scholarly journals Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter coli in Different Ecological Guilds and Taxa of Migrating Birds

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 5911-5917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Waldenström ◽  
Tina Broman ◽  
Inger Carlsson ◽  
Dennis Hasselquist ◽  
René P. Achterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Ecological Guilds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Migrating Birds

ABSTRACT A total of 1,794 migrating birds trapped at a coastal site in southern Sweden were sampled for detection of Campylobacter spp. All isolates phenotypically identified as Campylobacter jejuni and a subset of those identified as non-C. jejuni were identified to the species level by PCR-based techniques. C. jejuni was found in 5.0% of the birds, Campylobacter lari was found in 5.6%, and Campylobacter coli was found in 0.9%. An additional 10.7% of the tested birds were infected with hippurate hydrolysis-negative Campylobacter spp. that were not identified to the species level. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. differed significantly between ecological guilds of birds. Shoreline-foraging birds feeding on invertebrates and opportunistic feeders were most commonly infected (76.8 and 50.0%, respectively). High prevalence was also shown in other ground-foraging guilds, i.e., ground-foraging invertebrate feeders (11.0%), ground-foraging insectivores (20.3%), and plant-eating species (18.8%). Almost no Campylobacter spp. were found in ground-foraging granivores (2.3%), arboreal insectivores (0.6%), aerial insectivores (0%), or reed- and herbaceous plant-foraging insectivores (3.5%). During the autumn migration, a high proportion of samples from juveniles were positive (7.1% in passerines, 55.0% in shorebirds), indicating transmission on the breeding grounds or during the early part of migration. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was associated with increasing body mass among passerine bird species. Furthermore, prevalence was higher in short-distance migrants wintering in Europe than in long-distance migrants wintering in Africa, the Middle East, or Asia. Among ground-foraging birds of the Muscicapidae, those of the subfamily Turdinae (i.e., Turdus spp.) showed a high prevalence of Campylobacter spp., while the organism was not isolated in any member of the subfamily Muscicapinae (i.e., Erithacus and Luscinia). The prevalence of Campylobacter infection in wild birds thus seems to be linked to various ecological and phylogenetic factors, with great variations in carriership between different taxa and guilds.

Campylobacter Contamination during Poultry Slaughter in Belgium

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RASSCHAERT ◽  
K. HOUF ◽  
J. VAN HENDE ◽  
L. de ZUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Flagellin Gene ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Campylobacter Lari

The relation between internal carriage and surface contamination with thermophilic Campylobacter species in broilers was examined by molecular typing methods. Samples from 39 flocks were collected in three Belgian poultry slaughterhouses. From each flock, crop swabs before slaughter and intestines and neck skins during slaughter were collected. A total of 309 isolates were identified at species level and further characterized by flagellin gene A PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (90%), Campylobacter coli (8.7%), and Campylobacter lari (2.2%), and 27 genotypes could be distinguished by combining the two molecular methods. Seventy-two percent of the flocks arriving at the abattoir were colonized with campylobacters. After slaughter, 79% of the flocks had contaminated neck skins. In six flocks, genotypes isolated from the neck skins were also found in the alimentary tract from previously slaughtered flocks. Four of these flocks were initially free of Campylobacter. These four flocks might have had no contaminated carcasses after logistic slaughtering.

Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter on Broiler Chickens from Farm to Slaughter and Efficiency of Methods To Remove Visible Fecal Contamination

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
AUDECIR GIOMBELLI ◽  
MARIA BEATRIZ ABREU GLORIA
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Low Prevalence

A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter from farm to slaughter. The efficiency of trimming and water spray (490 to 588 kPa pressure) on the removal of visible fecal contamination from broiler carcasses before chilling was also investigated. Drag swabs were used to sample litter from the farm houses. Samples of ceca and carcasses without and with visible fecal contamination before and after trimming or spray washing of fecal contamination were taken during slaughter of the flocks previously visited at the farms. There was a low prevalence of Salmonella on the litter from the farms (5%) and cecum and carcasses (0%). However, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were present in farms' litter (100 and 58.8%, respectively), cecum samples (100 and 70.6%, respectively), and carcasses with (58.8 and 11.6%, respectively) and without (17.6 and 9.8%, respectively) visible fecal contamination. There was high prevalence of C. jejuni but at low counts and low prevalence and high counts of C. coli. Campylobacter lari was not detected in any sample. Trimming the visible fecal contamination decreased the prevalence of C. jejuni but increased occurrence of C. coli. Trimming did not reduce the counts of Campylobacter and of hygiene indicator microorganisms on the carcasses. Water shower reduced the counts of hygiene indicator microorganisms by 20%. Therefore, control measures for preventing introduction of Campylobacter and the use of good hygienic conditions are needed to warrant the microbiological quality and safety of broiler carcasses.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Bird Assemblages of a Forest-Steppe Ecotone in North Patagonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor R. Cueto ◽  
Cristian A. Gorosito
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North Patagonia ◽  
Different Seasons

AbstractWe evaluate seasonal variations at the community level, analyzing changes in species richness, species composition and total abundance, and at the species level, evaluating differences in breeding and molting seasonality among bird species in a forest-steppe ecotone of north Patagonia. The bird assemblage showed a low seasonal variation in richness and total abundance, but a great change in species composition between spring-summer and fall-winter. The change in species composition promoted few seasonal variations in richness and total abundance, because they were compensated by the presence of abundant species that visit the area in different seasons. At the species level, resident birds and short distance migrants tended to begin breeding earlier than long distance migrants, and birds began to molt body and flight feathers after breeding. Therefore, we found a low overlap of these two demanding activities. Our results highlight the importance of bird movements in response to seasonal variations in the availability of resources, which promote migration or local displacements of birds.Resumen. Cambios estacionales en los ensambles de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de PatagoniaEvaluamos las variaciones estacionales a nivel comunitario, analizando la riqueza de especies, la composición de especies y la abundancia total, y a nivel de las especies, evaluando las diferencias en la estacionalidad reproductiva y de muda entre las especies de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de Patagonia. El ensamble de aves mostró pocas variaciones estacionales en la riqueza y abundancia total, pero un notable cambio en la composición de especies entre la primavera-verano y el otoño-invierno. El cambio en la composición de especies promovió pocas variaciones estaciones en la riqueza y la abundancia total, porque fueron compensadas por la abundancia de las especies que visitan el área en las diferentes estaciones. A nivel de las especies, las aves residentes y migrantes de corta distancia tendieron a comenzar la reproducción antes que las migrantes de larga distancia, y las aves comenzaron la muda de plumas del cuerpo y del ala al finalizar la reproducción. Por lo cual encontramos una baja superposición de estas dos demandantes actividades. Nuestros resultados remarcan la importancia del movimiento de las aves en respuesta a las variaciones en la disponibilidad de recursos, que promueven la migración o el desplazamiento local de las aves.

scholarly journals GyrB versus 16s rRna sequencing for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereus William Gunther IV ◽  
Jonnee Almond ◽  
Xianghe Yan ◽  
David S Needleman
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Gyrb Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Dna Primers

Species of the genus Campylobacter are responsible for the largest number of bacterial food-borne illness cases occurring yearly in the developed world. The majority of disease is caused by three of the thermotolerant Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari. An inability to differentiate these three species using the commonly employed 16S rRNA sequencing procedure has led to the development of alternative methods to identify these bacteria. Some of these methods include the utilization of the gyrB gene. A reliable method was developed for the differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari employing the gyrB gene. It involves amplification and sequencing of a species-variable region of the gene with a single pair of DNA primers. The method works well for the separation and organization of the three Campylobacter strains as well as satisfying the suggested guidelines for sequence based identification for most strains investigated.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Retail Chicken in Two Health Units in Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE DECKERT ◽  
ALFONSO VALDIVIESO-GARCIA ◽  
RICHARD REID-SMITH ◽  
SUSAN TAMBLYN ◽  
PATRICK SELISKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from humans, pigs, cattle, and broilers in Denmark.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Aarestrup ◽  
E M Nielsen ◽  
M Madsen ◽  
J Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The MICs of 16 antimicrobial agents were determined for 202 Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 123 Campylobacter coli isolates, and 6 Campylobacter lari isolates from humans and food animals in Denmark. The C. jejuni isolates originated from humans (75), broilers (95), cattle (29), and pigs (3); the C. coli isolates originated from humans (7), broilers (17), and pigs (99); and the C. lari isolates originated from broilers (5) and cattle (1). All isolates were susceptible to apramycin, neomycin, and gentamicin. Only a few C. jejuni isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to tetracycline was more common among C. jejuni isolates from humans (11%) than among C. jejuni isolates from animals (0 to 2%). More resistance to streptomycin was found among C. jejuni isolates from cattle (10%) than among those from humans (4%) or broilers (1%). A greater proportion of C. coli than of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to the other antimicrobial agents tested. Isolates were in most cases either coresistant to tylosin, spiramycin, and erythromycin or susceptible to all three antibiotics. More macrolide-resistant isolates were observed among C. coli isolates from swine (79%) than among C. coli isolates from broilers (18%) and humans (14%). Twenty-four percent of C. coli isolates from pigs were resistant to enrofloxacin, whereas 29% of C. coli isolates from humans and none from broilers were resistant. More resistance to streptomycin was observed among C. coli isolates from swine (48%) than among C. coli isolates from broilers (6%) or humans (0%). The six C. lari isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents except ampicillin and nalidixic acid. This study showed that antimicrobial resistance was found only at relatively low frequencies among C. jejuni and C. lari isolates. Among C. coli isolates, especially from swine, there was a high level of resistance to macrolides and streptomycin. Furthermore, this study showed differences in the resistance to antimicrobial agents among Campylobacter isolates of different origins.

scholarly journals Development of a multiplex PCR assay for identification of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Yamazaki-Matsune ◽  
Masumi Taguchi ◽  
Kazuko Seto ◽  
Ryuji Kawahara ◽  
Kentaro Kawatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Fetus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Campylobacter Upsaliensis

A multiplex PCR assay has been developed for the identification of the six common Campylobacter taxa associated with human gastroenteritis and/or septicaemia, namely Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis. The assay was developed using a combination of newly designed and published primers. It provided a specific PCR product for each of the five Campylobacter species and the one subspecies, and each of the PCR products was sufficiently distinguished by a difference in size by agarose gel electrophoresis. On evaluation of efficacy with 142 Campylobacter strains, the assay correctly identified all strains as 1 of the 6 Campylobacter taxa. This multiplex PCR assay is a rapid, simple and practical tool for identification of the six Campylobacter taxa commonly associated with gastroenteritis and/or septicaemia in humans, and offers an effective alternative to conventional biochemical-based assays.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari isolated from asymptomatic school-going children in Kibera slum, Kenya

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Nduhiu Gitahi ◽  
Peter B. Gathura ◽  
Michael M. Gicheru ◽  
Beautice M. Wandia ◽  
Annika Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Ecosystems ◽  
Campylobacter Lari

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in asymptomatic school-going children and establish the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates towards the drugs used to treat campylobacteriosis, including macrolides, quinolones and tetracycline. Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of enteric illness and have only recently shown resistance to antibiotics. Methods: This study isolated Campylobacter spp., including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari, in stool samples from asymptomatic school-going children in one of the biggest urban slums in Kenya. The disc diffusion method using EUCAST breakpoints was used to identify antibiotic-resistant isolates, which were further tested for genes encoding for tetracycline resistance using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: In total, 580 stool samples were collected from 11 primary schools considering both gender and age. Subjecting 294 biochemically characterized Campylobacter spp. isolates to genus-specific PCR, 106 (18.27% of stool samples) isolates were confirmed Campylobacter spp. Out of the 106 isolates, 28 (4.83%) were Campylobacter coli, 44 (7.58%) were Campylobacter jejuni while 11 (1.89%) were Campylobacter lari. Campylobacter jejuni had the highest number of isolates that were multi-drug resistant, with 26 out of the 28 tested isolates being resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 mg), nalidixic acid (30 mg), tetracycline (30 mg) and erythromycin (15 mg). Conclusions: In conclusion, asymptomatic school going children in the study area were found to be carriers of multidrug resistant Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari at 84%. A one-health approach, which considers overlaps in environment, animals and human ecosystems, is recommended in addressing multidrug resistane in Campylobacter, since animals are the main reservoirs and environmental contamination is evident.

scholarly journals Identification of campylobacter species isolates with phenotypic methods and polymerase chain reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 708-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic ◽  
Tatjana Babic ◽  
Branislava Kocic ◽  
Aleksandra Matkic ◽  
Ljiljana Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Introduction. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the most common bacterial causes of enterocolitis in humans. However, identification of the species level is not always possible using standard biochemical tests. Objective. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify these microorganisms by both phenotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Methods. A total of 153 species of thermophilic campylobacters were examined with standard biochemical tests and PCR technique to prove hipO genes of C. jejuni and asp genes of C. coli. Results Standard biochemical tests enabled the speciation of 121 strains of C. jejuni, while application of PCR detected 126 C. jejuni strains. Conclusion. PCR technique allowed not only identification of hippurate-positive C. jejuni, but also hipuratnegative strains of C. jejuni which otherwise would be detected as C. coli if only biochemical tests were applied.

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