scholarly journals Validation of Bartonella henselae Western Immunoblotting for Serodiagnosis of Bartonelloses in Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Neupane ◽  
Sindhura Sevala ◽  
Nandhakumar Balakrishnan ◽  
Henry Marr ◽  
James Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Etiological Agents

ABSTRACT Bartonella spp. are etiological agents of life-threatening zoonotic diseases in dogs worldwide. Due to the poor sensitivity of immunofluorescent-antibody assays (IFAs), a reliable serodiagnostic test for canine bartonelloses is of clinical importance. The utility of Western blotting (WB) for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize WB immunodominant proteins that could be used to confirm a serodiagnosis of bartonelloses. Using agar-grown Bartonella henselae San Antonio type 2 (SA2) whole-cell proteins, sera derived from four dog groups were tested by WB to assess immunodominant protein recognition patterns: group I consisted of 92 serum samples (10 preexposure and 82 postexposure serum samples) from 10 adult beagles experimentally inoculated with Bartonella spp., group II consisted of 36 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-positive naturally infected dogs, group III consisted of 26 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-negative and IFA-negative dogs, and group IV consisted of serum samples from 8 Brucella canis IFA-positive and 10 Rickettsia rickettsii IFA-positive dogs. Following experimental inoculation, 9 (90%) group I dogs were variably seroreactive to one or more of six specific immunodominant proteins (13, 17, 29, 50, 56, and 150 kDa). There was a strong but variable recognition of these proteins among 81% of group II dogs. In contrast, 24/26 group III dogs were not reactive to any immunodominant protein. In this study, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of B. henselae SA2 WB were higher than those of B. henselae SA2 IFA testing. Some B. henselae SA2 immunodominant proteins were recognized by dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Bartonella spp. other than B. henselae. Additional research is necessary to more fully define the utility of WB for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses.

Effect of different temperature humidity indices onantioxidant parameters in Surti buffaloes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya S. Chaudhary ◽  
Arjun B. Odedara ◽  
Virendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj A. Patel ◽  
Gopal Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group Ii

The present study was conducted on 20 Surti buffalo heifers of 16 to 21 months age maintained under standard feeding and management practices. They were categorized based on their exposure to natural environment as Group I (Hot dry season: THI1), Group II- (Hot humid season: THI2) and Group III as Control group (Comfortable season: THI3). Whole blood and serum samples were collected from all the groups and analyzed for antioxidant parameters, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant status (TAS). The temperature humidity index (THI) calculated for Group I, Group II and Group III were 81.70 (THI1), 80.30 (THI2) and 70.00 (THI3). For Group I, Group II and Group III, concentration of SOD (U) was 5.29±0.06, 4.65±0.04 and 2.94±0.09; GPx (U/ml) was 43.63±0.71, 36.40±0.56 and 25.84±1.00; catalase (µmoles/min/ml) was 1,609.17±45.93, 1,322.00±18.65 and 1,106.35±45.07; LPO (nM of MDA/ml of packed cells) was 6.00±0.13, 3.45±0.09 and 2.87±0.14 and TAS (mmol/l) was 5.18±0.11, 2.90±0.09 and 2.37±0.13, respectively. Significantly (P is less than 0.01) higher levels of SOD, GPx, catalase, TAS and LPO were observed in hot dry season (THI1) as compared to hot humid (THI2) and comfortable (THI3) seasons. Increased levels of SOD, GPx, catalase, TAS and LPO indicated that hot dry season is more stressful for animals as compared to hot humid season in Surti buffaloes as they are inhabitants of hot humid region

Effect of initially limited resuscitation in a combined model of fluid-percussion brain injury and severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Stern ◽  
Brian J. Zink ◽  
Michelle Mertz ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Steven C. Dronen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Goal Map ◽  
Uncontrolled Hemorrhage ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Studies of isolated uncontrolled hemorrhage have indicated that initial limited resuscitation improves survival. Limited resuscitation has not been studied in combined traumatic brain injury and uncontrolled hemorrhage. In this study the authors evaluated the effects of limited resuscitation on outcome in combined fluid-percussion injury (FPI) and uncontrolled hemorrhage.Methods. Twenty-four swine weighing 17 to 24 kg each underwent FPI (3 atm) and hemorrhage to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30 mm Hg in the presence of a 4-mm aortic tear. Group I (nine animals) was initially resuscitated to a goal MAP of 60 mm Hg; Group II (nine animals) was resuscitated to a goal MAP of 80 mm Hg; and Group III (control; six animals) was not resuscitated. After 60 minutes, the aortic hemorrhage was controlled and the animals were resuscitated to baseline physiological parameters and observed for 150 minutes.Mortality rates were 11%, 50%, and 100% for Groups I, II, and III, respectively (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.002). The total hemorrhage volume was greater in Group II (69 ± 32 ml/kg), as compared with Group I (41 ± 18 ml/kg) and Group III (37 ± 3 ml/kg) according to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). In surviving animals, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral venous O2 saturation (ScvO2), and cerebral metabolic rate of O2 did not differ among groups. Although CBF was approximately 50% of baseline during the period of limited resuscitation in Group I, ScvO2 remained greater than 60%, and arteriovenous O2 differences remained within normal limits.Conclusions. In this model of FPI and uncontrolled hemorrhage, early aggressive resuscitation, which is currently recommended, resulted in increased hemorrhage and failure to optimize cerebrovascular parameters. In addition, a 60-minute period of moderate hypotension (MAP = 60 mm Hg) was well tolerated and did not compromise cerebrovascular hemodynamics, as evidenced by physiological parameters that remained within the limits of cerebral autoregulation.

scholarly journals Giardia intestinalis Incorporates Heme into Cytosolic Cytochromeb5

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pyrih ◽  
Karel Harant ◽  
Eva Martincová ◽  
Robert Sutak ◽  
Emmanuel Lesuisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox System ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Oxygen ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTThe anaerobic intestinal pathogenGiardia intestinalisdoes not possess enzymes for heme synthesis, and it also lacks the typical set of hemoproteins that are involved in mitochondrial respiration and cellular oxygen stress management. Nevertheless,G. intestinalismay require heme for the function of particular hemoproteins, such as cytochromeb5(cytb5). We have analyzed the sequences of eukaryotic cytb5proteins and identified three distinct cytb5groups: group I, which consists of C-tail membrane-anchored cytb5proteins; group II, which includes soluble cytb5proteins; and group III, which comprises the fungal cytb5proteins. The majority of eukaryotes possess both group I and II cytb5proteins, whereas threeGiardiaparalogs belong to group II. We have identified a fourthGiardiacytb5paralog (gCYTb5-IV) that is rather divergent and possesses an unusual 134-residue N-terminal extension. RecombinantGiardiacytb5proteins, including gCYTb5-IV, were expressed inEscherichia coliand exhibited characteristic UV-visible spectra that corresponded to heme-loaded cytb5proteins. The expression of the recombinant gCYTb5-IV inG. intestinalisresulted in the increased import of extracellular heme and its incorporation into the protein, whereas this effect was not observed when gCYTb5-IV containing a mutated heme-binding site was expressed. The electrons forGiardiacytb5proteins may be provided by the NADPH-dependent Tah18-like oxidoreductase GiOR-1. Therefore, GiOR-1 and cytb5may constitute a novel redox system inG. intestinalis. To our knowledge,G. intestinalisis the first anaerobic eukaryote in which the presence of heme has been directly demonstrated.

High positive frequency of antibodies to metallothionein and heat shock protein 70 in sera of patients with metal allergy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Metal Allergy ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Positive Frequency

Two principal types of stress protein, heat shock proteins (hsps) and metallothionein (MT), are inducedin cells responding to a variety of stresses. They play an important role in protecting cells from thesestresses. However, many reports indicate that antibodies to hsps are present in human serum and areassociated with several autoimmunity diseases. Metals, which are commonly allergenic to humans,induce both MT and hsp70 (one of the hsps family). Until now, there has been no report of any antibodyto MT in human serum. In the present study, serum samples from healthy controls (Group I), andpatients suffering from atopic dermatitis without (Group II) or with (Group III) metal allergy, weremeasured for antibodies to MT and hsp70, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Metal allergy was confirmed by patch testing. We first found that antibody to MT exists in human serum.We also found a high positive frequency of antibody to MT (51·3%) and to hsp70 (43·6%) in the seraof Group III, compared to those of Group I (3·8% and 5·1%) or Group II (6·4% and 5·1%). Furthermore,there was a strong positive correlation between antibody to MT and antibody to hsp70 in GroupIII (P = 0·0013), but not in Group I and Group II. Our results indicate that antibody to MT exists inhuman serum, as do antibodies to hsps, and suggest

Role of estrogen deficiency in the formation and progression of cerebral aneurysms. Part I: experimental study of the effect of oophorectomy in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Jamous ◽  
Shinji Nagahiro ◽  
Keiko T. Kitazato ◽  
Junichiro Satomi ◽  
Koichi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Gelatinase Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Estrogen has been shown to play a central role in vascular biology. Although it may exert beneficial vascular effects, its role in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms remains to be determined. To elucidate the role of hormones further, the authors examined the effects of bilateral oophorectomy on the formation and progression of cerebral aneurysms in rats. Methods. Forty-five female, 7-week-old Sprague—Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I consisted of intact rats (controls). To induce cerebral aneurysms, the animals in Groups II and III were subjected to ligation of the right common carotid and bilateral posterior renal arteries. One month later, the rats in Group II underwent bilateral oophorectomy. Three months after the experiment began all animals were killed and cerebral vascular corrosion casts were prepared and screened for cerebral aneurysms by using a scanning electron microscope. Plasma was used to determine the level of estradiol and the gelatinase activity. Hypertension developed in all rats except those in the control group. The estradiol level was significantly lower in Group II than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The incidence of cerebral aneurysm formation in Group II (60%) was three times higher than that in Group III (20%), and the mean size of aneurysms in Group II (76 ± 27 µm, mean ± standard deviation) was larger than that in Group III (28 ± 4.6 µm) (p < 0.05). No aneurysm developed in control animals (Group I), and there was no significant difference in plasma gelatinase activity among the three groups. Conclusions. The cerebral aneurysm model was highly reproducible in rats. Bilateral oophorectomy increased the susceptibility of rats to aneurysm formation, indicating that hormones play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to P35 Antigen of Toxoplasma gondii for Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Infection in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3967-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Raymund Ramirez ◽  
Cindy Press ◽  
Shuli Li ◽  
Stephen Parmley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Group Ii

We examined the efficiency of detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to a 35-kDa antigen (P35) of Toxoplasma gondiifor serodiagnosis of acute infection in pregnant women. A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant P35 antigen (P35-IgM-ELISA) was used for this purpose. On the basis of the clinical history and the combination of results from the toxoplasma serological profile (Sabin-Feldman dye test, conventional IgM and IgA ELISAs, and the differential agglutination test), the patients were classified into three groups: group I, status suggestive of recently acquired infection; group II, status suggestive of infection acquired in the distant past; group III, status suggestive of persisting IgM antibodies. Eighteen (90.0%) of 20 serum samples from group I patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas none of the 33 serum samples from group II patients were positive. Only 4 (25.0%) of 16 serum samples from group III patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas all these serum samples were positive by the conventional IgM ELISA. These results indicate that demonstration of IgM antibodies against P35 by the P35-IgM-ELISA is more specific for the acute stage of the infection than demonstration of IgM antibodies by the ELISA that uses a whole-lysate antigen preparation. Studies with sera obtained from four pregnant women who seroconverted (IgG and IgM antibodies) during pregnancy revealed that two of them became negative by the P35-IgM-ELISA between 4 and 6 months after seroconversion, whereas the conventional IgM ELISA titers remained highly positive. The P35-IgM-ELISA appears to be useful for differentiating recently acquired infection from those acquired in the distant past in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
M A Kashem ◽  
M A Hashem ◽  
M H B Kabir ◽  
M I Uddin ◽  
B Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Study

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1(VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different  groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination  Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and  <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11823 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91

Microsurgical anatomy of the tentorial sinuses

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Matsushima ◽  
Satoshi O. Suzuki ◽  
Masashi Fukui ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton ◽  
Evandro de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bridging Veins ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tentorial Sinus

✓ Variations of the tentorial sinus of cadaver cerebellar tentoria were examined under a surgical microscope. The tentorial sinuses were classified into four groups: Group I, in which the sinus receives venous blood from the cerebral hemisphere; Group II, in which the sinus drains the cerebellum; Group III, in which the sinus originates in the tentorium itself; and Group IV, in which the sinus originates from a vein bridging to the tentorial free edge. The tentorial sinuses of Groups I and II were frequently located in the posterior portion of the tentorium. The sinuses of Group I were short and most frequently present in the lateral portion of the tentorium. The tentorial sinuses of Group II, which were usually large and drained into the dural sinuses near the torcular, were separated into five subtypes according to the draining veins and direction of termination. The tentorial sinuses of Groups III and IV were located near the tentorial free edge or the straight sinus. The draining patterns of the tentorial sinuses and their draining veins (so-called “bridging veins”) were present in most cases. Knowledge of this anatomy can benefit the neurosurgeon carrying out repair near or on the cerebellar tentorium.

scholarly journals Heterologous antigen extract in ELISA for the detection of human IgE anti-Strongyloides stercoralis

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Maria Costa-Cruz ◽  
Joaquina Madalena ◽  
Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mônica Camargo Sopelete ◽  
Dulcinéa Maria Barbosa Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Heterologous Antigen ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Strongyloides ratti larval extract was used for the standardization of ELISA to detect genus-specific IgE in human strongyloidiasis. Forty serum samples from monoinfected patients shedding S. stercoralis larvae (Group I), 40 from patients with other intestinal parasites (Group II), and 40 from copronegative healthy subjects (Group III) were analyzed. Genus-specific IgE levels (ELISA Index: EI) were significantly higher in the group I (EI = 1.43) than groups II (EI = 0.70) and III (EI = 0.71), showing positivity rates of 55%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Similarly, sera from copropositive patients had significantly higher levels of total IgE (866 IU/mL) as compared to those from group II (302 IU/mL) and III (143 IU/mL). A significant positive correlation was found between levels of Strongyloides specific-IgE and total IgE in sera from patients with strongyloidiasis. In conclusion, S. ratti heterologous extract showed to be a useful tool for detecting genus-specific IgE by ELISA, contributing for a better characterization of the immune response profile in human strongyloidiasis.

Diagnosis and management of pediatric brain-stem gliomas

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann R. Stroink ◽  
Harold J. Hoffman ◽  
E. Bruce Hendrick ◽  
Robin P. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Brain

✓ The authors reviewed the cases of 49 children, ranging in age from 9 months to 15 years, who were diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) as having brain-stem glioma. Four distinct groups of brain-stem gliomas were identified based on CT scan characteristics: Group I included isodense contrast-enhancing tumors that were dorsally exophytic into the fourth ventricle; Group II(a) included hypodense nonenhancing intrinsic tumors of the brain stem; Group II(b) included intrinsic tumors of the brain stem with hyperdense exophytic components extending ventrally and laterally into the cerebellopontine and prepontine cisterns; Group III included intrinsic cystic tumors with contrast-enhancing capsules; and Group IV included focally intrinsic tumors of the brain stem that were isodense and enhanced brightly on administration of contrast medium. The clinical presentation, efficacy of surgical intervention, pathology, and prognosis of these tumors were correlated within these groupings. Eleven patients had Group I tumors, all of which were surgically resected; 10 of the 11 lesions were proven to be low-grade gliomas. These patients had an excellent prognosis; 10 of the 11 survived, with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years. There were 18 patients with Group II(a) tumors; although tumor biopsy was attempted on eight of these, pathological diagnosis at the time of surgery was made in only one case. These patients did poorly; the mean survival time was 6.2 months. The seven Group II(b) tumor patients demonstrated a similarly poor prognosis: all of them died within 23 months of diagnosis, with a mean survival time of 12 months. Only two of six patients undergoing biopsy had sufficient tissue for histological verification. Three of the four patients with Group III tumors died; their mean survival time was 11.5 months. Successful histological examination was carried out in all four cases. The nine Group IV tumor patients did reasonably well; seven of these patients remain alive, with a mean follow-up period of 2.3 years. Histological diagnosis was obtained in three of the seven patients who were explored in this group. This classification system has proven to be of value in determining prognosis and efficacy of surgical intervention.

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