scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense Produces the Auxin-Like Phenylacetic Acid by Using the Key Enzyme for Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Somers ◽  
D. Ptacek ◽  
P. Gysegom ◽  
M. Srinivasan ◽  
J. Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT An antimicrobial compound was isolated from Azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in A. brasilense. In minimal growth medium, PAA biosynthesis by A. brasilense was only observed in the presence of phenylalanine (or precursors thereof). This observation suggests deamination of phenylalanine, decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate, and subsequent oxidation of phenylacetaldehyde as the most likely pathway for PAA synthesis. Expression analysis revealed that transcription of the ipdC gene is upregulated by PAA, as was previously described for IAA and synthetic auxins, indicating a positive feedback regulation. The synthesis of PAA by A. brasilense is discussed in relation to previously reported biocontrol properties of A. brasilense.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of Indole-3-acetic acid by Enterobacter xiangfangensis BHW6

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Xian Zhang ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaomei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

Abstract Background: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Various bacteria in the rhizosphere are capable to produce IAA that acts as a signaling molecule for the communication between plants and microbes to promote the plant growth. Due to the low IAA content and various interfering analogs, it is difficult to detect and isolate IAA from microbial secondary metabolites. Results: A predominant strain with a remarkable capability to secrete IAA was identified as Enterobacter xiangfangensis BHW6 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, the determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DDH (dDDH). The maximum IAA content (134-1129 μg/mL) was found with the addition of 0.2-15 g/L of L-tryptophan at pH 5 for 6 days, which was 4-40 fold higher than that in the absence of L-tryptophan. The highest yield of IAA was obtained at the stationary phase of bacterial growth. An acidic culture medium was preferred for the IAA biosynthesis of the strain. The strain was tolerant and stable to produce IAA in the presence 2.5%-5% (w/v) of NaCl. IAA was then isolated through column chromatography with a mobile phase of hexane/ethyl acetate (1/2, v/v) and characterized by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). Conclusions: A remarkable IAA production was obtained from E. xiangfangensis BHW6 that was tryptophan–dependent. According to genomic analysis, the ipdC gene coding for the key enzyme (indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase) was identified indicating that IAA biosynthesis was mainly through the indole-3-pyruvia acid (IPyA) pathway, which was further confirmed by intermediate assay. E. xiangfangensis BHW6 with an important economic value has great prospect in agricultural and industrial application.

scholarly journals Identification of New Metabolites of Bacterial Transformation of Indole by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Hanhong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Arthrobactersp. SPG transformed indole completely in the presence of an additional carbon source. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde as biotransformation products. This is the first report of the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde from indole by any bacterium.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of the Azospirillum brasilense Indole-3-Pyruvate Decarboxylase Gene and Identification of a cis-Acting Sequence Involved in Auxin Responsive Expression

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vande Broek ◽  
P. Gysegom ◽  
O. Ona ◽  
N. Hendrickx ◽  
E. Prinsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

of the Azospirillum brasilense ipdC gene, encoding an indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in this bacterium, is upregulated by IAA. Here, we demonstrate that the ipdC gene is the promoter proximal gene in a bicistronic operon. Database searches revealed that the second gene of this operon, named iaaC, is well conserved evolutionarily and that the encoded protein is homologous to the Escherichia coli protein SCRP-27A, the zebrafish protein ES1, and the human protein KNP-I/GT335 (HES1), all of unknown function and belonging to the DJ-1/PfpI superfamily. In addition to this operon structure, iaaC is also transcribed monocistronically. Mutation analysis of the latter gene indicated that the encoded protein is involved in controlling IAA biosynthesis but not ipdC expression. Besides being upregulated by IAA, expression of the ipdC-iaaC operon is pH dependent and maximal at acidic pH. The ipdC promoter was studied using a combination of deletion analyses and site-directed mutagenesis. A dyadic sequence (ATTGTTTC(GAAT)GAAACAAT), centered at -48 was demonstrated to be responsible for the IAA inducibility. This bacterial auxin-responsive element does not control the pH-dependent expression of ipdC-iaaC.

scholarly journals Auxins Upregulate Expression of the Indole-3-Pyruvate Decarboxylase Gene in Azospirillum brasilense

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 1338-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Vande Broek ◽  
Mark Lambrecht ◽  
Kristel Eggermont ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT Transcription of the Azospirillum brasilense ipdC gene, encoding an indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase involved in the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is induced by IAA as determined by ipdC-gusA expression studies and Northern analysis. Besides IAA, exogenously added synthetic auxins such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid, andp-chlorophenoxyacetic acid were also found to upregulateipdC expression. No upregulation was observed with tryptophan, acetic acid, or propionic acid or with the IAA conjugates IAA ethyl ester and IAA-l-phenylalanine, indicating structural specificity is required for ipdC induction. This is the first report describing the induction of a bacterial gene by auxin.

scholarly journals Tryptophan-Dependent Production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Affects Level of Plant Growth Promotion by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
ElSorra E. Idris ◽  
Domingo J. Iglesias ◽  
Manuel Talon ◽  
Rainer Borriss
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Phytohormone-like acting compounds previously have been suggested to be involved in the phytostimulatory action exerted by the plant-beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry performed with culture filtrates of FZB42 demonstrated the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), corroborating it as one of the pivotal plant-growth-promoting substances produced by this bacterium. In the presence of 5 mM tryptophan, a fivefold increase in IAA secretion was registered. In addition, in the trp auxotrophic strains E101 (ΔtrpBA) and E102 (ΔtrpED), and in two other strains bearing knockout mutations in genes probably involved in IAA metabolism, E103 (ΔysnE, putative IAA transacetylase) and E105 (ΔyhcX, putative nitrilase), the concentration of IAA in the culture filtrates was diminished. Three of these mutant strains were less efficient in promoting plant growth, indicating that the Trp-dependent synthesis of auxins and plant growth promotion are functionally related in B. amyloliquefaciens.

scholarly journals Volatile 1-octanol of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fuels cell division and indole-3-acetic acid production in phylloplane isolate Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovarasan Neelakandan ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Ning Wang ◽  
Kui-Nuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Solvent Tolerant ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractTea leaves possess numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to tea’s characteristic aroma. Some components of tea VOC were known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; however, their impact on bacteria remains elusive. Here, we showed that the VOC of fresh aqueous tea leaf extract, recovered through hydrodistillation, promoted cell division and tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19, a solvent-tolerant isolate of the tea phylloplane. 1-octanol was identified as one of the responsible volatiles stimulating cell division, metabolic change, swimming motility, putative pili/nanowire formation and IAA production, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microscopy and partition petri dish culture analyses. The bacterial metabolic responses including IAA production increased under 1-octanol vapor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas direct-contact in liquid culture failed to elicit such response. Thus, volatile 1-octanol emitting from tea leaves is a potential modulator of cell division, colonization and phytohormone production in NEEL19, possibly influencing the tea aroma.

A Prototype Model for Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production by Azospirillum brasilense SP245

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Y. Smets ◽  
Kristel Bernaerts ◽  
Astrid Cappuyns ◽  
Ositadinma Ona ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid
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