scholarly journals Performance of Three Microimmunofluorescence Assays for Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae Immunoglobulin M, G, and A Antibodies

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bennedsen ◽  
Lene Berthelsen ◽  
Inga Lind
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACT The microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test is considered the “gold standard” for laboratory diagnosis of acute and chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The performance of a MIF test based on C. pneumoniae antigen from Washington Research Foundation (WRF) was compared with those of assays from Labsystems (LAB) and MRL Diagnostics (MRL) by investigation of sera from three groups of patients: group I, 83 sera from 28 patients with atypical pneumonia; group II, 37 sera from 16 patients with acute C. pneumoniae or Chlamydia psittaci respiratory tract infection confirmed by PCR or culture; group III, 100 sera from 100 persons enrolled in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The accordance among the results of the WRF assay and the two commercial assays was excellent for the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody detection rate (98%). The accordance in detection rates for IgG and IgA antibodies in sera from patients with acute infections was acceptable (87 and 88%), and in sera from group III, it was excellent (95 and 97%). The determinations of endpoint titers were reproducible with <1 dilution step difference for all three methods, except that the mean IgM antibody titer found by the LAB assay was almost 2 dilution steps higher than that found by the other two methods. Although the three assays use different C. pneumoniae strains as antigens, the detection rates and IgG and IgA endpoint titers were similar. The difference in endpoint titers of IgM antibodies is of no major concern, as the diagnosis of acute C. pneumoniae infection rests on the presence of IgM antibodies, not on their level.

Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Malo ◽  
Eric Holbrook ◽  
Tirdad Zangeneh ◽  
Chris Strawter ◽  
Eyal Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Detection Specificity

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic areas of the southwestern United States. Clinical presentations range from self-limited disease to severe, disseminated disease. As such, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring. Currently available diagnostic testing has variable accuracy, particularly in certain patient populations, and new tests may offer improved accuracy for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Serum samples from patients with coccidioidomycosis and controls were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using the MVista Coccidioides antibody detection EIA and two commonly used commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits: the IMMY Omega EIA and the Meridian Premier EIA. The sensitivity of the IgG antibody detection was 87.4% using the MVista test compared to 46.6% for IMMY and 70.9% for Meridian. The sensitivity for IgM antibody detection was 61.2% for the MVista test, 22.3% for IMMY and 29.1% for Meridian. For IgG antibody detection, specificity was 90% for the MVista EIA, 94.6% for IMMY, 96.4% for Meridian. For IgM antibody detection, specificity was 95.3% for the MVista test 98.2% for IMMY and 99.1% for Meridian. The MVista Coccidioides antibody EIA offers improved sensitivity, including among high-risk patient populations, for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison to other currently available EIAs.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to P35 Antigen of Toxoplasma gondii for Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Infection in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3967-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Raymund Ramirez ◽  
Cindy Press ◽  
Shuli Li ◽  
Stephen Parmley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Group Ii

We examined the efficiency of detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to a 35-kDa antigen (P35) of Toxoplasma gondiifor serodiagnosis of acute infection in pregnant women. A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant P35 antigen (P35-IgM-ELISA) was used for this purpose. On the basis of the clinical history and the combination of results from the toxoplasma serological profile (Sabin-Feldman dye test, conventional IgM and IgA ELISAs, and the differential agglutination test), the patients were classified into three groups: group I, status suggestive of recently acquired infection; group II, status suggestive of infection acquired in the distant past; group III, status suggestive of persisting IgM antibodies. Eighteen (90.0%) of 20 serum samples from group I patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas none of the 33 serum samples from group II patients were positive. Only 4 (25.0%) of 16 serum samples from group III patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas all these serum samples were positive by the conventional IgM ELISA. These results indicate that demonstration of IgM antibodies against P35 by the P35-IgM-ELISA is more specific for the acute stage of the infection than demonstration of IgM antibodies by the ELISA that uses a whole-lysate antigen preparation. Studies with sera obtained from four pregnant women who seroconverted (IgG and IgM antibodies) during pregnancy revealed that two of them became negative by the P35-IgM-ELISA between 4 and 6 months after seroconversion, whereas the conventional IgM ELISA titers remained highly positive. The P35-IgM-ELISA appears to be useful for differentiating recently acquired infection from those acquired in the distant past in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Influence of Clarithromycin on Early Atherosclerotic Lesions after Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in a Rabbit Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius W. Fong ◽  
Brian Chiu ◽  
Esther Viira ◽  
Dan Jang ◽  
James B. Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Early Lesions ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in atherogenesis and vascular diseases, and antibiotics may prove useful in these conditions. Three groups of New Zealand White rabbits (24 per group) were infected via the nasopharynx with C. pneumoniae on three separate occasions (2 weeks apart). Group I was untreated and sacrificed at 12 weeks; group II received clarithromycin at 20 mg/kg/day for 8 days, beginning 5 days after each inoculation (early treatment); and group III received a similar dose of clarithromycin starting 2 weeks after the third inoculation and continued for 6 weeks thereafter (delayed treatment). To test for a possible anti-inflammatory effect of clarithromycin, two other groups of uninfected rabbits (12 animals in each) were fed 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow, and one of these groups was treated with clarithromycin at 30 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Of 23 untreated infected rabbits, 8 developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, whereas 2 of the 24 early-treated group II had similar changes (P = 0.036 [75% efficacy]). However, in the delayed-treatment group, group III, 3 of 24 rabbits developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, thus demonstrating 62.5% reduction compared to the untreated controls (P = 0.07 [trend to statistical significance]). C. pneumoniae antigen was detected in 8 of 23 group I (untreated) rabbits versus 1 of 24 of the early-treated (group II) rabbits and 4 of 24 animals in the delayed group III (P = 0.009 and 0.138, respectively). All of the untreated, cholesterol-fed rabbits had moderate to advanced atherosclerosis (grade III or IV); clarithromycin had no effect on reducing the prevalence of but did reduce the extent of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbits by 17% compared to untreated controls. Thus, clarithromycin administration modified C. pneumoniae-induced atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the ability to detect organism in tissue. Early treatment was more effective than delayed treatment.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin producing cells in chickens immunized with Eimeria tenella gametocyte antigen vaccines

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Ayaz ◽  
M. Akhtar ◽  
I. Hussain ◽  
F. Muhammad ◽  
A.U. Haq
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cent Mortality ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

The present paper reports on the IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies secreting cells (ASC) in the spleen of chickens vaccinated with <I>E. tenella</I> (local isolates) gametocyte vaccine(s) by using Enzyme Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Irrespective of the vaccine used, the number of IgG antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the spleen of orally vaccinated chickens was higher than the number of IgA and IgM ASC. Maximum numbers of IgG, IgA and IgM ASC were found in chickens vaccinated with sonicated gametocyte formalin inactivated vaccine (Group III) followed by formalin inactivated gametocytes (Group II) and gametocytes (Group I). The number of ASC (IgG, IgA and IgM) per 10<sup>4</sup> cells in spleen was significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in Group III as compared to Group II and Group I. Results of the challenge experiments revealed maximum protection against mixed species of the genus <I>Eimeria</I> in Group III (77.8%) followed by Group II (55.6%) and Group I (52.0%). Lesion scoring was directly proportional to the per cent mortality and oocysts per gram of droppings but inversely proportional to the per cent protection. Based on the results, it was assumed that the spleen in chickens is one of the major sources of cells producing IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies.

scholarly journals Inhibition of cell growth by monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibodies.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Lesley ◽  
R J Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Mutant Cells

Five anti-murine transferrin receptor monoclonal antibodies have been characterized with respect to immunoglobulin class, effects on binding of transferrin, and effects on AKR1 lymphoma cell growth in vitro. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, but not the IgG antibodies, prevent cell growth. We suggest that the profound effects of the IgM antibodies on cell growth are probably due to extensive cross-linking of cell surface receptors. In support of this, we are able to mimic the growth-inhibiting effects of the IgM antibodies by adding antiimmunoglobulin to an IgG antibody. By flow microfluorimetry, we show that an IgG antibody by itself induces up to a 10-fold downward regulation in the cell surface transferrin receptor, which is accompanied by accelerated receptor degradation. A similar downward regulation is seen in mutant cells resistant to growth inhibition by an IgM antibody, when grown in the selecting antibody. Wild-type cells grown in the presence of IgM antibody do not show receptor downward regulation. Inhibitory effects of antibody plus antiimmuoglobulin on mutant cells are also consistent with extensive cross-linking causing inhibition of growth.

scholarly journals Can an Antibiotic (Macrolide) PreventChlamydia pneumoniae-Induced Atherosclerosis in a Rabbit Model?

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius W. Fong ◽  
Brian Chiu ◽  
Esther Viira ◽  
Dan Jang ◽  
Michael W. Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

ABSTRACT There is increasing data implicating Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and antibiotics may theoretically be useful to prevent secondary vascular complications. Three groups of New Zealand White specific-pathogen-free rabbits, fed cholesterol-free chow, were inoculated via the nasopharynx on three occasions, 2 weeks apart, with C. pneumoniae. Group I (n = 23) rabbits were untreated; group II (n = 24) rabbits were treated with azithromycin at 30 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 days and then once every 6 days, starting 5 days after first inoculation and continuing until sacrifice (early treatment); and group III (n = 24) rabbits were treated with the same dose of azithromycin but initiated 2 weeks after the last inoculation. All animals were sacrificed at 10 to 11 weeks after initial inoculation and examined for signs of atherosclerosis of the aorta. Eight (34.8%) untreated rabbits developed early signs of atherosclerosis, whereas only one (4.2%) in the early-treatment group had such signs (P = 0.02). However, eight rabbits (33.3%) of the delayed-treatment group had atherosclerotic changes of the aorta and no significant reduction compared to untreated rabbits. Early treatment of C. pneumoniae-infected rabbits with azithromycin was highly effective (87%) in preventing atherosclerotic changes, but delayed treatment was ineffective. It is possible that longer or more aggressive antibiotic treatment may be needed to reverse preformed lesions or that antibiotics may not be of value once lesions have formed.

scholarly journals Persistence of Anti-Zika Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies in Children with Microcephaly up to Four Years after Primary Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubio S. Campos ◽  
Rejane H. Carvalho ◽  
Maria da Glória Teixeira ◽  
Giovanna F. Britto e Silva ◽  
Carolina A. Rolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Antibody Persistence

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the flaviviridae family of virus, considered to cause acute self-limited infection in adults, though it may lead to severe complications. It is believed that ZIKV infection elicit a classical viral immune reaction, with primary IgM antibody response and secondary IgG immunity. Persistence of IgM antibodies has been identified for other viruses belonging to the same family as ZIKV. We investigated, therefore, the presence of anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies in children with microcephaly born between January 2015 and November 2018, and their parents. We have detected persistence of IgM in 22% of children with microcephaly up to four years after primary infection. Long term IgM persistence have implications for the diagnosis of acute infection. More investigation is needed in order to correctly construe the significance of anti-ZIKV IgM persistence in the population in general, and in children with microcephaly in particular. The dynamics of IgM antibody responses against ZIKV must be known and understood to avoid misinterpretation of diagnosis for acute infection, re-infection and antibody persistence.

Chlamydia

2011 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Parasite

10.1 Chlamydia trachomatis, 191 • An obligate intracellular parasite • 3 species: ▪ Chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases of genitourinary tract and eye ▪ Chlamydia psittaci is a respiratory pathogen, transmitted by contact with birds, causes psittacosis ▪ Chlamydia pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia • Incubation period 1-3 weeks...

Duration of anti-treponemal immunoglobulin M seroreversion after successful syphilis treatment in HIV-positive and -negative patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Vasilios Paparizos ◽  
Antonios Tsimpidakis ◽  
Electra Nicolaidou ◽  
Evangelos Daskalakis ◽  
Eleni Paparizou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syphilis Treatment ◽  
Study Population

Treponemal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody detection is currently among serologic tests used for syphilis diagnosis. However, the exact role of these antibodies is unclear. In this retrospective study of 326 (198 HIV positive and 128 negative) patients with early syphilis and positive IgM serology, data were analysed to investigate the time of IgM seroreversion after treatment and correlation with covariate factors. Median time of IgM seroreversion in the study population was 9 months (range 3–84, interquartile range 5–12). No statistically significant difference was observed between HIV-positive and -negative patients. At 12 months, 80.1% of the patients had a negative IgM test. At 6 months, 100% of HIV-positive patients had a fourfold decrease or greater in Venereal Disease Research Laboratory titres, but only 35.4% had a negative treponemal IgM. Secondary and early latent stage patients had a slower seroreversion of IgM (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.73, p = 0.064 and HR = 0.60, p = 0.023, respectively) than those with primary syphilis. A very strong association was observed of time to seroreversion of treponemal IgM with baseline VDRL titre ( p < 0.001). Treponemal IgM antibody detection often cannot distinguish between active and successfully treated syphilis. Treponemal IgM may only be useful in the cases recommended in the guidelines, and in cases of untreated syphilis, it could support but not confirm the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Infection Related Immunoglobulin-M Antibodies Cross Reactive with Human Leucocyte Antigens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Güleç ◽  
Tulay Kilicaslan Ayna ◽  
Mustafa Soyöz ◽  
Nisel Yılmaz ◽  
Cem Şirin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody

Objective: The first required feature for the patients, who will undergo allotransplantation, is HLA compatibility between donor and the recipient. In this study, it was aimed to indicate whether IgM antibodies that are produced during acute infection phase affect crossmatch tests or not, in addition to hitches that can occur in HLA incompatible transplants. Methods: Eighty-two patients with acute infection due to only one infectious agent and high serum IgM antibody levels were involved in this study. The patients had no alloimmunization (blood transfusion, pregnancy, and/or previous transplants). Fifty-five healthy individuals were used as HLA antigen source in order to evaluate Ab-Ag lymphocytotoxicity reactions. Results: The infectious agent distribution in the sera samples were as 25.6% Anti-Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBV VCA), 14.6% Anti-Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 17.1% Anti-Toxoplasma, 11% Anti-Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), 7.3% Anti-Rubella, 7.3% Anti-Varicella zoster virus (VZV), 4.9% Anti-Brucella, 3.7% Anti-Mumps, 2.97% Anti-Parvovirus B19, 1.9% Anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, and 3.7% Anti-HBc. IgM antibody and HLA antigen reactions were analyzed by lymphocytotoxicity method in terasaki plates using peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 healthy individuals. Conclusion: In lymphocytotoxicity test, the distribution of reactions that IgM antibodies gave to HLA antigens without class I-II differentiation according to infections were identified as 50% Brucella, 50% VZV, 44.4% HAV, 41.7% CMV, 42.9% EBV, 35.7% Toxoplasma, and 33.3% Rubella.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document