four soil. While the<br />application of Cl did not increase of Cl content in leaves, except in<br />Oxisols. Organic matter application can reduce the content of Cl in the<br />leaves on the Ultisols and Peat soil.<br />Key words: organic matter, Elaeis guineensis, soil type, chloride, growth</p>

Ethylene Removal by a Biofilter with Immobilized Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4168-4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Elsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Elimination Capacity ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Ethylene Removal

ABSTRACT A biofilter which eliminated ethylene (C2H4) from the high parts-per-million range to levels near the limit for plant hormonal activity (0.01 to 0.1 ppm) was developed. Isolated ethylene-oxidizing bacteria were immobilized on peat-soil in a biofilter (687 cm3) and subjected to an atmospheric gas flow (73.3 ml min−1) with 2 or 117 ppm of C2H4. Ethylene was eliminated to a minimum level of 0.017 ppm after operation with 2.05 ppm of C2H4 for 16 days. Also, the inlet C2H4 concentration of 117 ppm was reduced to <0.04 ppm. During operation with 2 and 117 ppm of C2H4, an increase in the C2H4 removal rate was observed, which was attributed to proliferation of the immobilized bacteria, notably in the first 0- to 5-cm segment of the biofilter. The maximal C2H4 elimination capacity of the biofilter was 21 g of C2H4 m−3day−1 during operation with 117 ppm of C2H4 in the inlet gas. However, for the first 0- to 5-cm segment of the biofilter, an elimination capacity of 146 g of C2H4 m−3day−1 was calculated. Transition of the biofilter temperature from 21 to 10°C caused a 1.6-fold reduction in the C2H4 removal rate, which was reversed during operation for 18 days. Batch experiments with inoculated peat-soil demonstrated that C2H4 removal still occurred after storage at 2, 8, and 20°C for 2, 3, and 4 weeks. However, the C2H4 removal rate decreased with increasing storage time and was reduced by ca. 50% after storage for 2 weeks at all three temperatures. The biofilter could be a suitable tool for C2H4 removal in, e.g., horticultural storage facilities, since it (i) removed C2H4 to 0.017 ppm, (ii) had a good operational stability, and (iii) operated efficiently at 10°C.

The comparison of trichloroethylene removal rates by methane- and aromatic-utilizing microorganisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Lu ◽  
C. M. Lee ◽  
M.-S. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Initial Cell Concentration ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The comparison of TCE cometabolic removal by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers was conducted with a series of batch reactors. Methane, toluene, or phenol enriched microorganisms were used as cell source. The initial cell concentration was about 107 cfu/mL. Methane, toluene, and phenol could be readily biodegraded resulting in the cometabolic removal of TCE. Among the three primary carbon sources studied, the presence of phenol provided the best cometabolic removal of TCE. When the concentration of carbon source was 3 mg-C/L, the initial TCE removal rates initiated by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers were 1.5, 30, and 100 μg/L-hr, respectively. During the incubation period of 80 hours, TCE removal efficiencies were 26% and 96% with the presence of methane and toluene, respectively. However, it was 100% within 20 hours with the presence of phenol. For phenol utilizers, the initial TCE removal rates were about the same, when the phenol concentrations were 1.35, 2.7, and 4.5 mg/L. However, TCE removal was not proportional to the concentrations of phenol. TCE removal was hindered when the phenol concentration was higher than 4.5 mg/L because of the rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen. The presence of toluene also initiated cometabolic removal of TCE. The presence of toluene at 3 and 5 mg/L resulted in similar TCE removal. The initial TCE removal rate was about 95 μg/L-hr at toluene concentrations of 3 and 5 mg/L compared to 20 μg/L-hr at toluene concentration of 1 mg/L.

Use of a sequencing batch biofilter for degradation of azo dyes (acids and bases)

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quezada ◽  
I. Linares ◽  
G. Buitrón
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Basic Red 46

The degradation of azo dyes in an aerobic biofilter operated in an SBR system was studied. The azo dyes studied were Acid Red 151 and a textile effluent containing basic dyes (Basic Blue 41, Basic Red 46 and 16 and Basic Yellow 28 and 19). In the case of Acid Red 151 a maximal substrate degradation rate of 288 mg AR 151/lliquid·d was obtained and degradation efficiencies were between 60 and 99%. Mineralization studies showed that 73% (as carbon) of the initial azo dye was transformed to CO2 by the consortia. The textile effluent was efficiently biodegraded by the reactor. A maximal removal rate of 2.3 kg COD/lliquid·d was obtained with removal efficiencies (as COD) varying from 76 to 97%. In all the cycles the system presented 80% of colour removal.

scholarly journals STUDY AND ESTIMATION OF THE RATIO OF 137CS AND 40K SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN SANDY AND LOAM SOILS / 137CS IR 40K SAVITŲJŲ AKTYVUMŲ SANTYKIŲ TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS PRIESMĖLIO IR PRIEMOLIO DIRVOŽEMYJE

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Renata Mikalauskienė ◽  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Testing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present article describes changes in specific activities and fluctuations in the ratio of natural 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples taken from different places of Lithuanian territory. The samples of soil have been selected from the districts polluted after the accident in Chernobyl nuclear plant performing nuclear testing operations. The study has established the main physical and chemical properties of soil samples and their impact on the concentration of 40K activities. 137Cs/40K specific activities in soil have been observed under the dry weight of the sample that varied from 0.0034 to 0.0240. The results of the study could be used for establishing and estimating 137Csand 40K transfer in the system “soil-plant”. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama gamtinės (40K) ir dirbtinės (137Cs) kilmės radionuklidų savitųjų aktyvumų ir jų santykio kaita skirtinguose Lietuvos teritorijos dirvožemiuose. Dirvožemio mėginiai parinkti iš vietovių, kurios buvo labiau užterštos po Černobylio atominės elektrinės avarijos ir buvusių branduolinių bandymų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės fizinės cheminės dirvožemio savybės ir jų poveikis 40K aktyvumų koncentracijai. 137Csir 40K savitieji aktyvumai dirvožemyje tirti esant sausam mėginio svoriui. 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai sausame dirvožemyje svyravo nuo 1,1±1,0 iki 14,3±0,9 Bq/kg, o 40K savitieji aktyvumai – nuo 326±29 iki 740±15 Bq/kg. 137Csir 40K savitųjų aktyvumų santykis skirtingų vietovių dirvožemiuose kito nuo 0,0034 iki 0,0240 Bq/kg. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti, nustatant ir įvertinant 137Csir 40K pernašą sistemoje dirvožemis–augalai.

Effects of processing on peat moss microflora

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvon Cormier ◽  
Anne Mériaux ◽  
Gilles Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Large Numbers

We studied the microflora of Quebec sphagnum peat moss samples taken from five different locations in a peat moss processing plant: soil, drying stacks, sedimented dust (walls and floor), and in bagged peat moss. Large numbers of microorganisms were found; the predominant ones were of the genus Monocillium (up to 112 × 106 colonies/g of dry peat) and the genus Penicillium (320 × 104 colonies/g dry weight). These moulds were more abundant in the processed peat moss than in the peat soil (e.g., Monocillium: soil, 138 × 103; processed peat, 112 × 106). Aspergillus spp. were absent in all five sample sites. We conclude that Quebec peat moss contains large quantities of microorganisms and that moulds become more concentrated during the processing of the peat from the soil to the final product.

Infection of adventitious roots of Agrostis palustris by Pythium species at different temperature regimes

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton F. Hodges ◽  
Douglas A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pythium Arrhenomanes ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Disease Complexes

Pathogenicity of several isolates of Pythium species to the adventitious roots of Agrostis palustris was evaluated at high (35:24, light:dark) and low (24:13 °C, light:dark) temperature regimes. Isolates of P. graminicola–arrhenomanes, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, P. vanterpoolii, and one unclassified species were evaluated. All isolates of all species infected roots. Some isolates of P. graminicola–arrhenomanes (PGA-5), P. torulosum (PT-1, PT-2, PT-3, PT-5), P. vanterpoolii (PV-1), and an unclassified species (UP-1) infected roots and decreased dry weight at both the high and low temperature regimes. Other isolates of P. graminicola–arrhenomanes (PGA-1, PGA-2, PGA-4, PGA-6, PGA-7) and P. torulosum (PT-4) infected roots and decreased dry weight only at the high temperatures. Isolate PGA-7 of P. graminicola–arrhenomanes also stimulated plant growth at low temperatures. The remaining isolates of P. graminicola–arrhenomanes (PGA-3), P. rostratum (PR-1), and P. vanterpoolii (PV-2) infected roots and decreased dry weight only at the low temperatures. Infection of roots was limited to root hairs, root tips, and epidermal and cortical tissues. The observations are discussed relative to the function of Pythium species as minor root pathogens and their potential function in disease complexes. Key words: disease complexes, infection, minor pathogens, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, Pythium arrhenomanes, P. graminicola, P. graminicola–arrhenomanes, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, P. vanterpoolii.

scholarly journals Uji Isolat Bakteri Azotobacter Asal Kebun Lidah Buaya dengan Pupuk Urea terhadap Serapan Nitrogen pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) di Tanah Gambut

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Nandung Erlanda ◽  
Feira B. Arief ◽  
Ismahan Umran ◽  
Sutarman Gafur ◽  
Denah Suswati
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soybean Plants

Azotobacter nitrogen-fixing bacteria and urea fertilizer to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers. These bacteria can play a role in increasing nitrogen uptake and further growth of soybean plants. This study aimed to obtain growth media for Azotobacter and increase plant and root growth and nitrogen uptake of Biosoy soybean varieties. The research was conducted to help the uptake of n in the soil and reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The first experiment was carried out by growing bacteria on the media for 120 hours. The second experiment was designed in a completely randomized design that tested two treatments with additional use of urea fertilizer and Azotobacter and no Azotobacter. The results showed that there was no effect of giving Azotobacter from aloe vera gardens, and urea fertilizer showed a significant effect on the observed variables of soil pH in soybean plants on peat soil. In contrast, the variables observed were population, plant height, N content, N-total, plant dry weight, dry weight of plant roots, and N span of soybean plants had no significant effect.

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