scholarly journals Comparison of RapID Yeast Plus System with API 20C System for Identification of Common, New, and Emerging Yeast Pathogens

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
L. Stockman ◽  
G. Roberts ◽  
D. Pincus ◽  
J. Pollack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
System A ◽  
Hansenula Wingei ◽  
Blastoschizomyces Capitatus ◽  
Trichosporon Beigelii

The ability to identify yeast isolates by the new enzymatic RapID Yeast Plus System was compared to the ability to identify yeast isolates by the API 20C system. A total of 447 yeast isolates representing Blastoschizomyces capitatus, 17Candida spp., 5 Cryptococcus spp.,Geotrichum spp., 2 Hanseniaspora spp.,Hansenula anomala, Hansenula wingei, 3Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Trichosporon beigelii, and 2 Prototheca spp. were evaluated. Also, five quality control strains (Candida spp. andCryptococcus laurentii) with well-documented reactivities by the RapID Yeast Plus System were used. Each isolate was evaluated by both methods with a 48-h culture grown at 30°C on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Emmons modification) by following the recommendations of the manufacturers. The RapID Yeast Plus System enzymatic reactions were read after 4 h of incubation, and the API 20C carbohydrate assimilation identification profiles were obtained after 72 h of incubation. There was good (95.7%) agreement between the identifications obtained by the two methods with the eight commonCandida spp. and with Cryptococcus neoformans. The agreement was lower when the emerging Candida spp. and other yeast-like pathogens were tested (79.1 and 75.2%, respectively). These preliminary data suggest the potential utility of the RapID Yeast Plus System for use in the clinical laboratory for the rapid identification of common yeast pathogens as well as certain new and emerging species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Uni-Yeast-Tek kit for the identification of medically important yeasts

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
P I Bowman ◽  
D G Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
System A ◽  
Presumptive Identification

The Uni-Yeast-Tek system, a commercially prepared kit and scheme for the rapid identification of medically important yeasts (Corning Medical), was evaluated in comparison with a conventional procedure in the identification of 623 yeasts. The system permitted the presumptive identification of 99.8% of 436 isolates representing 16 common species commonly isolated in the clinical laboratory. Correct biochemical and morphological analyses were obtained with 48 other species, but their specific identification required additional data.

scholarly journals Multicenter Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Reference Method for Testing Clinical Isolates of Common and Emerging Candidaspp., Cryptococcus spp., and Other Yeasts and Yeast-Like Organisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
M. Pfaller ◽  
S. A. Messer ◽  
C. C. Knapp ◽  
S. Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Blastoschizomyces Capitatus

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standard guidelines are available for the antifungal susceptibility testing of common Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans, but NCCLS methods may not be the most efficient and convenient procedures for use in the clinical laboratory. MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were determined by the commercially prepared Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel and by the NCCLS M27-A broth microdilution method for 1,176 clinical isolates of yeasts and yeast-like organisms, including Blastoschizomyces capitatus, Cryptococcus spp., 14 common and emerging species of Candida, Hansenula anomala,Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, and Trichosporon beigelii. Colorimetric MICs of amphotericin B corresponded to the first blue well (no growth), and MICs of the other agents corresponded to the first purple or blue well. Three comparisons of MIC pairs by the two methods were evaluated to obtain percentages of agreement: 24- and 48-h MICs and 24-h colorimetric versus 48-h reference MICs. The best performance of the YeastOne panel was with 24-h MICs (92 to 100%) with the azoles and flucytosine for all the species tested, with the exception of C. albicans (87 to 90%). For amphotericin B, the best agreement between the methods was with 48-h MIC pairs (92 to 99%) for most of the species tested. The exception was for isolates ofC. neoformans (76%). These data suggest the potential value of the YeastOne panel for use in the clinical laboratory.

Evaluation of methods for the rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a routine clinical laboratory

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
H M Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Initial Trial ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods ◽  
Produce Acid

Of 78 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 21 failed to grow and produce acid in unsupplemented cystine-Trypticase agar (CTA); whereas positive reactions were obtained by using serum-supplemented CTA and fluorescent antibody (FA). An additional 290 strains of Neisseria were evaluated by FA and by a rapid carbohydrate degradation technique (RF). There was agreement between the two methods 92% of the time on the initial trial and 99% of the time with repeats on discrepancies. The RF and FA tests provided rapid and reliable identification of N. gonorrhoeae, alleviating the problems of CTA due to lack of growth and need for overnight incubation.

scholarly journals New and emerging yeast pathogens.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
K C Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Central Venous Catheter Removal ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rhodotorula Species ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Trichosporon Beigelii

The most common yeast species that act as agents of human disease are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The incidence of infections by other yeasts has increased during the past decade. The most evident emerging pathogens are Malassezia furfur, Trichosporon beigelii, Rhodotorula species, Hansenula anomala, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida krusei. Organisms once considered environmental contaminants or only industrially important, such as Candida utilis and Candida lipolytica, have now been implicated as agents of fungemia, onychomycosis, and systemic disease. The unusual yeasts primarily infect immunocompromised patients, newborns, and the elderly. The role of central venous catheter removal and antifungal therapy in patient management is controversial. The antibiograms of the unusual yeasts range from resistant to the most recent azoles and amphotericin B to highly susceptible to all antifungal agents. Current routine methods for yeast identification may be insufficient to identify the unusual yeasts within 2 days after isolation. The recognition of unusual yeasts as agents of sometimes life-threatening infection and their unpredictable antifungal susceptibilities increase the burden on the clinical mycology laboratory to pursue complete species identification and MIC determinations. Given the current and evolving medical practices for management of seriously ill patients, further evaluations of the clinically important data about these yeasts are needed.

scholarly journals Determining the Potential of Graduate Analytics Based on the iCGPA System: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Wan Nor Afiqah Wan Othman ◽  
Aziman Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
System A

This study was conducted to address the issue of gathering information to track the career and accomplishments of graduates for quality improvement in higher education. Due to the lack of a convenient method to gather information using an efficient mechanism, this study reviewed graduate analytics based on the iCGPA system with the primary aim of examining its potential utility in such a system, and vice versa. A systematic literature review was conducted to integrate the relevant academic literature related to graduate analytics and iCGPA system. Using the PRISMA method, we identified 160 different articles, but only 125 met the specified inclusion criteria. Our analysis of the accepted articles to determine the potential of graduate analytics in iCGPA system, and vice versa, produced zero results where no intersection of the two topics could be found in the research literature from 2011 to 2018. Our findings indicate an acute lack of research in these two areas. However, we believe this gap can be minimized since there are already higher education institutions in Malaysia that are currently implementing the iCGPA system. The implementation could inform us regarding how graduate analytics can be used to expand the value of iCGPA for improving the quality of Malaysian higher education graduates. Keywords: Graduate analytics, iCGPA system, systematic literature review, graduate tracer studies, PRISMA method

Rapid identification of and assessment of damage by inhaled volatile substances in the clinical laboratory

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Griffiths ◽  
M. Lipsky ◽  
A. Rosner ◽  
H.F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Volatile Substances

scholarly journals A new multiplex PCR-based reverse line-blot hybridization (mPCR/RLB) assay for rapid staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cai ◽  
Fanrong Kong ◽  
Qinning Wang ◽  
Huiping Wang ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Reverse Line Blot ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Hybridization Assay ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Mrsa Strains

The aim of this study was to develop a new discriminatory method for MRSA SCCmec typing based on multiplex PCR-based reverse line-blot hybridization (mPCR/RLB) assay to enable rapid identification and classification of MRSA SCCmec types in a clinical laboratory. Forty-five primer sets and 49 probes were designed and tested in uniplex PCR (uPCR) and mPCR/RLB. Probes were compared in silico to 14 whole-genome sequences and 18 partial SCCmec gene sequences of Staphylococcus aureus and complete genome and partial SCCmec genes of seven non-MRSA strains, including meticillin-susceptible S. aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The method was tested on a set of 42 well-characterized reference MRSA strains. It identified all five epidemiologically relevant SCCmec types and 26 subtypes, including established and new subtypes of SCCmec III, IV (eight subtypes each) and V (three subtypes). The discriminatory power of mPCR/RLB SCCmec typing was similar to that of MLST and spa typing (Simpson indices of diversity of 0.916, 0.926 and 0.882, respectively; differences not statistically significant). The application of mPCR/RLB hybridization assay to MRSA SCCmec typing can improve the specificity, discriminatory power and throughput of the typing procedure. The detection of up to 43 mPCR products in a single hybridization assay transforms MRSA SCCmec typing from passive epidemiological library typing into a potential tool for near-real-time infection control surveillance and tracking of MRSA transmission in hospitals.

scholarly journals 2559. Incidence and Clinical Impact of Discordant Genotypic and Phenotypic Categorization of Methicillin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
Jessica Gulliver ◽  
Brittney Jung-Hynes ◽  
Derrick Chen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Initial Hospitalization

Abstract Background Methicillin-susceptible/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) can be directly identified from positive blood culture bottles using molecular methods. This provides faster results than traditional phenotypic testing, but discrepancies between the two are occasionally found. We sought to determine the incidence and clinical impact of such discrepancies. Methods Positive blood culture bottles are routinely tested in the hospital clinical laboratory for mecA via Xpert MRSA/SA BC (PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) via MicroScan PC33 is performed on recovered S. aureus isolates; discrepancies between PCR and AST are resolved by repeat and supplemental (Kirby-Bauer) testing. A retrospective review of medical and laboratory data from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed on all patients that had discordant PCR and AST results. Results Approximately 1,200 PCR assays were performed from January 2015 to December 2017, and there were 5 (0.4%) cases with discordant AST Results. Four cases were classified as MSSA by PCR but MRSA by AST, and 1 case was classified as MRSA by PCR but MSSA by AST. For the former group, antimicrobial therapy was changed in 2 patients to cover MRSA and 1 patient was readmitted, while the remaining 2 patients were already being treated for MRSA; for the latter case, this patient was treated for MRSA during the initial hospitalization, but was readmitted with disseminated MSSA and subsequently deceased. Based on genetic targets identified by PCR and cefoxitin and oxacillin AST, discrepancies were likely due to borderline oxacillin resistance (BORSA) (n = 1), presence of an SCCmec variant not detected by PCR (n = 1), or undetermined (n = 3). Conclusion Rapid identification of MRSA bacteremia via PCR provides actionable information to direct empiric treatment. While highly accurate, PCR results are infrequently not corroborated by AST. This rare possibility should be considered when modifying therapy based on initial PCR results, and there should be close communication between the clinical team and laboratory for these challenging cases. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

A Test for Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatase: Use in Rapid Identification of Serratia Organisms

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1248-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L Wolf ◽  
Elisabeth Von der Muehll ◽  
Karen Praisler
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

Abstract This investigation concerns identification of alkaline phosphatase production by bacterial organisms, as detected by a blue color resulting from conversion of indolyl phosphate to indigo. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus produced alkaline phosphatase; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus did not. Serratia did not produce alkaline phosphatase; those Enterobacteriaceae we tested did. Thus, this test rapidly differentiates these organisms, diminishing the time for identification of Serratia in the clinical laboratory by 48 h. Identification of Serratia should not be ignored, because it is a life-threatening complication for certain hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Duplicate Type and Screen Testing: Waste in the Clinical Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Compton ◽  
Penny C. Szklarski ◽  
Garrett S. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Cost ◽  
System A ◽  
Medicine Service ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Testing

Context.— In the United States, approximately $65 billion dollars is spent per year on clinical laboratory testing, of which 20% to 30% of all testing is deemed inappropriate. There have been multiple studies in the field of transfusion medicine regarding evidence-based transfusion practices, but limited data exist regarding inappropriate pretransfusion testing and its financial and clinical implications. Objective.— To assess duplicative testing practices in the transfusion medicine service. Design.— A 24-month retrospective review was performed at a 1025-bed tertiary care center, identifying all duplicate type and screen (TS) tests performed within 72 hours of the previous TS. Duplicative testing was classified as appropriate or inappropriate by predetermined criteria. The level of underordering was analyzed through a query of the electronic event reporting system. A cost analysis was performed to determine the financial impact of inappropriate duplicative TS. Results.— The mean rate of inappropriate, duplicative TS orders was 4.13% (standard deviation ± 4.09%). Rates of inappropriate ordering ranged from 0.01% to 15.5% depending on the clinical service and did not correlate with volume of tests ordered. There were 8 reported cases of delayed blood delivery due to lack of a valid TS during the study period, demonstrating that underordering is also a harmful practice. The laboratory cost of inappropriate testing for the study period was $80,434, and phlebotomy costs were $45,469. Conclusions.— Our study demonstrates that inappropriate TS ordering is costly, both financially and clinically. By evaluating the percentage of inappropriate TS tests by clinical services, we have identified services that may benefit from additional education and technologic intervention.

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