scholarly journals New Pathway for Long-Chain n-Alkane Synthesis via 1-Alcohol in Vibrio furnissii M1

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 1426-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myong-Ok Park
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Alkane Biosynthesis ◽  
Vibrio Furnissii ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Tracer Experiments

ABSTRACT Alkane biosynthesis in the bacterium Vibrio furnissii M1 involves the synthesis of long-chain alkanes via 1-alcohol. Evidence for this novel pathway are the following. (i) Both even- and odd-carbon-number n-alkanes were produced from glucose, while only even-carbon-number fatty acids were produced in V. furnissii M1. This result cannot be explained by the decarbonylation pathway. (ii) Pentadecane and hexadecane were produced from 1-hexadecanoic acid by membrane fractions of V. furnissii M1, and radioisotope precursor-tracer experiments, in which 1-[1-14C]hexadecanoic acid was fed, identified the corresponding alcohol, aldehyde, and alkane derivatives. Since all metabolites maintained the radioisotope label at 1-C, they were produced by a pathway in which the carbon structure was retained, i.e., a reduction pathway. (iii) n-Hexadecane was produced when 1-hexadecanol was fed to membrane preparations.

scholarly journals Identification of Phenotypic Lipidomic Signatures in Response to Long Chain n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Picklo ◽  
Bastien Vallée Marcotte ◽  
Michael Bukowski ◽  
Juan de Toro‐Martín ◽  
Bret M. Rust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Positive Responder ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Long Chain

Background Supplementation with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is used to reduce total circulating triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, in about 30% of people, supplementation with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids does not result in decreased plasma TAG. Lipidomic analysis may provide insight into this inter‐individual variability. Methods Lipidomic analyses using targeted, mass spectrometry were performed on plasma samples obtained from a clinical study in which participants were supplemented with 3 g/day of long chain n‐3 in the form of fish oil capsules over a 6‐week period. TAG species and cholesteryl esters (CE) were quantified for 130 participants pre‐ and post‐supplementation. Participants were segregated into 3 potential responder phenotypes: (1) positive responder (R pos ; TAG decrease), (2) non‐responder (R non ; lacking TAG change), and (3) negative responder (R neg ; TAG increase) representing 67%, 18%, and 15% of the study participants, respectively. Separation of the 3 phenotypes was attributed to differential responses in TAG with 50 to 54 carbons with 1 to 4 desaturations. Elevated TAG with higher carbon number and desaturation were common to all phenotypes following supplementation. Using the TAG responder phenotype for grouping, decreases in total CE and specific CE occurred in the R pos phenotype versus the R neg phenotype with intermediate responses in the R non phenotype. CE 20:5, containing eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3), was elevated in all phenotypes. A classifier combining lipidomic and genomic features was built to discriminate triacylglycerol response phenotypes and reached a high predictive performance with a balanced accuracy of 75%. Conclusions These data identify lipidomic signatures, TAG and CE, associated with long chain n‐3 response p henotypes and identify a novel phenotype based upon CE changes. Registration URL: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT01343342.

scholarly journals Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 26677-26703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. S. H. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
S. C. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
River Region

Abstract. Ground-based PM2.5 samples collected in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during winter and summer (from 14 December 2006 to 28 January 2007 in winter and from 4 July 2007 to 9 August 2007 in summer) were analyzed for 30 water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, nine fatty acids, and benzoic acid. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids demonstrated that oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid (Ph) in PRD region. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids ranged from 99 to 1340 ng m−3, with an average of 438 ± 267 ng m−3 in PRD. The concentrations of total ketocarboxylic acids ranged from 0.6 to 207 ng m−3 (43 ± 48 ng m−3 on average) while the concentrations of total α-dicarbonyls, including glyoxal and methylglyoxal, ranged from 0.2 to 89 ng m−3, with an average of 11 ± 18 ng m−3 in PRD. The total quantified water-soluble organic carbon (TQWOC) accounted for 3.4 ± 2.2% of OC and 14.3 ± 10.3% of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the three most abundant fatty acids in PRD. The distributions of fatty acids are characterized by a strong even carbon number predominance with a maximum (Cmax) at hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). Ratio of C18:1 to C18:0 acts as an indicator for aerosol aging. In PRD, an average of C18:1/C18:0 ratio was 0.53 ± 0.39, suggesting an enhanced photochemical degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. Seasonal variations of the pollutant concentrations were found in the four sampling cities. Higher concentrations of TQWOC were observed in winter (544 ng m−3) than in summer (318 ng m−3). However, the abundances of TQWOC in OC mass were higher in summer (1.8–12.4%, 5.4% on average) than in winter (1.1–5.7, 2.6% on average), being consistent with enhanced secondary production of dicarboxylic acids in warmer weather. Spatial variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids were characterized by higher concentrations in Hong Kong and lower concentrations Guangzhou (GZ)/Zhaoqing (ZQ) during winter whereas highest concentrations were observed in GZ/ZQ during summer. These spatial and seasonal distributions are consistent with photochemical production and the subsequent accumulation under different meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2197-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. S. H. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
S. C. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
River Region

Abstract. Ground-based PM2.5 samples collected at four different sites in Pearl River Delta region (PRD) during winter and summer (from 14 December 2006 to 28 January 2007 in winter and from 4 July to 9 August 2007 in summer) were analyzed for 30 water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, nine fatty acids, and benzoic acid. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids demonstrated that oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid (Ph) in PRD region. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids ranged from 99 to 1340 ng m−3, with an average of 438 ± 267 ng m−3 in PRD. The concentrations of total ketocarboxylic acids ranged from 0.6 to 207 ng m−3 (43 ± 48 ng m−3 on average) while the concentrations of total α-dicarbonyls, including glyoxal and methylglyoxal, ranged from 0.2 to 89 ng m−3, with an average of 11 ± 18 ng m−3 in PRD. The total quantified water-soluble compounds (TQWOC) (organic carbon) accounted for 3.4 ± 2.2% of OC and 14.3 ± 10.3% of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the three most abundant fatty acids in PRD. The distributions of fatty acids were characterized by a strong even carbon number predominance with a maximum (Cmax) at hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). Ratio of C18:1 to C18:0 acts as an indicator for aerosol aging. In PRD, an average of C18:1/C18:0 ratio was 0.53 ± 0.39, suggesting an enhanced photochemical degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. Moreover, the concentrations of benzoic acid ranged from 84 to 306 ng m−3, (165 ± 48 ng m−3 on average), which can be emitted as primary pollutant from motor vehicles exhaust, or formed from photochemical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Seasonal variations of the organic specie concentrations were found in the four sampling cities. Higher concentrations of TQWOC were observed in winter (598 ± 321 ng m−3) than in summer (372 ± 215 ng m−3). However, the abundances of TQWOC in OC mass were higher in summer (0.9–12.4%, 4.5 ± 2.7% on average) than in winter (1.1–5.7, 2.5 ± 1.2% on average), being consistent with enhanced secondary production of dicarboxylic acids in warmer weather. Spatial variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids were characterized by higher concentrations in Hong Kong and lower concentrations in Guangzhou (GZ)/Zhaoqing (ZQ) during winter whereas the highest concentrations were observed in GZ/ZQ during summer. These spatial and seasonal distributions are consistent with photochemical production and the subsequent accumulation under different meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis of raw and roasted seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum, a medicinal plant used for the treatment of tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morufu Adisa Ademoye ◽  
Labunmi Lajide ◽  
Bodunde Joseph Owolabi ◽  
Catherine Chizoba Onubogu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Tuberculosis is a multi-systematic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations and is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. The disease is treated with the roasted cotyledonous part of Chrysophyllum albidum seeds by traditional practitioners in Ogun state, Nigeria. The phytoconstituents of the hexane fraction and the hexane extracts of the roasted seeds at 50o C, 100o C and 120o C were investigated using GC-MS analysis. The results showed the hexane fraction of the raw seeds contained 92.71 % by proportion of esters of long chain fatty acids. The hexane extract of roasted seeds (50o C) contained 68.69 % of long chain fatty acids, hexane extract of roasted seeds (100o C) contained74.54 % while the hexane extract of roasted seeds (120oC) contained 91.65 %.The traditional method of application of roasted seeds instead of raw seeds in treating tuberculosis enhances the availability of free fatty acids. The main fatty acids content at 120o C are Hexadecanoic acid and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid. Fatty acids had been reported to be toxic to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus the efficacy of the treating of tuberculosis with the roasted seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum is due to the presence of hexadecanoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid which could work together or work synergistically with other antimicrobial effectors to bring about macrophage-mediated killing of the pathogen.

Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, II: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Higher Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Matthes ◽  
Jochen Schmalfuß ◽  
Peter Böger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract In short-term -experiments [14C]-labelled malonic acid, stearic acid and acetate have been incorporated into leaf fatty acids of seedlings of Cucumis sativus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays. The pattern of labelled fatty acids changed markedly by treatment with the chloroacetamide herbicides metazachlor, metolachlor or butachlor. During a 2-h incubation time, 1 μᴍ chloroacetamide specifically inhibited up to 100% the formation of the saturated very long chain fatty acids (V LCFAs) with a carbon number of 20, 22 and 24. In cucumber and barley a 50% inhibition of VLCFA formation is achieved with 10 to 100 nM metazachlor representing the most sensitive effect of inhibitors on fatty acid elongation reported as yet. Sensitivity of fatty acid elongation depends on the amide structure present in the com pound and on its stereochemistry. Inhibition of oleic acid incorporation correlates with growth inhibition by chloroacetam ides of the intact cell (comp. Pestic. Sei. 52, 381-387, 1998). The present study extends this correlation to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis in higher plants. Obviously the primary mode of action of chloroacetam ides and related herbicidal substances is involved in the enzymic four-step fatty acid elongation system.

Preferential retention of linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerols in liver and serum during fasting

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. R233-R239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Chen ◽  
S. C. Cunnane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Triacylglycerol Species ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fasting has been reported to quantitatively increase linoleic and arachidonic acids in liver triacylglycerols, but the origin and mechanism of this change are unknown. The changes in long-chain fatty acids and triacylglycerol species of liver, serum, adipose tissue, and heart were therefore examined during a period of 24- or 48-h fasting in the rat. In liver and serum triacylglycerols, fasting resulted in a quantitative increase in arachidonic, stearic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids but a decrease in oleic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. After fasting, oleic acid was depleted the most from liver and serum triacylglycerols followed by palmitoleic and palmitic acids. Triacylglycerol species containing palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids were depleted the most from liver and serum during fasting. Linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol species were proportionally and, in some cases, quantitatively increased in liver and serum triacylglycerols during fasting. Net retention of triacylglycerol species with a total acyl carbon number of 56 or 58 in the liver and 60 in serum was also observed during fasting. Selective retention of triacylglycerol species did not occur in the heart or perirenal or epididymal adipose tissue during fasting. Tissue phospholipid fatty acids were largely unaffected by fasting. Our data suggest that during fasting, long-chain fatty acids released from adipose tissue are differentially utilized and hepatic triacylglycerol species are remodeled, permitting optimal tissue composition of essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid.

Postprandial Activation of Coagulant Factor VII by Long-chain Dietary Fatty Acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A B Sanders ◽  
G J Miller ◽  
Tamara de Grassi ◽  
Najat Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

SummaryFactor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several reports have suggested that dietary fat intake or hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with elevated levels of FVII. This study demonstrates that an intake of long-chain fatty acids sufficient to induce postprandial lipaemia in healthy subjects leads to a substantial elevation in both FVIIc and the concentration of FVII circulating in the activated form. Such an increase in FVIIc could not be induced by medium-chain triglycerides. These results suggest that the consumption of a sufficient amount of long-chain triglycerides to induce postprandial lipaemia induces the activation of FVII.

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