scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Reactivity of NovelMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisPPE MAP1152 and Conserved MAP1156 Proteins with Sera from Experimentally and Naturally Infected Animals

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bannantine ◽  
Avery L. Paulson ◽  
Ofelia Chacon ◽  
Robert J. Fenton ◽  
Denise K. Zinniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Immunoblotting Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Project ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Control Antigen

ABSTRACTMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosiscauses Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. Development of genetic tools and completion of theM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisgenome sequencing project have expanded the opportunities for antigen discovery. In this study, we determined the seroreactivities of two proteins encoded at the 5′ and 3′ regions of the MAP1152-MAP1156 gene cluster. MAP1152 encodes a PPE protein, and MAP1156 encodes a diacylglycerol acyltransferase involved in triglyceride metabolism and classified in the uncharacterized protein family UPF0089. Recombinant MAP proteins were overproduced and purified fromEscherichia colias maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusions. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that both MAP1152 and MAP1156 displayed reactivity against sera of mice and rabbits immunized with liveM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosiscells and against samples from naturally infected cattle. In immunoblot assays, MAP1156 yielded a stronger positive signal than MAP1152 against sera from cattle with JD. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the recombinant proteins was developed and used to test preclassified positive and negative serum samples from naturally infected and noninfected cattle. Samples, with one exception, displayed no seroreactivity against the MBP-LacZ fusion protein (P> 0.05), the negative-control antigen. MAP1152 displayed seroreactivity against all positive sera but no seroreactivity to the negative sera (P< 0.01). MAP1156 displayed stronger and more variable reactivity than MAP1152, but significant differences were observed between noninfected and infected cattle (P< 0.05). Otherwise, degrees of reactivity followed the same trend as the positive reference antigen. In conclusion, both proteins are immunogenic in mice and rabbits, andM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis-infected cattle mount a humoral response to both MAP1152 and MAP1156 cross-reactive epitopes. These findings have potential applications to diagnostics, vaccine production, and elucidation of the immunopathogenesis of JD.

scholarly journals Enzootic bovine Leukosis: development of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-Elisa) in seroepidemiological studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Teresa González ◽  
Estela Beatriz Bonzo ◽  
María Gabriela Echeverría ◽  
María Licursi ◽  
María Elisa Etcheverrigaray
Keyword(s):  
Core Protein ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Bovine Leukosis

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiologic agent of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, a retrovirus exogenous to the bovine species. Once infected, there is no detectable viraemia but instead there is a strong and persistent immunological response to BLV structural proteins, essentially the gp51 envelope glycoprotein and the mayor core protein p24. We describe the test procedure of an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) using polyclonal reagents for the detection of antibodies to BLV. For comparison, the sera were simultaneously tested by agar gel immunodiffussion (AGID) test, which is currently used as diagnostic standard for BLV infection. The antigen applied does not require a high degree of purification and the data from the analysis of the negative sera showed that the establishment of a cut-off level corresponding to 3 times the standard deviation (SD) above the mean for the negative control set of sera provided acceptable specificity, reducing the risk of false positives results. A comparison of the results obtained by AGID test and I-ELISA showed that considering a total of 465 serum samples, all of the 234 samples (50%) that were positive by AGID were positive to the I-ELISA. Of 225 serum samples which yielded negative results in the AGID test, 69 (15%) were found to be positive by the I-ELISA and 156 (33%) were negative by both techniques. Few sera (2%) that were non-specific by AGID were defined as negative or positive by I-ELISA.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnosis of cattle fascioliasis using a 27 kDa Fasciola gigantica antigen

2021 ◽  
pp. 2097-2101
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Samer A. Tanash ◽  
Ammar M. Almaaytah ◽  
Issam J. Sa'adeh ◽  
Saed M. Aldalaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Target Epitope ◽  
Circulating Antigens

Background and Aim: Diagnosis of fascioliasis depends on clinical symptoms and routine laboratory tests. Recently, antibodies and circulating antigens of Fasciola were used for detecting active infections. Therefore, this study aimed to identify Fasciola gigantica antigens in the sera of infected cattle using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for an accurate diagnosis of cattle infected with F. gigantica. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 108, 23, and 19 cattle infected with Fasciola gigantica, Paramphistomum cervi, and Strongylids, respectively, including 57 non-infected cattle that were used as healthy cattle for the study. Western blotting and ELISA were then used to detect circulating Fasciola antigens at 27 kDa. Results: The target epitope was detected in an F. gigantica adult-worm antigen preparation, excretory/secretory products, and serum from cattle infected with F. gigantica. However, it was absent in sera from P. cervi, Strongylids, and healthy cattle. The purified 27 kDa F. gigantica (FPA-27) antigen was also detected in cattle serum using ELISA with high degrees of sensitivity and specificity (94% and 82%, respectively), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 with a highly significant correlation of p<0.0001. Conclusion: The FPA-27 is proposed to be a promising candidate for the serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in cattle.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Serological Reactivity of Individuals with Clinical History of Malaria using Two Different ELISA Tests

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Yorleydy Ruiz Moreno ◽  
Silvia Tavares Donato ◽  
Fátima Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Sousa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Serological Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antigenic Reactivity

Early diagnosis of malaria reduces disease, prevents deaths, and contributes to decreased malaria transmission. The use of specific and sensitive antigens in the execution of serological diagnostics may have an impact on the transmission of the disease. However, many individuals cannot be easily diagnosed by serological tests due to low levels of antibodies in the serum. Using two different Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests (a commercial and an in-house ELISA), a total of 365 serum samples from individuals with a clinical history of malaria were analyzed. From the serum samples analyzed, 192 (53%) samples from the commercial ELISA and 219 (60%) samples from the in-house ELISA presented positive serological reactivity to malaria. The concordance of the samples tested (n = 365) between both ELISAs was of 67% (n = 242), and with the negative control was 100% (n = 17). We demonstrated that the in-house ELISA showed high antigenic reactivity to Plasmodium falciparum antigens when compared with the commercial ELISA. The degree of concordance of both ELISAs suggested the possibility of existence of other P. falciparum antigens present in the crude extract of P. falciparum that are important in the serological response during malaria infection.

scholarly journals A Field Study Evaluating Humoral Immunity in Calves Vaccinated with Multivalent Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
A. C. Berge ◽  
T. Jozan ◽  
C. Levesque ◽  
G. Vertenten
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Bovine Parainfluenza 3 (BPI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) are major respiratory pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex. It is important to optimize passive and active immunity to these pathogens early in life to reduce clinical and subclinical productivity losses. The administration of inactivated, adjuvanted and multivalent vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP (Bovipast), and Bovalto® Respi 3 (Bovalto) to calves, may enhance cellular and humoral immunity against BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. A field trial evaluated the immune responses to these three agents in the first year of life in 12 Bovipast and 13 Bovalto vaccinated calves, and 5 negative control calves. Calves were vaccinated starting at 2 weeks of age and revaccinated 4 weeks later (primo vaccination). A booster vaccination was given at approximately 10 months of age. Serum samples were taken at time intervals up to 6 months after primo vaccination and up to 1 month after the booster vaccination. BRSV serum titres were evaluated using a serum neutralisation assay (SN), and BRSV, BPI3 and Mh titres were evaluated using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Serum antibodies after primo and booster vaccinations in the individual calves were evaluated by calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) of the Log2 transformed BRSV SN titres and the optic density measures of the ELISA tests for BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. Multivariate general linear models were used to evaluate the influence of the vaccination on the AUC of the serum measures within 6 months after the primo vaccination. Similarly, models evaluated the AUC of the serum measures after the booster vaccination. The Bovipast vaccinated calves had significantly higher SN and ELISA titres AUC following the primo vaccination and booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves and the Bovalto vaccinated calves. The Bovalto vaccinated calves did not have a significantly different BRSV SN and ELISA titres AUC response after the primo or booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves. The serum antibody responses to BPI3 and Mh in the vaccinated calves were less pronounced than the Bovipast BRSV antibody response. Bovipast and Boval- to vaccinated calves mounted a significantly higher AUC ELISA OD for both BPI3 and Mh and the highest AUC was measured in the Bovipast vaccinated calves. This study indicated that early vaccinations of calves with multivalent adjuvanted inactivated BRD vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP can elicit a humoral response with a cellular-mediated memory effect as indicated by the booster vaccination.

scholarly journals Specific Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium Antigenic Peptides for Neurocysticercosis Immunodiagnosis Using Serum Samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Ednéia Casagranda Bueno ◽  
Adelaide José Vaz ◽  
Luís Dos Ramos Machado ◽  
JoséAntônio Livramento ◽  
Sílvia Regina Mielle
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Analysis ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Paired Serum

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NC), i.e., the presence of the larval form of Taenia solium in tissues, is the most frequent and severe infection involving the central nervous system. Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with NC, CSF and serum samples from a control group, and serum samples from patients with other parasitoses were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoblotting with Taenia crassiceps vesicular fluid antigen (Tcra) and Taenia solium total saline antigen (Tso) for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies. ELISAs carried out with the Tso and Tcra antigens showed 94.1 and 95.6% sensitivities, respectively, for the detection of antibodies in CSF and 70.6% and 91.2% sensitivities, respectively, for the detection of antibodies in serum, with 100% specificity for the detection of antibodies in CSF and 80% specificity for the detection of antibodies in serum for both antigens. On the basis of the reactivities of the peptides in the samples analyzed, the peptides of ≤23, 39, 85 to 77, and 97 kDa were found to be Tso specific by immunoblotting and the peptides of ≤62, 74, 109, 121, and 131 kDa were found to be Tcra specific. Tests with Tcra extract had higher sensitivities and more homogeneous results and permitted us to obtain the parasites easily. We suggest the use of Tcra ELISA for the study of serum and confirmation of the results for sera positive by an immunoblotting analysis in which specific peptides (e.g., peptides of 19 to 13 kDa) are detected.

scholarly journals Humoral Response in Toscana Virus Acute Neurologic Disease Investigated by Viral-Protein-Specific Immunoassays

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Magurano ◽  
Loredana Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Nucleoprotein N

ABSTRACT The Toscana virus (family Bunyaviridae, genusPhlebovirus) is the only sandfly-transmitted virus that demonstrates neurotropic activity. Clinical cases ranging from aseptic meningitis to meningoencephalitis caused by Toscana virus are yearly observed in central Italy during the summer, and several cases have been reported among tourists returning from zones of endemicity (Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Cyprus). In Toscana virus patients, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, usually present at the onset of symptoms, can reveal elevated titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and can persist for at least 1 year. IgG antibodies can be absent at the onset of symptoms: titers rise in convalescent sera and persist for many years. At least five proteins have been identified in Toscana virus-infected cells: nucleoprotein N, glycoproteins G1 and G2, a large protein (L) assumed to be a component of the polymerase, and two nonstructural proteins, NSm and NSs. We report results of a study on the antibody response to individual viral proteins in patients with Toscana virus-associated acute neurologic disease. Immunoblotting and semiquantitative radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) allow identification of nucleoprotein N as the major antigen responsible for both IgM and IgG responses. Antibodies to proteins other than nucleoprotein N are detected only by RIPA. Antibodies to glycoproteins are detected in about one-third of patients, and whereas their presence always predicts neutralization, some serum samples with neutralizing activity have undetectable levels of antibodies to G1-G2. Antibodies to nonstructural proteins NSm and NSs are also identified. The results obtained raise some questions about antigenic variability and relevant neutralization epitopes of Toscana virus.

Mycophenolate mofetil, together with cyclosporin A, prevents anti-OKT3 antibody response in kidney transplant recipients.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521-1525
Author(s):  
N Broeders ◽  
K M Wissing ◽  
A Crusiaux ◽  
P Kinnaert ◽  
P Vereerstraeten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Impact

OKT3 monoclonal antibody, a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody targeting the T cell CD3 antigen, elicits a neutralizing humoral response in 20 to 50% of kidney transplant recipients when the concomitant immunosuppression consists of CsA-Sandimmun (SAND) and azathioprine (AZA). In the present study, we investigated the impact of the newer agents, CsA-Neoral (NEO) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on OKT3 sensitization. Sixty-two consecutive kidney transplant recipients received prophylactic OKT3 (5 mg/d) from days 0 to 13, together with steroids. Concomitant immunosuppression consisted of either AZA + SAND (n=20), AZA + NEO (n=31), or MMF + NEO (n=11). The following doses were used: AZA, 2 mg/kg per d from days 0 to 13, then 1 mg/kg per d; MMF, 2 g/d starting on day 1; and CsA, either SAND or NEO, 6 mg/kg per d from day 6. At least two serum samples per month were available during the initial 3 mo for each patient. IgG anti-OKT3 antibodies were first evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were considered sensitized if their serum scored positive at a dilution > or = 1/1000. Peak titers of IgG anti-OKT3 antibodies and the incidence of patients harboring neutralizing anti-idiotypic antibodies were also determined. A first reduction in OKT3 sensitization was seen in patients receiving Neoral instead of Sandimmun (AZA + SAND: 10 of 20 [50%] patients sensitized versus 6 of 31 [19%] in the AZA + NEO group; P=0.03). This was probably related to the achievement of higher mean CsA trough blood levels in the NEO group during the first month (253+/-44 versus 186+/-49 ng/ml in SAND patients). Peak antibody titers and the proportion of patients with anti-idiotypic antibodies were similar in the AZA + SAND and AZA + NEO groups. A further reduction in the sensitization rate was observed with the replacement of AZA by MMF (MMF + NEO: 0% sensitized patients; P=0.0013). It is concluded that the combination of CsA-Neoral and MMF efficiently prevents sensitization against OKT3.

scholarly journals High levels of HCV core+1 antibodies in HCV patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dalagiorgou ◽  
N. Vassilaki ◽  
P. Foka ◽  
A. Boumlic ◽  
A. Kakkanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
The Core ◽  
Specific Reactivity ◽  
Cellular Immune

The core region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome possesses an overlapping ORF that has been shown to encode a protein, known as the alternate reading frame protein (ARFP), F or core+1. The biological role of this protein remains elusive, as it appears to be non-essential for virus replication. However, a number of independent studies have shown that the ARFP/F/core+1 protein elicits humoral and cellular immune responses in HCV-infected individuals and interacts with important cellular proteins. To assess the significance of the core+1 humoral response in HCV-infected patients, we examined the prevalence of anti-core+1 antibodies in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with chronically HCV-infected individuals without HCC. We produced two HCV core+1 histidine-tagged recombinant proteins for genotypes 1a (aa 11–160) and 1b (aa 11–144), as well as a non-tagged highly purified recombinant core+1/S protein (aa 85–144) of HCV-1b. Using an in-house ELISA, we tested the prevalence of core+1 antibodies in 45 patients with HCC in comparison with 47 chronically HCV-infected patients without HCC and 77 negative-control sera. More than 50 % of the serum samples from HCC patients reacted with all core+1 antigens, whereas <26 % of the sera from the non-HCC HCV-infected individuals tested positive. No core+1-specific reactivity was detected in any of the control samples. In conclusion, the high occurrence of anti-core+1 antibodies in the serum of HCC patients suggests a role for the ARFP/F/core+1 protein in the pathogenesis of HCC.

scholarly journals Use of Avidity Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Avidity Western Blot to Discriminate between Acute and Chronic Neospora Caninum Infection in Cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aguado-Martínez ◽  
G. Álvarez-García ◽  
I. Arnaiz-Seco ◽  
E. Innes ◽  
L. M. Ortega-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Igg Avidity

Avidity serological tests (avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and avidity Western blot) were developed and used to differentiate between acute (primary infection, reinfection, and recrudescence) and chronic Neospora caninum infection in cattle. In addition, the pattern of immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity maturation against different specific antigens of N. caninum tachyzoites was studied. Sequential serum samples were collected from cattle naturally and experimentally infected with N. caninum. Four groups of experimentally infected cattle were included in the study and were representative of primary infection, reinfection, chronic infection, and noninfection. Serum samples were also collected from naturally infected cattle classified into nonaborting and aborting cows on the basis of clinical findings and serological profiles, and a third group composed of seronegative cows that seroconverted during the course of the experiment. All samples were tested by avidity ELISA and avidity Western blot. The IgG avidity ELISA allowed the discrimination between primary and chronic infection because all experimentally primary-infection cows showed low avidity indexes at week 4 postinfection (p.i.) compared with the high avidity values found at week 20 postinfection. However, this test did not allow the discrimination of reinfection or recrudescence from chronic infection. Regarding IgG avidity Western blot results, no antigenic markers correlating with acute (primary infection, recrudescence, and reinfection) or chronic infection were recognized. However, the 17-kD immunodominant antigen was mostly responsible for high avidity values obtained by avidity ELISA because it was intensively recognized by high-avidity antibodies in all chronically infected animals after urea treatment.

scholarly journals Identification of a Highly Antigenic Region of Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease 1 for Serodiagnosis of Neospora caninum Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez ◽  
Mohamad Alaa Terkawi ◽  
Kyohko Kameyama ◽  
Xuenan Xuan ◽  
Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Field Samples

ABSTRACTNeospora caninumis an apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion in cattle; hence, accurate diagnosis of this pathogen is important to the cattle farming industry. Our previous proteomics and immunoscreening analyses revealed that theN. caninumsubtilisin-like serine protease 1 (NcSUB1) has potential as a serodiagnostic tool forNeospora. Consequently, we expressed two fragments containing five NcSUB1 tandem repeat copies covering amino acids (aa) 524 to 843 (NcSUB1t) and 555 to 679 (NcSUB1tr) to identify the antigenic regions. The serodiagnostic performances of NcSUB1t and NcSUB1tr were compared with that of N54, which contains a single copy of the repeats (aa 649 to 784), and with the truncated NcSAG1 (NcSAG1t), which lacks a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions, as a positive reference. Serum samples fromN. caninumexperimentally infected cattle and mice and cattle from a farm with confirmed cases ofNeosporaabortion were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the four antigens. In theN. caninumexperimentally infected cattle, the highest IgG1 antibody titers were detected against NcSUB1t, while specific IgG1 antibodies were detectable from 16 days postinfection (dpi), with levels peaking at 36 dpi for all of the antigens. On the other hand, the levels of anti-NcSUB1 IgG2 antibodies were lower than those of anti-SAG1t IgG2 antibodies. The ELISA with NcSUB1t and NcSUB1tr had good sensitivity (94.59 to 95.95%) and specificity (80 to 100%) with bovine serum field samples compared to NcSAG1t and showed no cross-reactions with sera fromToxoplasma gondiiexperimentally infected mice. Moreover, IgG antibodies against NcSUB1t were detected during parturition in the NcSAG1t antibody-positive cattle, and NcSUB1t-specific antibody transfer was observed from a mother to her calf. Our results show that the NcSUB1 tandem repeat is potentially useful for serodiagnosis ofN. caninum.

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