scholarly journals Use of IgG in Oral Fluid To Monitor Infants with Suspected Congenital Toxoplasmosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Chapey ◽  
Valeria Meroni ◽  
François Kieffer ◽  
Lina Bollani ◽  
René Ecochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Year ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Work Up

ABSTRACTInfants born to mothers who seroconverted for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy are at risk of sequelae. In the case of a negative work-up at birth, congenital infection can be ruled out only by monitoring the disappearance of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) transmitted through the placenta, which can be achieved by regular blood sampling during the first year. To alleviate the discomfort of this follow-up, we developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific IgG diffusing passively from the blood through the gingival epithelium by collecting oral fluid on microsponges. To assess the feasibility of the test, 212 patients were first enrolled. Levels of specific IgG in oral fluid were significantly higher in seropositive (n= 195) than in seronegative (n= 17) patients (mean optical densities, 1.145 ± 0.99 versus 0.092 ± 0.127;P< 0.0001). In a population of 93 patients <15 months of age born to mothers who displayed toxoplasmic infection during pregnancy, 70 were free of congenital infection and were followed up until their serology turned negative, and 23 were congenitally infected. The same patterns of IgG were observed in the oral fluid and sera in each group. Using a cutoff of 0.04 (optical density value), the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 67.9% and 80.3%, respectively, and the probability of not having a congenital infection when the test on oral fluid was negative was 99%. Although the performance of the test needs to be improved, oral fluid sampling appears to be a promising tool for monitoring infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Liaison Automated Testing System for Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea-Romana Prusa ◽  
Michael Hayde ◽  
Arnold Pollak ◽  
Kurt R. Herkner ◽  
David C. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACTCongenital toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem, and different screening strategies exist. Testing of toxoplasma-specific antibodies in infants identifies congenital toxoplasmosis during the first year of life. However, experience with commercial available immunoassays is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the performance and analytical characteristics of the Liaison diagnostic system in infants. In a retrospective study, serumToxoplasma gondiiantibodies were measured in samples from 333 infants, including 212 noninfected infants and 121 infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. A total of 1,157 umbilical cord blood and peripheral serum samples were analyzed. Liaison toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgM antibodies and the IgG avidity index were compared to the infection status of the infant, determined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test and immunosorbent agglutination assay—IgM. All noninfected infants were seronegative by Liaison IgG within the first year of life. The Liaison system showed a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 100.0%, a positive predictive value of 100.0%, a negative predictive value of 90.6%, and overall agreement of 84.4% by comparison with the dye test. Overall agreement of both IgM test systems was 96.0%. In this study cohort, avidity did not show a potential diagnostic benefit for the detection of congenital infection. In conclusion, the Liaison system is a valuable tool to monitor the serologic course of infants at risk. A final serologic confirmatory test is recommended to improve the rate of detection of congenital toxoplasmosis at 1 year of life. Protocols of routine follow-up testing in infants and accurate diagnostic tools after acute gestational infections are needed to improve medical care.

Tubal factor pathology caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: The role of serology

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Mouton ◽  
M F Peeters ◽  
J H Van Rijssort-Vos ◽  
R P Verkooyen
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Tubal Factor Infertility ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Work Up

One of the causes of infertility in females is tubal pathology as a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Diagnosis and identification of patients is hampered by the lack of rapid, easy, sensitive and specific methods. The introduction of Ct-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, based upon synthetic peptides may subsequently increase the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of tubal factor infertility caused by Ct. In order to determine the value of these tests for serological diagnosis of Ct infections, we evaluated several commercially available assays (C. trachomatis enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Labsystems (CtL); SeroCT, Savyon (CtS); pELISA, Medac (CtMp); and a reference assay rELISA, Medac (CtMr)) in two study populations. The first group consisted of 134 female patients with infertility problems. Tubal factor infertility was observed in 85 of these patients (63%). A higher % positivity was found for Ct-specific IgG for the CtL, CtS and CtMp, 41% vs 10%, 57% vs 18% and 55% vs 25% respectively as compared to patients with infertility due to other problems. A similar trend was observed for Ct-specific IgA. The specificity of Ct-specific IgA and IgG in this patient group varied between 92 to 98% and 76 to 90%, respectively. The second group consisted of 107 consecutive gynaecology patients with fertility problems or suspected PID. In this particular patient group, the specificity of the peptide based tests were around 80% and 90% for Ct-specific IgA and 75% and 85% for Ct-specific IgG, respectively. The negative predictive values exceeded 90%, while the positive predictive values varied from 30% to 47% for Ct-specific IgA and was around 30% for Ct-specific IgG. Testing Ct-specific IgG had no additional value above Ct-specific IgA alone. We conclude that the new synthetic peptide-based EIA tests are able to detect species-specific antibodies, which are correlated to (active) infection, and that in particular IgA may be useful in the serodiagnosis of tubal factor infertility caused by C. trachomatis, and will contribute in simplifying the work-up in patients with infertility.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta E. Van der Colf ◽  
Gert U. Van Zyl ◽  
Bruce H. Noden ◽  
Dismas Ntirampeba
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Specific Igg

Background: When a pregnant woman contracts Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy, it may be vertically transmitted to the foetus. Information on the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in developing countries is scarce. Most studies focus on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women attending public antenatal care in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016.Methods: In this descriptive study, 344 urban pregnant women attending public antenatal care were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined by automated immunoassay. Samples with a positive T. gondii IgG result were tested for T. gondii Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and specific IgG avidity by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A questionnaire captured demographic data and exposure to risk factors. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and R.Results: Anti-T. gondii IgG was found in nine (2.61%) pregnant women. There was no association of anti-T. gondii IgG with demographic characteristics or exposure to risk factors.Anti-T. gondii IgM was positive in one (0.3%) woman, while three (0.9%) women had borderline anti-T. gondii IgM results. Specific IgG avidity was low, equivocal and high in 0%, 33% and 67% of seropositive pregnant women, respectively.Conclusion: Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG is much lower in Namibia than is reported in other developing countries. Investigation into specific IgM seropositivity and IgG avidity showed that pregnant women in the central region of Namibia are at low risk of vertical transmission and development of CT.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Nuhu Hussaini Shehu ◽  
Abdullahi Alhaji Magaji ◽  
Abdulkadir Usman Junaidu ◽  
Abubakar Abubakar Panti ◽  
Makun Babazhitsu
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan infection caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Several studies have been reported of high seroprevalence of this parasite from various hospitals in Nigeria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted at SYMH Birnin kebbi in 2015 using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 33.3%. 9.7% seropositivity was found at first trimester, 60.5% from second trimester and 29.8% from third trimester. Using a chi square logistic regression analysis, lack of education, lower age at pregnancy, and frequency of close contacts with cats were significantly associated with the prevalence of IgG antibodies. Conclusion: Most primary infections during pregnancy are asymptomatic, congenital toxoplasmosis can have serious effects on the developing fetus. Screening for primary infection is problematic, primary prevention is the most logical method to lower the risk of congenital infection. There is also a need to educate women on the safe handling of cat litter during pregnancy.

Detection of measles specific IgG in oral fluid using an FITC/anti-FITC IgG capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (GACELISA)

1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Nigatu ◽  
D.J Nokes ◽  
F Enquselassie ◽  
D.W.G Brown ◽  
B.J Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Igg

scholarly journals Shigella-specific antibodies in the first year of life among Zambian infants: A longitudinal cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252222
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Chisenga ◽  
Samuel Bosomprah ◽  
Michelo Simuyandi ◽  
Katayi Mwila-Kazimbaya ◽  
Obvious N. Chilyabanyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Year ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction Shigellosis, is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and related mortality in young children in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Knowledge on naturally acquired immunity can support the development of Shigella candidate vaccines mostly needed in LMICs. We aimed to quantify Shigella-specific antibodies of maternal origin and those naturally acquired in Zambian infants. Methods Plasma samples collected from infants at age 6, 14 and 52-weeks were tested for Shigella (S. sonnei and S. flexneri 2a) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results At 6 weeks infant age, the IgG geometric mean titres (GMT) against S. sonnei (N = 159) and S. flexneri 2a (N = 135) LPS were 311 (95% CI 259–372) and 446 (95% CI 343–580) respectively. By 14 weeks, a decline in IgG GMT was observed for both S. sonnei to 104 (95% CI 88–124), and S. flexneri 2a to 183 (95% CI 147–230). Both S. sonnei and S. flexneri 2a specific IgG GMT continued to decrease by 52 weeks infant age when compared to 6 weeks. In 27% and 8% of infants a significant rise in titre (4 fold and greater) against S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS, respectively, was detected between the ages of 14 and 52 weeks. IgA levels against both species LPS were very low at 6 and 14 weeks and raised significantly against S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS in 29% and 10% of the infants, respectively. Conclusion In our setting, transplacental IgG anti-Shigella LPS is present at high levels in early infancy, and begins to decrease by age 14 weeks. Our results are consistent with early exposure to Shigella and indicate naturally acquired IgG and IgA antibodies to S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS in part of infants between 14 and 52 weeks of age. These results suggest that a potential timing of vaccination would be after 14 and before 52 weeks of age to ensure early infant protection against shigellosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Zaireebolavirus–Specific IgG in Rural Gabonese Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. S768-S775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Nkoghe ◽  
Cindy Padilla ◽  
Pierre Becquart ◽  
Nadia Wauquier ◽  
Ghislain Moussavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Zaire Ebolavirus ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background.  In Gabon, several Ebolavirus outbreaks have occurred exclusively in the northeastern region. We conducted a large serosurvey to identify areas and populations at risk and potential demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors. Methods.  Blood samples and clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from 4349 adults and 362 children in a random sample of 220 villages in the 9 provinces of Gabon. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)–specific IgG, and thin blood smears were used to detect parasites. Logistic regression was implemented using Stata software (Stata), and a probability level of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results.  The prevalence of ZEBOV-specific IgG was 15.3% overall, increasing to 32.4% (P< .001) in forest areas. No sociodemographic risk factors were found, but the antibody prevalence increased linearly up to 20 years of age. Chronic arthralgia and amicrofilaremia were the only factors associated with ZEBOV seropositivity. Conclusions.  These findings confirm the endemicity of ZEBOV in Gabon and its link to the ecosystem. Human antibody positivity would appear to be to the result of exposure to contaminated fruits.

scholarly journals Rubella-specific IgG subclass concentrations in sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the effect of different sources of rubella antigen

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. J Thomas ◽  
P. Morgan-Capner
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Human Igg ◽  
Discrepant Result ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antigen A ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARYFive rubella antigens were evaluated in an antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rubella-specific IgG subclass antibody. One monoclonal anti-human IgG subclass antibody was used for each of IgG1, IgG2and IgG4, but two were compared for IgG3. A total of 101 sera were tested from cases of rubella in the distant past and from cases of primary rubella, reinfection and following immunization. Only one serum gave a discrepant result for specific IgG1, being positive with only one rubella antigen, a commercially prepared antigen coated on to microtitre wells (Enzygnost; Behringwerke). No sera contained detectable specific IgG2. Only four sera contained specific IgG4, and this was detectable only with Enzygnost antigen. For specific IgG3little difference was observed between the two monoclonal anti-human IgG3subclass antibodies; only two very weakly positive sera gave discrepant results. However, varying results were obtained for specific IgG3with the different antigens. Enzygnost gave more positive results for specific IgG3with most categories of sera.It is concluded that the differences between various reports of the rubella-specific IgG subclass profile cannot be explained entirely by the use of different rubella antigens.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Deficiency in Congenital Toxoplasmosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. e43-e45
Author(s):  
Juma Natsheh ◽  
Bassam Abu-Libdeh ◽  
Abdulsalam Abu-Libdeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities

AbstractCongenital toxoplasmosis represents the second most commonly recognized congenital infection. Ocular and neurological abnormalities are considered the most frequent sequelae. Endocrinological manifestations are rare and have received little attention. We report a 3.5-month-old female infant who presented with failure to thrive and recurrent hypoglycemic attacks, diagnosed as growth hormone deficiency due to sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis. Although endocrinological sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis are uncommon, they represent potentially treatable conditions. Here, we stress on the importance of monitoring pituitary function and growth in children in particular, with congenital toxoplasmosis, keeping in mind other possible, potentially treatable, endocrinological manifestations.

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and Their Antibodies Against Malaria: A Study in Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S116-S116
Author(s):  
Carlo Ledesma ◽  
Ma Gina Sadang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Human malaria, caused by four species of Plasmodium, namely P falciparum, P vivax, P malariae, and P ovale, remains a health problem of global concern, with one to two million deaths annually and risking about two billion people worldwide. Alternative ways of controlling the incidence of malaria through understanding the host’s immune response to monoinfection and the detection of the presence of asymptomatic malaria infection are the factors being addressed in this study. The determination of the possible existence of cross-antigenic stimulation is a matter of great significance for future research and development. The isolation of these antigenic structures may give the first step to the development of better vaccines that may protect the general population who are at risk of developing malaria. Prior to blood collection, a memorandum of agreement was signed between the researcher and the Iraya-Mangyan leaders of Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro. A Certificate Precondition was issued by the National Commission of Indigenous Peoples, which was required by the Graduate School Ethics Review Committee. Determination of the presence of malaria parasite on blood samples of residents of two barangays in Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, was performed using two methods: microscopic examination of stained blood smears for the presence of malaria parasite and polymerase chain reaction. Blood smears were prepared and eventually stained using Giemsa and Dip Quick stains. The detection of 5 positive cases of malaria infection with ring/schizont stage among the 53 cases was a clear indication of positive asymptomatic cases. Nested PCR using Plasmodium spp.–specific primer as well as P falciparum–specific and P vivax–specific primers showed the absence of bands so that one of the recommendations in this study is the performance of real-time PRC using more sensitive primers. Levels of P falciparum and P vivax–specific immunoglobulin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealing a higher level of PF-specific IgG than PV-specific IgG. Whole blood samples were saved for future determinations such as real-time PCR, immunophenotypic analysis, and possible parasitic culture. Further similar studies may also be done by increasing the number of respondents as well as the areas of concern for a more extensive scope.

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