scholarly journals Multicenter Evaluation of Epidemiological Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Repetitive-Element PCR Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3527-3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Deplano ◽  
Annette Schuermans ◽  
Johan Van Eldere ◽  
Wolfgang Witte ◽  
Hèléne Meugnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Typing ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Interlaboratory Reproducibility

Rapid and efficient epidemiologic typing systems would be useful to monitor transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at both local and interregional levels. To evaluate the intralaboratory performance and interlaboratory reproducibility of three recently developed repeat-element PCR (rep-PCR) methods for the typing of MRSA, 50 MRSA strains characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (SmaI) analysis and epidemiological data were blindly typed by inter-IS256, 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and MP3 PCR in 12 laboratories in eight countries using standard reagents and protocols. Performance of typing was defined by reproducibility (R), discriminatory power (D), and agreement with PFGE analysis. Interlaboratory reproducibility of pattern and type classification was assessed visually and using gel analysis software. Each typing method showed a different performance level in each center. In the center performing best with each method, inter-IS256 PCR typing achieved R = 100% and D = 100%; 16S-23S rDNA PCR, R = 100% and D = 82%; and MP3 PCR, R = 80% and D = 83%. Concordance between rep-PCR type and PFGE type ranged by center: 70 to 90% for inter-IS256PCR, 44 to 57% for 16S-23S rDNA PCR, and 53 to 54% for MP3 PCR analysis. In conclusion, the performance of inter-IS256 PCR typing was similar to that of PFGE analysis in some but not all centers, whereas other rep-PCR protocols showed lower discrimination and intralaboratory reproducibility. None of these assays, however, was sufficiently reproducible for interlaboratory exchange of data.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in 11 Asian Countries: a Proposal for a New Nomenclature for SCCmec Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piriyaporn Chongtrakool ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Yoko Kondo ◽  
Suwanna Trakulsomboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT A description of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements carried by 615 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in 11 Asian countries is reported, and a novel nomenclatural system based on their structures is proposed. The 615 strains were classified as type 3A (370 strains), type 2A (207 strains), type 2B (32 strains), type 1B (1 strain), and nontypeable (5 strains). The previously reported type III SCCmec (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. AB037671) carried by the MRSA strain 85/2082 was ascertained to be composed of two SCC elements, type 3A SCCmec and SCCmercury. PCR analysis indicated that 310 of 370 type 3A SCCmec strains carried both SCC elements. These strains were prevalent in eight countries: Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, India, and Singapore. The remaining 60 type 3A SCCmec strains differed with respect to the left extremity polymorphism or to the presence of ccrC. Among these, two were identified as carrying only type 3A SCCmec elements, but their left extremities differed. Type 2A SCCmec strains predominated in Korea and Japan, although the frequency of the presence of ant(4′)-1 gene downstream of mecA varied (53% for Korean strains; 93% for Japanese strains). Various SCCmec elements were identified in the tested strains, and limited numbers were identified by their multilocus sequence typing genotypes. These data suggest that numerous MRSA clones are disseminated in Asian hospitals, and these consist of minor clones that are presumed to have arisen locally and major clones that are presumed to have been introduced from other countries.

scholarly journals Infections Caused By Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus European Clone (ST80) In Slovenia Between 2006 And 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Dermota ◽  
Tomaž Jurca ◽  
Tatjana Harlander ◽  
Marta Košir ◽  
Urška Zajc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Type D ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

Abstract Introduction According to the existing literature, a heterogeneous sequence type (ST) or clones of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) circulate in Europe. In Europe, the European clone that belongs to sequence type ST80 is predominant. Methods The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and epidemiological data of CA-MRSA ST80 and its occurrence in Slovenia. We retrospectively analyzed those CA-MRSA isolates that were isolated during microbiological procedures in microbiological laboratories between 2006 and 2013. Only CA-MRSA isolates from the national collection of CA-MRSA strains that belonged to ST80 (European clone) were analyzed. We determined the Pantone-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), mec A genes, exfoliative toxin genes and type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We determined also spa type and sequence type. Results ST80 was confirmed in only 2 (0.5%) out of 385 CA-MRSA isolates, collected in a national collection of CAMRSA. Both isolates were positive for the PVL genes, mec A gene, exfoliative toxin type D gene and SCCmec IV. One CA-MRSA isolate was confirmed in a wound swab taken from a 47-year-old male, and the second was isolated from blood cultures of a 69-year-old female. No epidemiological connections between them were found. Conclusions In Slovenia CA-MRSA infections caused by ST80 are rare. In the future, it is necessary that a surveillance study of CA-MRSA at the national level continues and CA-MRSA be considered as a public health threat.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, spa Typing and Clonal Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Blood of Patients Hospitalized in the Czech Republic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Lucia Malisova ◽  
Marta Fridrichova ◽  
Martin Musilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Types ◽  
Repeat Pattern

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Restoration of Susceptibility of Intracellular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactams: Comparison of Strains, Cells, and Antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2797-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Lemaire ◽  
Aurélie Olivier ◽  
Françoise Van Bambeke ◽  
Paul M. Tulkens ◽  
Peter C. Appelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus invades eukaryotic cells. When methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 is phagocytized by human THP-1 macrophages, complete restoration of susceptibility to cloxacillin and meropenem is shown and the strain becomes indistinguishable from MSSA ATCC 25923 due to the acid pH prevailing in phagolysosomes (S. Lemaire et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:1627-1632, 2007). We examined whether this observation can be extended to (i) strains of current clinical and epidemiological interest (three hospital-acquired MRSA [HA-MRSA] strains, two community-acquired MRSA [CA-MRSA] strains, two HA-MRSA strains with the vancomycin-intermediate phenotype, one HA-MRSA strain with the vancomycin-resistant phenotype, and one animal [porcine] MRSA strain), (ii) activated THP-1 cells and nonprofessional phagocytes (keratinocytes, Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells), and (iii) other β-lactams (imipenem, oxacillin, cefuroxime, cefepime). All strains showed (i) a marked reduction in MICs in broth at pH 5.5 compared with the MIC at pH 7.4 and (ii) sigmoidal dose-response curves with cloxacillin (0.01× to 100× MIC, 24 h of incubation) after phagocytosis by THP-1 macrophages that were indistinguishable from each other and from the dose-response curve for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ATCC 25923 (relative potency [50% effect], 6.09× MIC [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.50 to 8.25]; relative efficacy [change in bacterial counts over the original inoculum for an infinitely large cloxacillin concentration, or maximal effect], −0.69 log CFU [95% CI, −0.79 to −0.58]). Similar dose-response curves for cloxacillin were also observed with MSSA ATCC 25923 and MRSA ATCC 33591 after phagocytosis by activated THP-1 macrophages, keratinocytes, and Calu-3 cells. By contrast, there was a lower level of restoration of susceptibility of MRSA ATCC 33591 to cefuroxime and cefepime after phagocytosis by THP-1 macrophages, even when the data were normalized for differences in MICs. We conclude that the restoration of MRSA susceptibility to β-lactams after phagocytosis is independent of the strain and the types of cells but varies between β-lactams.

scholarly journals Characterization and Proposed Nomenclature of Epidemic Strains of MRSA in Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Simor ◽  
D Boyd ◽  
L Louie ◽  
A McGeer ◽  
M Mulvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

The incidence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has been increasing in many Canadian hospitals over the past few years. Some strains may be considered ‘epidemic’, in that they are clinically or epidemiologically significant, and have been identified in patients from multiple hospitals and geographic regions across the country. This paper describes phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four epidemic MRSA strains in Canada and proposes standardized nomenclature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ceftaroline Alone and in Combination against Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Daptomycin and Vancomycin in anIn VitroPharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 4497-4503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Barber ◽  
Jordan R. Smith ◽  
Cortney E. Ireland ◽  
Blaise R. Boles ◽  
Warren E. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Antimicrobial Protection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACTAnnually, medical device infections are associated with >250,000 catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), with up to 25% mortality.Staphylococcus aureus, a primary pathogen in these infections, is capable of biofilm production, allowing organism persistence in harsh environments, offering antimicrobial protection. With increases inS. aureusisolates with reduced susceptibility to current agents, ceftaroline (CPT) offers a therapeutic alternative. Therefore, we evaluated whether CPT would have a role against biofilm-producing methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), including those with decreased susceptibilities to alternative agents. In this study, we investigated CPT activity alone or combined with daptomycin (DAP) or rifampin (RIF) against 3 clinical biofilm-producing MRSA strains in anin vitrobiofilm pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. Simulated antimicrobial regimens were as follows: 600 mg of CPT every 8 h (q8h) (free maximum concentration of drug [fCmax], 17.04 mg/liter; elimination half-life [t1/2], 2.66 h), 12 mg/kg of body weight/day of DAP (fCmax, 14.7 mg/liter;t1/2, 8 h), and 450 mg of RIF q12h (fCmax, 3.5 mg/liter;t1/2, 3.4 h), CPT plus DAP, and CPT plus RIF. Samples were obtained and plated to determine colony counts. Differences in log10CFU/cm2were evaluated by analysis of variance with Tukey'spost hoctest. The strains were CPT and vancomycin susceptible and DAP nonsusceptible (DNS). CPT displayed activity throughout the experiment. DAP demonstrated initial activity with regrowth at 24 h in all strains. RIF was comparable to the drug-free control, and little benefit was observed when combined with CPT. CPT plus DAP displayed potent activity, with an average log10CFU/cm2reduction of 3.33 ± 1.01 from baseline. CPT demonstrated activity against biofilm-producing DNS MRSA. CPT plus DAP displayed therapeutic enhancement over monotherapy, providing a potential option for difficult-to-treat medical device infections.

scholarly journals Antagonism between Aminoglycosides and β-Lactams in a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Involves Induction of an Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzyme

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1516-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ida ◽  
Ryoichi Okamoto ◽  
Masato Nonoyama ◽  
Kazuhiko Irinoda ◽  
Mizuyo Kurazono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Aureus Isolate

ABSTRACT We encountered three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus which were susceptible to netilmicin and arbekacin in the absence of β-lactam antibiotics but which were resistant to them in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. One of these strains, KU5801, was used to further investigate the antagonism between aminoglycosides and β-lactam antibiotics. β-Lactam antibiotics induced bacterial synthesis of aminoglycoside-6′-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase [AAC(6′)-APH(2")] in association with decreased antimicrobial activities of aminoglycosides. A 14.4-kb EcoRI fragment that included the genes that control for β-lactam-inducible aminoglycoside resistance was cloned from a 31-kb conjugative plasmid present in KU5801. Restriction fragment mapping and PCR analysis suggested that a Tn4001-like element containing a gene encoding AAC(6′)-APH(2") was located downstream from a truncated blaZ gene. The DNA sequence between blaR1 and a Tn4001-like element was determined. The Tn4001-IS257 hybrid structure was cointegrated into the blaZ gene, and the typical sequences for the termination of transcription were not found between these regions. We deduced that antagonism of aminoglycosides by β-lactam antibiotics in isolate KU5801 involved transcription of the aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene under the influence of the system regulating penicillinase production.

scholarly journals Novel Type of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Identified in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Chuntima Tiensasitorn ◽  
Mantana Jamklang ◽  
Piriyaporn Chongtrakool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Class B ◽  
New Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We identified a new type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) from two community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The novel element, designated type IV SCCmec, had a unique combination of the class B mec gene complex and the type 2 ccr gene complex and was much smaller in size (21 to 24 kb) than previously identified SCCmec elements of hospital-acquired MRSA. Consistent with the strains' susceptibilities to various non-β-lactam antibiotics, the type IV SCCmec was devoid of any antibiotic resistance genes other than the mecA gene.

Multiclonal outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections on a collegiate football team

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. HALL ◽  
D. BIXLER ◽  
L. E. HADDY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Collegiate Football

SUMMARYAn outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) occurred in a college football team in August 2006. Of 109 players on the team roster, 88 (81%) were interviewed during a cohort investigation. Twenty-five cases were identified, six of which were culture-confirmed. Available culture isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which identified two different MRSA strains associated with the outbreak. Playing positions with the most physical contact (offensive linemen, defensive linemen, and tight ends) had the greatest risk of infection [risk ratio (RR) 5·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·3–11·5. Other risk factors included recent skin trauma (RR 1·9, 95% CI 0·95–3·7), use of therapeutic hydrocollator packs (RR 2·5, 95% CI 1·1–5·7), and miscellaneous training equipment use (RR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·1). The outbreak was successfully controlled through team education and implementation of improved infection-control practices and hygiene policies.

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