scholarly journals High Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Prevalence among Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Controls in an Urban Emergency Department

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kumar ◽  
Michael Z. David ◽  
Susan Boyle-Vavra ◽  
Julia Sieth ◽  
Robert S. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
High Prevalence

Staphylococcus aureusis a commensal species that can also be a formidable pathogen. In the United States, an epidemic of community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infections has been occurring for the last 15 years. In the context of a study in which we identified patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and randomized them to receive one of two antimicrobial treatment regimens, we assessedS. aureuscolonization in the nares, throat, and perianal skin on the day of enrollment and 40 days after therapy. We compared the prevalence of colonization between the SSTI patients and an uninfected control population. A total of 144 subjects and 130 controls, predominantly African American, participated in this study, and 116 returned for a 40-day follow-up visit. Of the SSTI patients, 76% were colonized withS. aureusat enrollment, as were 65% of the controls. Patients were more likely than the controls to be colonized with USA300 MRSA (62/144 [43.1%] versus 11/130 [8.5%], respectively;P< 0.001). The nares were not the most common site of colonization. The colonization prevalence diminished somewhat after antibiotic treatment but remained high. The isolates that colonized the controls were more likely than those in the patients to be methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) (74/84 [88.1%] versus 56/106 [52.8%], respectively;P< 0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence ofS. aureuscolonization among SSTI patients was high and often involved USA300 MRSA. The prevalence diminished somewhat with antimicrobial therapy but remained high at the 40-day follow-up visit. Control subjects were also colonized at a high prevalence but most often with a genetic background not associated with a clinical infection in this study.S. aureusis a commensal species and a pathogen. Plans for decolonization or eradication should take this distinction into account.

scholarly journals Role of Antibodies in Protection Elicited by Active Vaccination with Genetically Inactivated Alpha Hemolysin in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Mocca ◽  
Rebecca A. Brady ◽  
Drusilla L. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Active Vaccination

ABSTRACTDue to the emergence of highly virulent community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) infections,S. aureushas become a major threat to public health. A majority of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in the United States are caused byS. aureusUSA300 strains that are known to produce high levels of alpha hemolysin (Hla). Therefore, vaccines that contain inactivated forms of this toxin are currently being developed. In this study, we sought to determine the immune mechanisms of protection for this antigen using a vaccine composed of a genetically inactivated form of Hla (HlaH35L). Using a murine model of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), we found that BALB/c mice were protected by vaccination with HlaH35L; however, Jh mice, which are deficient in mature B lymphocytes and lack IgM and IgG in their serum, were not protected. Passive immunization with anti-HlaH35L antibodies conferred protection against bacterial colonization. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the total antibody concentration induced by active vaccination and reduced bacterial levels. Animals that developed detectable neutralizing antibody titers after active vaccination were significantly protected from infection. These data demonstrate that antibodies to Hla represent the major mechanism of protection afforded by active vaccination with inactivated Hla in this murine model of SSTI, and in this disease model, antibody levels correlate with protection. These results provide important information for the future development and evaluation ofS. aureusvaccines.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Positive Blood Cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itidal Reslane ◽  
Margaret Sladek ◽  
Paul D. Fey ◽  
Baha Abdalhamid
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections as well as bloodstream infections worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 18 deidentified S. aureus clinical strains collected from positive blood cultures.

scholarly journals Molecular Types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Strains Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Nasal Colonization, Identified in Community Health Centers in New York City

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pardos de la Gandara ◽  
Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay ◽  
Michael Mwangi ◽  
Jonathan N. Tobin ◽  
Amanda Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
New York City ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
York City ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clonal Type

In November 2011, The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Directors Network (CDN) launched a research and learning collaborative project with six community health centers in the New York City metropolitan area to determine the nature (clonal type) of community-acquiredStaphylococcus aureusstrains causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Between November 2011 and March 2013, wound and nasal samples from 129 patients with active SSTIs suspicious forS. aureuswere collected and characterized by molecular typing techniques. In 63 of 129 patients, the skin wounds were infected byS. aureus: methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) was recovered from 39 wounds and methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) was recovered from 24. Most—46 of the 63–wound isolates belonged to the CC8/Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive (PVL+) group ofS. aureusclone USA300: 34 of these strains were MRSA and 12 were MSSA. Of the 63 patients withS. aureusinfections, 30 were also colonized byS. aureusin the nares: 16 of the colonizing isolates were MRSA, and 14 were MSSA, and the majority of the colonizing isolates belonged to the USA300 clonal group. In most cases (70%), the colonizing isolate belonged to the same clonal type as the strain involved with the infection. In three of the patients, the identity of invasive and colonizing MRSA isolates was further documented by whole-genome sequencing.

scholarly journals Prospective Randomized Trial of Empiric Therapy with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Doxycycline for Outpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in an Area of High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2628-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jo Cenizal ◽  
Daniel Skiest ◽  
Samuel Luber ◽  
Roger Bedimo ◽  
Pat Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

ABSTRACT To evaluate empirical therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or doxycycline for outpatient skin and soft tissue infections in an area of high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a randomized, prospective, open-label investigation was performed. The overall clinical failure rate was 9%, with all failures occurring in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group. However, there was no significant difference between the clinical failure rate of empirical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy and that of doxycycline therapy.

scholarly journals Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by Macrophages

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Duchesne ◽  
Nadira Frescaline ◽  
Océane Blaise ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lataillade ◽  
Sébastien Banzet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment failures are increasingly common due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Mupirocin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Causing Recurrent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2431-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chase McNeil ◽  
Kristina G. Hulten ◽  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plasmid Gene ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusresistance to mupirocin is often caused by acquisition of a novel isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase encoded on the plasmid genemupA. We testedS. aureusisolates from children at Texas Children's Hospital with recurrent skin and soft tissue infections for mupirocin resistance andmupA. Of 136 isolates, 20 were resistant to mupirocin (14.7%). Fifteen isolates (11%) carriedmupA, and the gene was more common in methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(21.4%) than methicillin-resistantS. aureus(8.3%;P= 0.03). Seven of 20 mupirocin-resistant isolates displayed clindamycin resistance.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Orozco ◽  
Jessica Lange Osterman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Species ◽  
Diagnostic Use ◽  
Follow Up Care

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a common presenting complaint to acute care centers. SSTIs include folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, and abscess. These infections are caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus species. This chapter reviews nonpurulent and purulent SSTIs in pediatric patients; the bacterial etiology of these infections; clinical presentation and complications; antibiotic choice for treatment; and disposition of the patient, including when to obtain laboratory studies and decision to hospitalize. In addition, this chapter describes the diagnostic use of ultrasound for abscesses, pain management for incision and drainage of purulent infections, and follow-up care.

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