Developmental regulation and tissue distribution of the liver transcription factor LFB1 (HNF1) in Xenopus laevis.

The transcription factor LFB1 (HNF1) was initially identified as a regulator of liver-specific gene expression in mammals. It interacts with the promoter element HP1, which is functionally conserved between mammals and amphibians, suggesting that a homologous factor, XLFB1, also exists in Xenopus laevis. To study the role of LFB1 in early development, we isolated two groups of cDNAs coding for this factor from a Xenopus liver cDNA library by using a rat LFB1 cDNA probe. A comparison of the primary structures of the Xenopus and mammalian proteins shows that the myosin-like dimerization helix, the POU-A-related domain, the homeo-domain-related region, and the serine/threonine-rich activation domain are conserved between X. laevis and mammals, suggesting that all these features typical for LFB1 are essential for function. Using monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrate that XLFB1 is present not only in the liver but also in the stomach, intestine, colon, and kidney. In an analysis of the expression of XLFB1 in the developing Xenopus embryo, XLFB1 transcripts appear at the gastrula stage. The XLFB1 protein can be identified in regions of the embryo in which the liver diverticulum, stomach, gut, and pronephros are localized. The early appearance of XLFB1 expression during embryogenesis suggests that the tissue-specific transcription factor XLFB1 is involved in the determination and/or differentiation of specific cell types during organogenesis.

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Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666180410125850 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 246-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lara Termini ◽

Enrique Boccardo

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Types ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Biological Research ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Organotypic Cultures ◽

Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

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Analysis of the transcriptome of bovine endometrial cells isolated by laser micro-dissection (1): specific signatures of stromal, glandular and luminal epithelial cells

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07712-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wiruntita Chankeaw ◽

Sandra Lignier ◽

Christophe Richard ◽

Theodoros Ntallaris ◽

Mariam Raliou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Localization ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Cell Types ◽

Molecular Signature ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Endometrial Cells

Abstract Background A number of studies have examined mRNA expression profiles of bovine endometrium at estrus and around the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, to date, these studies have been performed on the whole endometrium which is a complex tissue. Consequently, the knowledge of cell-specific gene expression, when analysis performed with whole endometrium, is still weak and obviously limits the relevance of the results of gene expression studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize specific transcriptome of the three main cell-types of the bovine endometrium at day-15 of the estrus cycle. Results In the RNA-Seq analysis, the number of expressed genes detected over 10 transcripts per million was 6622, 7814 and 8242 for LE, GE and ST respectively. ST expressed exclusively 1236 genes while only 551 transcripts were specific to the GE and 330 specific to LE. For ST, over-represented biological processes included many regulation processes and response to stimulus, cell communication and cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization as well as developmental process. For GE, cilium organization, cilium movement, protein localization to cilium and microtubule-based process were the only four main biological processes enriched. For LE, over-represented biological processes were enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway, cell-substrate adhesion and circulatory system process. Conclusion The data show that each endometrial cell-type has a distinct molecular signature and provide a significantly improved overview on the biological process supported by specific cell-types. The most interesting result is that stromal cells express more genes than the two epithelial types and are associated with a greater number of pathways and ontology terms.

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Differential Pathways of Angiotensin II-Induced Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation in Specific Cell Types: Role of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor

Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/me.2003-0476 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 2035-2048 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Bukhtiar H. Shah ◽

Akin Yesilkaya ◽

J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes ◽

Hung-Dar Chen ◽

László Hunyady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Epidermal Growth

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c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues: structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.7.5.1629 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1629-1637 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

F Propst ◽

M P Rosenberg ◽

A Iyer ◽

K Kaul ◽

G F Vande Woude

Keyword(s):

Developmental Regulation ◽

Cell Types ◽

Structural Features ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Cell Fractionation ◽

Gonadal Tissue ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Germ Cell Differentiation ◽

Mouse Tissues

c-mos RNA transcripts have been previously detected in mouse gonadal tissue and in late-term embryos. Here, we show that they are also present at low levels in placenta and in adult mouse brain, kidney, mammary gland, and epididymis. Marked differences are observed in the size of the mos RNA transcripts detected in different tissues. All transcripts appear to end at the same 3' position, and the tissue-specific size variations appear to be due to the use of different promoters. For example, the testicular and ovarian RNA transcripts initiate approximately 280 and approximately 70 base pairs, respectively, upstream from the first initiation codon, but both end at a common site downstream from the mos open reading frame. The expression of mos is developmentally regulated in gonadal tissue. Thus, the level of mos transcripts in testes is low for the first 3 weeks after birth, increases at least 10-fold around day 25, and reaches adult levels by day 30. In contrast, ovaries from preweaning mice contain a higher level of mos mRNA compared to ovaries from adult mice. In cell fractionation experiments we show that mos transcripts are present in haploid germ cells. We find that these transcripts are associated with monosomes and polysomes. The peculiar pattern of mos expression in mouse gonadal tissue suggests a role for the c-mos proto-oncogene in germ cell differentiation.

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CCL2: An Important Mediator Between Tumor Cells and Host Cells in Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.722916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jiakang Jin ◽

Jinti Lin ◽

Ankai Xu ◽

Jianan Lou ◽

Chao Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cell Types ◽

Host Cells ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Multiple Tumor ◽

Inflammatory Monocytes ◽

Immunosuppressive Cell ◽

Tumor Types

Tumor microenvironment (TME) formation is a major cause of immunosuppression. The TME consists of a considerable number of macrophages and stromal cells that have been identified in multiple tumor types. CCL2 is the strongest chemoattractant involved in macrophage recruitment and a powerful initiator of inflammation. Evidence indicates that CCL2 can attract other host cells in the TME and direct their differentiation in cooperation with other cytokines. Overall, CCL2 has an unfavorable effect on prognosis in tumor patients because of the accumulation of immunosuppressive cell subtypes. However, there is also evidence demonstrating that CCL2 enhances the anti-tumor capability of specific cell types such as inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. The inflammation state of the tumor seems to have a bi-lateral role in tumor progression. Here, we review works focusing on the interactions between cancer cells and host cells, and on the biological role of CCL2 in these processes.

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Progranulin modulates cartilage-specific gene expression via sirtuin 1–mediated deacetylation of the transcription factors SOX9 and P65

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra119.011164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 (39) ◽

pp. 13640-13650 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dongxu Feng ◽

Xiaomin Kang ◽

Ruiqi Wang ◽

He Chen ◽

Kun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Causative Role ◽

Human Cartilage ◽

Cartilage Homeostasis

Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that exerts crucial roles within cartilage tissue; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying PGRN-mediated cartilage homeostasis remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of PGRN in regulating chondrocyte homeostasis and its therapeutic potential for managing osteoarthritis (OA). We found that PGRN levels are significantly increased in human cartilage in mild OA and that its expression is decreased in the cartilage in severe OA. In vitro, treatment of primary rat chondrocytes with recombinant PGRN significantly enhanced the levels of collagen type II α 1 chain (COL2A1) and aggrecan, and attenuated TNFα-induced up-regulation of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13) and ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) in chondrocytes. These effects were abrogated in SIRT1−/− cells, indicating a causative role of SIRT1 in the effects of PGRN on protein expression in chondrocytes. Mechanistically, PGRN increased SIRT1 expression and activity, which reduced the acetylation levels of SRY-box transcription factor (SOX9) and transcription factor P65 (P65) and thereby promoted nuclear translocation of SOX9 and inhibited TNFα-induced P65 nuclear accumulation to maintain chondrocyte homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a mechanism of action for PGRN that maintains cartilage homeostasis and supports the notion that PGRN up-regulation may be a promising strategy for managing OA.

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Analysis of Gal4 Expression Patterns in Adult Drosophila Females

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1534/g3.120.401676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4147-4158

Author(s):

Lesley N. Weaver ◽

Tianlu Ma ◽

Daniela Drummond-Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Cell Types ◽

Tissue Expression ◽

Whole Body ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Gene Pathway ◽

Gal4 Expression ◽

Adult Drosophila

Precise genetic manipulation of specific cell types or tissues to pinpoint gene function requirement is a critical step in studies aimed at unraveling the intricacies of organismal physiology. Drosophila researchers heavily rely on the UAS/Gal4/Gal80 system for tissue-specific manipulations; however, it is often unclear whether the reported Gal4 expression patterns are indeed specific to the tissue of interest such that experimental results are not confounded by secondary sites of Gal4 expression. Here, we surveyed the expression patterns of commonly used Gal4 drivers in adult Drosophila female tissues under optimal conditions and found that multiple drivers have unreported secondary sites of expression beyond their published cell type/tissue expression pattern. These results underscore the importance of thoroughly characterizing Gal4 tools as part of a rigorous experimental design that avoids potential misinterpretation of results as we strive for understanding how the function of a specific gene/pathway in one tissue contributes to whole-body physiology.

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