scholarly journals Phylogeographic Clustering Suggests that Distinct Clades of Salmonella enterica Serovar Mississippi Are Endemic in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cheng ◽  
R. H. Orsi ◽  
M. Wiedmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom

The number of known so-called “polyphyletic” serovars (i.e., phylogenetically distinct clades with the same O and H antigenic formulas) continues to increase as additional Salmonella isolates are sequenced. While serotyping remains a valuable tool for reporting and monitoring Salmonella , more discriminatory analyses for classifying polyphyletic serovars may improve surveillance efforts for these serovars, as we found that for S. Mississippi, distinct genotypes predominate at different geographic locations.

A cross-national analysis of PhD models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead ◽  
Felix Maringe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supervision Models ◽  
Phd Supervision ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

PurposeThis paper provides a cross-national analysis of PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in order to compare PhD programs and their practices.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is employed, which systematically interrogates PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States via a comprehensive review of the practices and literature.FindingsThe findings indicate the ramifications of the different approaches and highlight the benefits and drawbacks associated with the different models.Originality/valueBy making explicit the dominant supervision models, milestones and examination procedures that exist in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States, the authors shed light on the somewhat obscure path to earning a PhD degree.

UK Syria airstrikes strategy carries risks

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Security ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government ◽  
Jeremy Corbyn

Significance The government is aligning itself with the emerging international strategy against ISG in Syria. Its push to participate in airstrikes in part reflects a wish to reassert the United Kingdom's role as an international security partner, especially to the United States and France. Impacts The government envisages airstrikes as being needed for at least 12-18 months. The United Kingdom will be important but secondary in the anti-ISG coalition, with the United States continuing to conduct most operations. In the interests of its anti-ISG strategy, the government will temper its insistence on Syrian President Bashar al-Assad stepping down. The risk of an Islamist terrorist attack in the United Kingdom will increase. If Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn comes to be seen as correct in his anti-airstrikes stance, it will further envenom relations on the left.

MiFID II will recast Europe’s financial landscape

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
October 17 ◽  
The Eu

Subject MiFID II implementation and compliance Significance The EU’s flagship investor protection reform -- the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) -- will come into force on January 3, 2018, Valdis Dombrovskis, the EU Commissioner responsible for financial stability, confirmed on October 17, saying that there would not be a further delay. Despite already having been given an extra year's extension, banks are struggling to comply in time because of the directive's complexity. Regulators, too, are behind in expanding their capacity to enforce it. Impacts Firms across the world that do any of their business within the EU will have to comply, not just those registered in the EU. All firms trading in financial instruments must comply but those where this is a small part of their business may be caught unawares. MiFID II will come into effect before the United Kingdom leaves the EU and is likely to be written into UK law post-Brexit. The United States is keen to deregulate, but US firms whose EU activity is not compliant will be punished, possibly harming US-EU relations.

Divergence on Chinese 5G strains 'Five Eyes' alliance

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Share ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

Subject Outlook for the Five Eyes alliance. Significance The stability of the Five Eyes intelligence sharing partnership between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States is under stress over Chinese participation in the members’ 5G telecommunications networks. Impacts Possible US concessions on the supply chains of Chinese firms would ease strain within the Five Eyes alliance. European corporates will redouble efforts to burnish their security credentials to capture 5G market share. London’s eventual decision on Huawei will influence the EU and Asian democracies.

China will stymie India’s UN Security Council agenda

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Stringent Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Significance The United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China are the body’s five permanent members. India wants to join that group. Impacts India-China border tensions could surge in early 2021, worsening bilateral relations. Delhi will deepen security ties with Washington and its other partners in the ‘Quad’ grouping, Tokyo and Canberra. India will push for more stringent selection of UN peacekeepers.

New UK government may threaten London’s Iran policy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Uk Government

Significance The aim is to maintain some political distance from the US policy towards Iran. The United Kingdom will be hoping for support from France, Germany and Spain, among others. Impacts European powers will be more inclined to support Hunt’s plans as they avoid direct alignment with the United States. Washington could put pressure on the Europeans to toughen their position on Iran in return for shipping security support. Iran will continue to apply pressure on the international community through additional threatening actions in the Gulf.

Opposition to China will grow in UK politics

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Subject UK opposition to China. Significance Conservative Party MPs are becoming increasingly concerned with China. They have set up the China Research Group (CRG), a backbench group dedicated to highlighting what they see as the increasing threat China poses to the health, wealth and security not just of the United Kingdom but to the West as a whole. Impacts Parliament will vote to reject Huawei’s involvement in the building of UK 5G unless the government reduces Huawei’s role substantially. The United Kingdom will look to cooperate with other large democracies in finding alternatives to Huawei. The government’s growing opposition to Huawei will make it somewhat easier to strike a free trade deal with the United States.

No backstop or no deal is Ireland’s Brexit dilemma

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
The Eu

Significance Despite the increasing risk and the implications of a no-deal Brexit, Ireland and the EU remain united in support of the main issue preventing a Brexit deal, the backstop. Impacts A time-limited backstop is the most likely prospect for a Brexit deal compromise. Under a no-deal Brexit, Ireland would be under pressure to implement border checks and controls in order to protect EU rules. No deal would make it harder for the United Kingdom to negotiate free-trade agreements with the EU and the United States.

scholarly journals Independent Emergence of Yersinia ruckeri Biotype 2 in the United States and Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3493-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Welch ◽  
David W. Verner-Jeffreys ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Thomas Wiklund ◽  
Jason P. Evenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
European Aquaculture ◽  
Development And Validation

ABSTRACTBiotype 2 (BT2) variants of the bacteriumYersinia ruckeriare an increasing disease problem in U.S. and European aquaculture and have been characterized as serovar 1 isolates that lack both peritrichous flagella and secreted phospholipase activity. The emergence of this biotype has been associated with an increased frequency of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) outbreaks in previously vaccinated salmonid fish. In this study, four independent specific natural mutations that cause the loss of both motility and secreted lipase activity were identified in BT2 strains from the United States, United Kingdom, and mainland Europe. Each of these was a unique mutation in eitherfliR,flhA, orflhB, all of which are genes predicted to encode essential components of the flagellar secretion apparatus. Our results demonstrate the existence of independent mutations leading to the BT2 phenotype; thus, this phenotype has emerged separately at least four times. In addition, BT2 strains from the United Kingdom were shown to have the same mutant allele found in U.S. BT2 strains, suggesting a common origin of this BT2 lineage. This differentiation of distinct BT2 lineages is of critical importance for the development and validation of alternative vaccines or other treatment strategies intended for the control of BT2 strains.

Pay ratio legislation in the United Kingdom: a prospect

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Akihito Imai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ratio Rule

Purpose The article examines a current debate over pay ratio rulemaking in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a rule that requires public companies to disclose the ratio of the annual pay of their chief executive officer to the median of their employees’ pay in 2015. The United Kingdom has considered making a similar rule under Prime Minister Theresa May. Design/methodology/approach The article provides a concise analysis of the current debate over a rule regarding pay ratio in the United Kingdom. It also highlights characteristics and concerns by comparing pay ratio disclosure in the United States. Findings The United Kingdom seems to have taken the first step toward pay ratio rule, similar to Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the so-called pay ratio disclosure. Some differences can however be found in manifestos and many issues and uncertainties still remain for rulemaking. Originality/value This article provides information on a prospect for a pay ratio rule in the United Kingdom.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document