scholarly journals Genetic History of Hepatitis C Virus in East Asia

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver G. Pybus ◽  
Eleanor Barnes ◽  
Rachel Taggart ◽  
Philippe Lemey ◽  
Peter V. Markov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT The hepatitis C virus (HCV), which currently infects an estimated 3% of people worldwide, has been present in some human populations for several centuries, notably HCV genotypes 1 and 2 in West Africa and genotype 6 in Southeast Asia. Here we use newly developed methods of sequence analysis to conduct the first comprehensive investigation of the epidemic and evolutionary history of HCV in Asia. Our analysis includes new HCV core (n = 16) and NS5B (n = 14) gene sequences, obtained from serum samples of jaundiced patients from Laos. These exceptionally diverse isolates were analyzed in conjunction with all available reference strains using phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescent methods. We performed statistical tests of phylogeographic structure and applied a recently developed “relaxed molecular clock” approach to HCV for the first time, which indicated an unexpectedly high degree of rate variation. Our results reveal a >1,000-year-long development of genotype 6 in Asia, characterized by substantial phylogeographic structure and two distinct phases of epidemic history, before and during the 20th century. We conclude that HCV lineages representing preexisting and spatially restricted strains were involved in multiple, independent local epidemics during the 20th century. Our analysis explains the generation and maintenance of HCV diversity in Asia and could provide a template for further investigations of HCV spread in other regions.

scholarly journals Epidemic history of hepatitis C virus infection in two remote communities in Nigeria, West Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Forbi ◽  
Michael A. Purdy ◽  
David S. Campo ◽  
Gilberto Vaughan ◽  
Zoya E. Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
History Of

We investigated the molecular epidemiology and population dynamics of HCV infection among indigenes of two semi-isolated communities in North-Central Nigeria. Despite remoteness and isolation, ~15 % of the population had serological or molecular markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS5b sequences obtained from 60 HCV-infected residents showed that HCV variants belonged to genotype 1 (n = 51; 85 %) and genotype 2 (n = 9; 15 %). All sequences were unique and intermixed in the phylogenetic tree with HCV sequences from people infected from other West African countries. The high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of the HCV hypervariable region 1 and an empirical threshold error correction algorithm were used to evaluate intra-host heterogeneity of HCV strains of genotype 1 (n = 43) and genotype 2 (n = 6) from residents of the communities. Analysis revealed a rare detectable intermixing of HCV intra-host variants among residents. Identification of genetically close HCV variants among all known groups of relatives suggests a common intra-familial HCV transmission in the communities. Applying Bayesian coalescent analysis to the NS5b sequences, the most recent common ancestors for genotype 1 and 2 variants were estimated to have existed 675 and 286 years ago, respectively. Bayesian skyline plots suggest that HCV lineages of both genotypes identified in the Nigerian communities experienced epidemic growth for 200–300 years until the mid-20th century. The data suggest a massive introduction of numerous HCV variants to the communities during the 20th century in the background of a dynamic evolutionary history of the hepatitis C epidemic in Nigeria over the past three centuries.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: COMPARISON OF THE SURABAYA DIALYSIS CENTER AND JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DIALYSIS CENTRE

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Santoso ◽  
Pranawa Pranawa ◽  
Moh. Yogiantoro ◽  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Aditia Wardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Hepatitis C virus infection is highly prevalence in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study will compare prevalence of HCV positive population in difference countries where there are great contrasts in and diversity of care available to patients who have end stage renal disease. All serum samples of the 100 patients were tested for HCV antibodies, using third-generation enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of anti-HCV was correlated with a history of blood transfusion and with duration of hemodialysis. HCV prevalences were 88% of Surabaya group and 6% of Juntendo Group, respectively. In Surabaya Group, prevalence of HCV positive was high and the risk factors are not only those of the Juntendo Group, but also a combination of poor living conditions, frequent blood transfusions, and lack of adherence. Much needs to be studied about the role of universal screening and effective techniques for primary prevention in Surabaya Group

scholarly journals Utility of the Cobas® Plasma Separation Card as a Sample Collection Device for Serological and Virological Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Fernando Velásquez-Orozco ◽  
Ariadna Rando-Segura ◽  
Joan Martínez-Camprecios ◽  
Paula Salmeron ◽  
Adrián Najarro-Centeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Plasma Separation ◽  
Virological Diagnosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Diagnosis and clinical management of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on results from a combination of serological and virological tests. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of dried plasma spots (DPS), prepared using the cobas® Plasma Separation Card (PSC), to plasma and serum from venipuncture, for HCV diagnosis. We carried out a prospective study using DPS and paired plasma or serum samples. Serum and DPS samples were analyzed by immunoassay using Elecsys® Anti-HCV II (Roche). Plasma and DPS samples were analyzed using the cobas® HCV viral load and cobas® HCV genotyping tests (Roche). All DPS samples that had high anti-HCV antibody titers in serum were also antibody-positive, as were five of eight samples with moderate titers. Eight samples with low titers in serum were negative with DPS. Among 80 samples with plasma HCV viral loads between 61.5 and 2.2 × 108 IU/mL, 74 were RNA-positive in DPS. The mean viral load difference between plasma and DPS was 2.65 log10 IU/mL. The performance of DPS for detection of serological and virological markers of hepatitis C virus infection was comparable to that of the conventional specimen types. However, the limits of detection were higher for DPS.

The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemophiliacs

Hematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Franchini ◽  
A. Tagliaferri ◽  
G. Rossetti ◽  
F. Capra ◽  
E. De Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus among Apparently Normal Schoolchildren: Follow‐up after 7 Years

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza El‐Sherbini ◽  
Wafaa Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Abdel‐Hamid ◽  
Ahmad Naeim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
History Of

Prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients by monthly analysis of HCV RNA and antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Moreira ◽  
João Renato Rebello Pinho ◽  
Jorge Fares ◽  
Isabel Takano Oba ◽  
Maria Regina Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Time Required

The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the prevalence and the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis patients in two different centers in São Paulo (Brazil), (ii) determine the time required to detect HCV infection among these patients by serology or PCR, (iii) establish the importance of alanine aminotransferase determination as a marker of HCV infection, and (iv) identify the HCV genotypes in this population. Serum samples were collected monthly for 1 year from 281 patients admitted to hospital for hemodialysis. Out of 281 patients, 41 patients (14.6%) were HCV positive; six patients seroconverted during this study (incidence = 3.1/1000 person-month). In 1.8% (5/281) of cases, RNA was detected before the appearance of antibodies (up to 5 months), and in 1.1% (3/281) of cases, RNA was the unique marker of HCV infection. The genotypes found were 1a, 1b, 3a, and 4a. The presence of genotype 4a is noteworthy, since it is a rare genotype in Brazil. These data pointed out the high prevalence and incidence of HCV infection at hemodialysis centers in Brazil and showed that routine PCR is fundamental for improving the detection of HCV carriers among patients undergoing hemodialysis.Key words: HCV genotypes, hemodialysis, hepatitis C, PCR, prevalence, incidence.

scholarly journals NS3 Variability in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1A Isolates from Liver Tissue and Serum Samples of Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Intervirology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deborah D’Aliberti ◽  
Irene Cacciola ◽  
Cristina Musolino ◽  
Giuseppina Raffa ◽  
Roberto Filomia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Treatment Naïve

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus infection in apparentenly healthy individuals with family history of diabetes in Vom, Plateau State Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna O Nwankiti ◽  
James A Ndako ◽  
Georgebest ON Echeonwu ◽  
Atanda O Olabode ◽  
Chika I Nwosuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Family History ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plateau State

scholarly journals Transfusion-transmitted human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in Taiwan: a true risk and occasional coinfection with hepatitis C virus shown in a prospective study

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 934-940
Author(s):  
JT Wang ◽  
MT Lin ◽  
PJ Chen ◽  
JC Sheu ◽  
JT Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
A Prospective Study

To study the incidence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) after blood transfusion in Taiwan, serum samples from 699 patients in a prospective study were examined for seroreactivity of anti-HTLV. By an enzyme immunoassay, 9 of the 699 recipients were repeatedly positive. Serial serum samples of these 9 patients were then confirmed with a Western blot analysis and with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for HTLV-I genome. Four were already positive for anti-HTLV before transfusion, 1 carried antibodies to HTLV-I transiently after transfusion, and only 4 cases had de nova seroconversions. These patients and their family members were called back and tested for HTLV- I genome in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and plasma. All the serologically positive patients, except the “transient one,” were positive for HTLV sequences in the PBMCs. Viral sequences could also be detected in several serum or plasma samples. In the family members, only the spouse of a pretransfusion-positive patient was infected. These results suggested that approximately 0.6% of the blood recipients were infected by HTLV-I through transfusion in Taiwan, and that the frequency of intrafamilial HTLV-I transmission is low. We also observed the unusual coinfection by both HTLV-I and hepatitis C virus in 2 patients, and superinfection of hepatitis C virus after blood transfusion in 1 HTLV-I carrier. Cases of coinfection suggest a prevalence of both viruses in blood donors and warrant further screening.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C in pregnancy: an observational study highlighting its association with maternal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Bushra . ◽  
Ambreen Ghori ◽  
Azra Ahmed ◽  
Najma Dalwani ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Pregnancy is a very crucial time in a woman’s life. In this period of time, not only multiple physiological alterations effect the usual health status but also makes women more vulnerable to contract infection and face negative sequalae. Hepatitis C, a blood borne viral infection serve the similar fate when encountered by pregnant ladies. This study is based on exploring the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus seropositivity among pregnant population. Moreover, we also evaluated the major risk factors leading to the infection in these mothers. Besides this, infected mothers were studied for their pregnancy outcomes.Methods: In this study 114 pregnant females were observed for this cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Gynecology Unit- 1, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, for the period of January 2017 to July 2017. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis on SPSS version 16. The criteria for enrollment in the study was set to be a pregnant lady belonging to age group 20-35 years; having singleton pregnancy; was a booked case at the hospital with compliant to antenatal follow ups; admitted to the labor room for delivery. All the non-pregnant ladies, whom had co morbid conditions such as hypertension or diabetes or had infected with hepatitis B or D were excluded from the study. Furthermore, pregnant ladies with multiple gestion or those who were either diagnosed of hepatitis C prior to conceive or had a previous history of hepatitis C were also excluded.Results: Present study revealed that out of 114, 10(8.8%) pregnant ladies were found seropositive for Hepatitis C virus. Prior history for transfusion of blood was the Foremost risk factor discovered, with 60.5% women reported this. History of surgery was the 2nd commonest factor and 43.9% had this in their medical records. On the other hand, only 8.8% women gave the history for previous evacuation. While observing pregnancy outcomes, we found 48.2% neonates had low birth weight, 41.2% were born preterm and 21.1% had low APGAR score.Conclusions: In a nutshell hepatitis c is prevalent in the pregnant population of this region and showing its effects in the form of compromised pregnancies. History of blood transfusion and previous surgery were found to be chief risk factors in the study.

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