scholarly journals Persistence of Anti-Zika Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies in Children with Microcephaly up to Four Years after Primary Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubio S. Campos ◽  
Rejane H. Carvalho ◽  
Maria da Glória Teixeira ◽  
Giovanna F. Britto e Silva ◽  
Carolina A. Rolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Antibody Persistence

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the flaviviridae family of virus, considered to cause acute self-limited infection in adults, though it may lead to severe complications. It is believed that ZIKV infection elicit a classical viral immune reaction, with primary IgM antibody response and secondary IgG immunity. Persistence of IgM antibodies has been identified for other viruses belonging to the same family as ZIKV. We investigated, therefore, the presence of anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies in children with microcephaly born between January 2015 and November 2018, and their parents. We have detected persistence of IgM in 22% of children with microcephaly up to four years after primary infection. Long term IgM persistence have implications for the diagnosis of acute infection. More investigation is needed in order to correctly construe the significance of anti-ZIKV IgM persistence in the population in general, and in children with microcephaly in particular. The dynamics of IgM antibody responses against ZIKV must be known and understood to avoid misinterpretation of diagnosis for acute infection, re-infection and antibody persistence.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Causes Acute Infection and Inflammation in the Ovary of Mice Without Apparent Defects in Fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Caine ◽  
Suzanne M Scheaffer ◽  
Darcy E Broughton ◽  
Vanessa Salazar ◽  
Jennifer Govero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Follicular Reserve

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses, because it is transmitted vertically and sexually in addition to by mosquito vectors. Prior studies in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans have shown that ZIKV targets the testis in males, resulting in persistent infection and oligospermia. However, its effects on the corresponding female gonads have not been evaluated. Methods In this study, we assessed the effects of ZIKV on the ovary in nonpregnant mice. Results During the acute phase, ZIKV productively infected the ovary causing accumulation of CD4+ and virus-specific CD8+ T cells. T cells protected against ZIKV infection in the ovary, as higher viral burden was measured in CD8−/− and TCRβδ−/− mice. Increased cell death and tissue inflammation in the ovary was observed during the acute phase of infection, but this normalized over time. Conclusions In contrast to that observed with males, minimal persistence and no long-term consequences of ZIKV infection on ovarian follicular reserve or fertility were demonstrated in this model. Thus, although ZIKV replicates in cells of the ovary and causes acute oophoritis, there is rapid resolution and no long-term effects on fertility, at least in mice.

scholarly journals Infection Related Immunoglobulin-M Antibodies Cross Reactive with Human Leucocyte Antigens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Güleç ◽  
Tulay Kilicaslan Ayna ◽  
Mustafa Soyöz ◽  
Nisel Yılmaz ◽  
Cem Şirin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody

Objective: The first required feature for the patients, who will undergo allotransplantation, is HLA compatibility between donor and the recipient. In this study, it was aimed to indicate whether IgM antibodies that are produced during acute infection phase affect crossmatch tests or not, in addition to hitches that can occur in HLA incompatible transplants. Methods: Eighty-two patients with acute infection due to only one infectious agent and high serum IgM antibody levels were involved in this study. The patients had no alloimmunization (blood transfusion, pregnancy, and/or previous transplants). Fifty-five healthy individuals were used as HLA antigen source in order to evaluate Ab-Ag lymphocytotoxicity reactions. Results: The infectious agent distribution in the sera samples were as 25.6% Anti-Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBV VCA), 14.6% Anti-Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 17.1% Anti-Toxoplasma, 11% Anti-Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), 7.3% Anti-Rubella, 7.3% Anti-Varicella zoster virus (VZV), 4.9% Anti-Brucella, 3.7% Anti-Mumps, 2.97% Anti-Parvovirus B19, 1.9% Anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, and 3.7% Anti-HBc. IgM antibody and HLA antigen reactions were analyzed by lymphocytotoxicity method in terasaki plates using peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 healthy individuals. Conclusion: In lymphocytotoxicity test, the distribution of reactions that IgM antibodies gave to HLA antigens without class I-II differentiation according to infections were identified as 50% Brucella, 50% VZV, 44.4% HAV, 41.7% CMV, 42.9% EBV, 35.7% Toxoplasma, and 33.3% Rubella.

scholarly journals Distinct cellular immune signatures in acute Zika virus infection are associated with high or low persisting neutralizing antibody titers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. McCarthy ◽  
Pamela M. Odorizzi ◽  
Emma Lutz ◽  
Carolyn P. Smullin ◽  
Iliana Tenvooren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

Although the formation of a durable neutralizing antibody response after an acute viral infection is a key component of protective immunity, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers to infection or vaccination. Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal outcomes, and efforts to understand natural immunity to this infection are essential for optimizing vaccine design. In this study, we leveraged the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry (CyTOF) to deeply characterize the cellular immune response to acute and convalescent ZIKV infection in a cohort of blood donors in Puerto Rico incidentally found to be viremic during the 2015-2016 epidemic in the Americas. During acute ZIKV infection, we identified widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated innate immune subsets, as well as activated follicular helper CD4+ T cells and proliferating CD27-IgD- B cells, during acute infection were associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies at 6 months post-infection. On the other hand, low titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies were associated with immune features that suggested a cytotoxic-skewed immune "set-point." Our study offers insight into the cellular coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials for ZIKV and other acute viral infections aimed at inducing high titers of neutralizing antibodies.

scholarly journals Trimester-specific Zika virus infection affects placental responses in women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fok-Moon Lum ◽  
Vipin Narang ◽  
Susan Hue ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Naomi McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Screening Procedures

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with neurologic birth defects, but the effects on placental development are unclear. Full-term placentas from three women, each infected with ZIKV during specific pregnancy trimesters, were harvested for anatomic, immunologic and transcriptomic analysis. In this study, each woman exhibited a unique immune response, but they collectively diverged from healthy controls with raised IL-1RA, IP-10, EGF and RANTES expression, and neutrophil numbers during the acute infection phase. Although ZIKV NS3 antigens co-localized to placental Hofbauer cells, the placentas showed no anatomical defects. Transcriptomic analysis of samples from the placentas revealed that infection during trimester 1 caused a disparate cellular response centered on differential eIF2 signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation. These findings should translate to improve clinical prenatal screening procedures for virus-infected pregnant patients.

scholarly journals Zika virus: a new pandemic threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani ◽  
Nyla Nazir ◽  
Mashael R. Al-Anazi ◽  
Salvatore Rubino ◽  
Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Contaminated Blood

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family and is related to dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. ZIKV was first discovered in Uganda in 1947. Different species of mosquito from the Aedes genus, mainly A. aegypti and A. albopictus are the vectors responsible for ZIKV infection in humans. It is also reported that ZIKV is transmitted congenitally, sexually, and through blood donation. Until recently, ZIKV outbreaks were sporadic and self-limiting. The first large epidemic was reported from Yap Island in 2007 followed by an outbreak of Zika fever in French Polynesia in 2013. Brazil is the epicenter of the current ZIKV epidemic which is rapidly spreading across the Americas. ZIKV infection remained relatively less studied in view of its low case numbers, and low clinical impact relative to other arboviruses. However, all this is set to change with its rapid spread in the Western hemisphere and suspected complications particularly microcephaly in newborn babies with ZIKV infected mothers. ZIKV is expected to substantially add to both short-term and long-term economic burden of the effected countries. Due to the large number of people travelling across the borders and some reported cases of transmission of ZIKV via contaminated blood, screening and identification of asymptomatic infected individuals are important.

Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Malo ◽  
Eric Holbrook ◽  
Tirdad Zangeneh ◽  
Chris Strawter ◽  
Eyal Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Detection Specificity

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic areas of the southwestern United States. Clinical presentations range from self-limited disease to severe, disseminated disease. As such, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring. Currently available diagnostic testing has variable accuracy, particularly in certain patient populations, and new tests may offer improved accuracy for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Serum samples from patients with coccidioidomycosis and controls were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using the MVista Coccidioides antibody detection EIA and two commonly used commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits: the IMMY Omega EIA and the Meridian Premier EIA. The sensitivity of the IgG antibody detection was 87.4% using the MVista test compared to 46.6% for IMMY and 70.9% for Meridian. The sensitivity for IgM antibody detection was 61.2% for the MVista test, 22.3% for IMMY and 29.1% for Meridian. For IgG antibody detection, specificity was 90% for the MVista EIA, 94.6% for IMMY, 96.4% for Meridian. For IgM antibody detection, specificity was 95.3% for the MVista test 98.2% for IMMY and 99.1% for Meridian. The MVista Coccidioides antibody EIA offers improved sensitivity, including among high-risk patient populations, for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison to other currently available EIAs.

scholarly journals Late Neurological Consequences of Zika Virus Infection: Risk Factors and Pharmaceutical Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis N. O. Souza ◽  
Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragão ◽  
Paula S. Frost ◽  
Claudia P. Figueiredo ◽  
Julia R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Clinical Surveillance ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was historically considered a disease with mild symptoms and no major consequences to human health. However, several long-term, late onset, and chronic neurological complications, both in congenitally-exposed babies and in adult patients, have been reported after ZIKV infection, especially after the 2015 epidemics in the American continent. The development or severity of these conditions cannot be fully predicted, but it is possible that genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may contribute to determine ZIKV infection outcomes. This reinforces the importance that individuals exposed to ZIKV are submitted to long-term clinical surveillance and highlights the urgent need for the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce or eliminate the neurological burden of infection. Here, we review the epidemiology of ZIKV-associated neurological complications and the role of factors that may influence disease outcome. Moreover, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence of drugs that have shown promising results in vitro or in vitro against viral replication and and/or ZIKV-induced neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Inhibition of cell growth by monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibodies.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Lesley ◽  
R J Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Mutant Cells

Five anti-murine transferrin receptor monoclonal antibodies have been characterized with respect to immunoglobulin class, effects on binding of transferrin, and effects on AKR1 lymphoma cell growth in vitro. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, but not the IgG antibodies, prevent cell growth. We suggest that the profound effects of the IgM antibodies on cell growth are probably due to extensive cross-linking of cell surface receptors. In support of this, we are able to mimic the growth-inhibiting effects of the IgM antibodies by adding antiimmunoglobulin to an IgG antibody. By flow microfluorimetry, we show that an IgG antibody by itself induces up to a 10-fold downward regulation in the cell surface transferrin receptor, which is accompanied by accelerated receptor degradation. A similar downward regulation is seen in mutant cells resistant to growth inhibition by an IgM antibody, when grown in the selecting antibody. Wild-type cells grown in the presence of IgM antibody do not show receptor downward regulation. Inhibitory effects of antibody plus antiimmuoglobulin on mutant cells are also consistent with extensive cross-linking causing inhibition of growth.

scholarly journals Evidence of Zika virus circulation in asymptomatic pregnant women in Northeast, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009412
Author(s):  
Rebeca Costa Castelo Branco ◽  
Patrícia Brasil ◽  
Josélio Maria Galvão Araújo ◽  
Flávia Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Zulmira Silva Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Maternity Clinics

Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus associated with microcephaly and other fetal anormalities. However, evidence of asymptomatic ZIKV infection in pregnant women is still scarce. This study investigated the prevalence of Zika infection in asymptomatic pregnant women attending two public maternities in Maranhão state, Northeast Brazil. Methods A total of 196 women were recruited at the time of delivery by convenience sampling from two maternity clinics in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, between April 2017 and June 2018. Venous blood, umbilical cord blood and placental fragments from maternal and fetal sides were collected from each subject. ZIKV infection was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for ZIKV and by serology (IgM and IgG). Nonspecific laboratory profiles (TORCH screen) were obtained from medical records. Results The participants were mostly from São Luís and were of 19–35 years of age. They had 10–15 years of schooling and they were of mixed race, married, and Catholic. ZIKV was identified in three umbilical cord samples and in nine placental fragments. Mothers with positive ZIKV RT-qPCR were in the age group older than 19 years. Of the 196 women tested by ZIKV rapid test, 6 and 117 women were positive for anti-ZIKV IgM and anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies, respectively. Placental Immunohistochemistry study detected ZIKV in all samples positive by RT-PCR. The newborns did not show any morphological and/or psychomotor abnormalities at birth. Conclusions Asymptomatic ZIKV infection is frequent, but it was not associated to morphological and/or psychomotor abnormalities in the newborns up to 6 months post-birth. Although pathological abnormalities were not observed at birth, we cannot rule out the long term impact of apparent asymptomatic congenital ZIKV infection.

scholarly journals Neonatal Zika virus infection causes epileptic seizures, viral persistence and long-term behavioral impairment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis N. O. Souza ◽  
Paula S. Frost ◽  
Julia V. França ◽  
Jéssica Nascimento-Viana ◽  
Rômulo L. S. Neris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Immunocompetent Mouse ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mice Brain

AbstractA causal relationship between congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure and microcephaly and other neurological disorders have been established, but long-term consequences of infection are still unknown. We evaluated acute and late neuropathological and behavioral consequences of ZIKV infection in a neonatal immunocompetent mouse model. ZIKV showed brain tropism, causing post-natal microcephaly and several behavioral dysfunctions. During the acute phase of infection, mice developed very frequent epileptic seizures, which are consistently reduced by TNF-α neutralization. Although adult animals recover from seizures, they become more susceptible to chemically-induced crises. Intriguingly, the virus remained actively replicating in adult animals, which show persistent necrosis and calcifications in the mice brain. Altogether the results reveal late consequences of neonatal ZIKV exposure and suggest the early inhibition of neuroinflammation as a potential treatment.

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