scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of SSA3, an HSP70 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3262-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W R Boorstein ◽  
E A Craig
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Double Mutant Strain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The SSA3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a member of the HSP70 multigene family, is expressed at low levels under optimal growth conditions and is dramatically induced in response to heat shock. Sequences coinciding with two overlapping heat shock elements, located 156 base pairs upstream of the transcribed region, were necessary and sufficient for regulation of heat induction. The SSA3 promoter was also activated in an ssa1ssa2 double-mutant strain. This increase in the expression of SSA3 was mediated via the same upstream activating sequences that activated transcription in response to heat shock.

Transcriptional regulation of SSA3, an HSP70 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3262-3267
Author(s):  
W R Boorstein ◽  
E A Craig
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Double Mutant Strain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The SSA3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a member of the HSP70 multigene family, is expressed at low levels under optimal growth conditions and is dramatically induced in response to heat shock. Sequences coinciding with two overlapping heat shock elements, located 156 base pairs upstream of the transcribed region, were necessary and sufficient for regulation of heat induction. The SSA3 promoter was also activated in an ssa1ssa2 double-mutant strain. This increase in the expression of SSA3 was mediated via the same upstream activating sequences that activated transcription in response to heat shock.

scholarly journals DNA damage and heat shock dually regulate genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T McClanahan ◽  
K McEntee
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
Transcriptional Start Sites

Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes isolated in a differential hybridization screening for DNA damage regulation (DDR genes) were also transcriptionally regulated by heat shock treatment. A 0.45-kilobase transcript homologous to the DDRA2 gene and a 1.25-kilobase transcript homologous to the DDR48 gene accumulated after exposure of cells to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO; 1 to 1.5 microgram/ml) or brief heat shock (20 min at 37 degrees C). The DDRA2 transcript, which was undetectable in untreated cells, was induced to high levels by these treatments, and the DDR48 transcript increased more than 10-fold as demonstrated by Northern hybridization analysis. Two findings argue that dual regulation of stress-responsive genes is not common in S. cerevisiae. First, two members of the heat shock-inducible hsp70 family of S. cerevisiae, YG100 and YG102, were not induced by exposure to NQO. Second, at least one other DNA-damage-inducible gene, DIN1, was not regulated by heat shock treatment. We examined the structure of the induced RNA homologous to DDRA2 after heat shock and NQO treatments by S1 nuclease protection experiments. Our results demonstrated that the DDRA2 transcript initiates equally frequently at two sites separated by 5 base pairs. Both transcriptional start sites were utilized when cells were exposed to either NQO or heat shock treatment. These results indicate that DDRA2 and DDR48 are members of a unique dually regulated stress-responsive family of genes in S. cerevisiae.

SAM2 encodes the second methionine S-adenosyl transferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: physiology and regulation of both enzymes

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5132-5139
Author(s):  
D Thomas ◽  
R Rothstein ◽  
N Rosenberg ◽  
Y Surdin-Kerjan
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
State Level ◽  
Functional Complementation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Double Mutant Strain ◽  
Adomet Synthetase

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode two distinct forms of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase. In a previous study we cloned and sequenced the SAM1 gene (D. Thomas and Y. Surdin-Kerjan, J. Biol. Chem. 262:16704-16709, 1987). In this work, the SAM2 gene was isolated by functional complementation of a yeast double-mutant strain, and its identity was ascertained by gene disruption. It has been sequenced and compared with the SAM1 gene. The degree of homology found between the two genes shows that SAM1 and SAM2 are duplicated genes. Using strains disrupted in one or the other SAM gene, we have studied the regulation of their expression by measuring the steady-state level of mRNA after growth under different conditions. The results show that the expression of the two SAM genes is regulated differently, SAM2 being induced by the presence of excess methionine in the growth medium and SAM1 being repressed under the same conditions. The level of mRNA in the parental strain shows that it is not the sum of the levels found in the two disrupted strains. This raises the question of how the two AdoMet synthetases in S. cerevisiae interact to control AdoMet synthesis.

Constitutive and inducible Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters: evidence for two distinct molecular mechanisms

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3847-3853
Author(s):  
K Struhl
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Inducible Promoters ◽  
Upstream Promoter ◽  
Selection Of

his3 and pet56 are adjacent Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes that are transcribed in opposite directions from initiation sites that are separated by 200 base pairs. Under normal growth conditions, in which his3 and pet56 are transcribed at similar basal levels, a poly(dA-dT) sequence located between the genes serves as the upstream promoter element for both. In contrast, his3 but not pet56 transcription is induced during conditions of amino acid starvation, even though the critical regulatory site is located upstream of both respective TATA regions. Moreover, only one of the two normal his3 initiation sites is subject to induction. From genetic and biochemical evidence, I suggest that the his3-pet56 intergenic region contains constitutive and inducible promoters with different properties. In particular, two classes of TATA elements, constitutive (Tc) and regulatory (Tr), can be distinguished by their ability to respond to upstream regulatory elements, by their effects on the selection of initiation sites, and by their physical structure in nuclear chromatin. Constitutive and inducible his3 transcription is mediated by distinct promoters representing each class, whereas pet56 transcription is mediated by a constitutive promoter. Molecular mechanisms for these different kinds of S. cerevisiae promoters are proposed.

Arsenic Incorporation in InP Epilayers and Arsenide/InP Heterostructures Grown by Chemical Beam Epitaxy

1994 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rossignol ◽  
A. H. Bensaoula ◽  
A. Freundlich ◽  
A. Bensaoula ◽  
G. Neu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Chemical Beam Epitaxy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Group V ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Arsenic Incorporation

ABSTRACTLow levels of arsenic contamination have been previously reported (∼0.01%) in CBE grown InP by different groups. The level of As incorporation in InP is usually enhanced when arsenide(InGaAs, InAsP) / InP heterostructures are grown.In this work, optimal growth conditions to minimize the non-intentional As contamination during the growth of these heterostructures are discussed. The red shift of band-edge excitons in the low temperature photoluminescence spectra as well as the analysis of high resolution X-ray diffraction patterns of InAsP/InP multi-quantum wells suggest the presence of As in InP barriers. This contamination is consistent with the ratio of As/P partial pressure (As residual in the chamber: 10-9-10-8 Torr) and the As/P incorporation rates. We have studied the influence of the growth temperature, the group-V/III flux ratio and the growth rate on the level of the As incorporation.

scholarly journals Inoculation with acetic acid bacteria improves the quality of natural green table olives

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. e407
Author(s):  
M. Mounir ◽  
J. Hammoucha ◽  
O. Taleb ◽  
M. Afechtal ◽  
A. Hamouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Olive Variety

This study aims to develop a method for the preparation of natural table olives using locally selected microorganisms and without resorting to the usual techniques which employ lye treatment and acids. The effects of parameters, such as lye treatment, inoculation with yeasts, substitution of organic acids with vinegar and/or acetic acid bacteria, and finally alternating aeration have been assessed. Four different combinations were applied to the “Picholine marocaine” olive variety using indigenous strains, namely Lactobacillus plantarum S1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae LD01 and Acetobacter pasteurianus KU710511 (CV01) isolated respectively from olive brine, Bouslikhen dates and Cactus. Two control tests, referring to traditional and industrial processes, were used as references. Microbial and physicochemical tests showed that the L3V combination (inoculated with A. pasteurianus KU710511 and L. plantarum S1 under the optimal growth conditions of the Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) strain with 6% NaCl) was found to be favorable for the growth of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strain which plays the key role in olive fermentation. This result was confirmed by sensory evaluation, placing L3V at the top of the evaluated samples, surpassing the industrial one where a chemical debittering treatment with lye was used. In addition, alternating aeration served to increase the microbial biomass of both AAB and LAB strains along with Saccharomyces cerevisiae LD01 strain, but also to use lower concentration of NaCl and to reduce the deterioration of olives compared to the anaerobic fermentation process. Finally, a mixed starter containing the three strains was prepared in a 10-L Lab-fermenter from the L3V sample in order to improve it in subsequent studies. The prepared starter mixture could be suitable for use as a parental strain to prepare table olives for artisan and industrial application in Morocco.

DNA damage and heat shock dually regulate genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
T McClanahan ◽  
K McEntee
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
Transcriptional Start Sites

Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes isolated in a differential hybridization screening for DNA damage regulation (DDR genes) were also transcriptionally regulated by heat shock treatment. A 0.45-kilobase transcript homologous to the DDRA2 gene and a 1.25-kilobase transcript homologous to the DDR48 gene accumulated after exposure of cells to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO; 1 to 1.5 microgram/ml) or brief heat shock (20 min at 37 degrees C). The DDRA2 transcript, which was undetectable in untreated cells, was induced to high levels by these treatments, and the DDR48 transcript increased more than 10-fold as demonstrated by Northern hybridization analysis. Two findings argue that dual regulation of stress-responsive genes is not common in S. cerevisiae. First, two members of the heat shock-inducible hsp70 family of S. cerevisiae, YG100 and YG102, were not induced by exposure to NQO. Second, at least one other DNA-damage-inducible gene, DIN1, was not regulated by heat shock treatment. We examined the structure of the induced RNA homologous to DDRA2 after heat shock and NQO treatments by S1 nuclease protection experiments. Our results demonstrated that the DDRA2 transcript initiates equally frequently at two sites separated by 5 base pairs. Both transcriptional start sites were utilized when cells were exposed to either NQO or heat shock treatment. These results indicate that DDRA2 and DDR48 are members of a unique dually regulated stress-responsive family of genes in S. cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP70 heat shock elements are functionally distinct.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5637-5646 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Young ◽  
E A Craig
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Basal Transcription ◽  
Basal Activity ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Gel Mobility Shift ◽  
Ability To Drive

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP70 gene SSA1 has multiple heat shock elements (HSEs). To determine the significance of each of these sequences for expression of SSA1, we analyzed expression from a set of promoters containing point mutations in each of the HSEs, individually and in pairwise combinations. Of the three HSE-like sequences, two (HSE2 and HSE3) were active promoter elements; only one, HSE2, was active under basal growth conditions. Either HSE2 or HSE3 alone was able to drive SSA1 transcription at near-normal rates after heat shock. Both HSE2 and HSE3 were capable of driving basal transcription when placed in the context of the CYC1 promoter. Previous analysis had identified an upstream repressing sequence overlapping HSE2 that repressed basal transcription driven by HSE2. Our analysis showed that basal transcription driven by HSE3 was repressed both by the distant upstream repressing sequence and by closer flanking sequences. The ability to drive basal transcription is not inherent in all natural HSEs, since the HSEs from the heat-inducible SSA3 and SSA4 genes showed no basal activity when placed in the CYC1 vector. Gel mobility shift experiments showed that the same population of heat shock transcription factor molecules bound to HSEs capable of driving basal activity and to HSEs having very low or undetectable basal activity.

scholarly journals Duration of Heat Stress Effect on Invasiveness ofL. monocytogenesStrains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Renata Gmyrek ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Katarzyna Kosek-Paszkowska ◽  
Jacek Bania
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Heat Shock Stress ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Invasion Capacity

During food production and food conservation, as well as the passage through the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract,L. monocytogenesis exposed to many adverse conditions which may elicit a stress response. As a result the pathogen may become more resistant to other unpropitious factors and may change its virulence. It has been shown that low and high temperature, salt, low pH, and high pressure affect the invasion capacity ofL. monocytogenes. However, there is a scarcity of data on the duration of the stress effect on bacterial biology, including invasiveness. The aim of this work was to determine the period during whichL. monocytogenesinvasiveness remains altered under optimal conditions following exposure of bacteria to mild heat shock stress. TenL. monocytogenesstrains were exposed to heat shock at 54°C for 20 minutes. Then both heat-treated and nontreated control bacteria were incubated under optimal growth conditions, 37°C, for up to 72 hours and the invasion capacity was tested. Additionally, the expression of virulence and stress response genes was investigated in 2 strains. We found that heat stress exposure significantly decreases the invasiveness of all tested strains. However, during incubation at 37°C the invasion capacity of heat-treated strains recovered to the level of nontreated controls. The observed effect was strain-dependent and lasted from less than 24 hours to 72 hours. The invasiveness of 6 out of the 10 nontreated strains decreased during incubation at 37°C. The expression ofinlABcorrelated with the increase of invasiveness but the decrease of invasiveness did not correlate with changes of the level of these transcripts.Conclusions. The effect of heat stress onL. monocytogenesinvasiveness is strain-dependent and was transient, lasting up to 72 hours.

scholarly journals The heat shock consensus sequence is not sufficient for hsp70 gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Amin ◽  
R Mestril ◽  
R Lawson ◽  
H Klapper ◽  
R Voellmy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Hybrid Gene ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
African Green Monkey Kidney

A hybrid gene in which the expression of an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was placed under the control of a Drosophila melanogaster 70,000-dalton heat shock protein (hsp70) gene promoter was constructed. Mutant derivatives of this hybrid gene which contained promoter sequences of different lengths were prepared, and their heat-induced expression was examined in D. melanogaster and COS-1 (African green monkey kidney) cells. Mutants with 5' nontranscribed sequences of at least 90 and up to 1,140 base pairs were expressed strongly in both cell types. Mutants with shorter 5' extensions (of at least 63 base pairs) were transcribed and translated efficiently in COS-1 but not at all in D. melanogaster cells. Thus, in contrast to the situation in COS-1 cells, the previously defined heat shock consensus sequence which is located between nucleotides 62 and 48 of the hsp70 gene 5' nontranscribed DNA segment is not sufficient for the expression of the D. melanogaster gene in homologous cells. A second consensus-like element 69 to 85 nucleotides upstream from the cap site is postulated to be also involved in the heat-induced expression of the hsp70 gene in D. melanogaster cells.

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