scholarly journals Lessons from Microbes: What Can We Learn about Equity from Unculturable Bacteria?

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beronda L. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Unculturable Bacteria ◽  
Critical Needs

ABSTRACT Many microbiologists exhibit a fascination with unculturable bacteria. This intrigue can be expressed through curiosity about nutrient needs, as well as about parameters such as optimal temperature, oxygen levels, minimum and optimal light, or other such environmental factors. Microbiologists study organisms’ genetic language, as well as their environment of origin, for clues about essential factors or organisms’ need for coculture to support growth and thriving. We can learn many lessons about equity and stewardship-based engagement from the ways that microbiologists seek to understand how to cultivate unculturable bacteria, including the importance of understanding an organism’s language and community, replicating aspects of the environment of origin, an organism’s occasional need to transform aspects of its environment to persist, and the critical needs to provide a range of culture conditions to support diverse organisms. These lessons from the bacterial world provide guidance applicable to addressing human inequity in scientific communities, and beyond.

The importance of environmental factors in soil fertility assessments. I. Dry matter production

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Stefanson ◽  
N Collis-George
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Yield Responses

The importance of environmental factors on assessments of soil fertility was examined by means of pot experiments in the glasshouse. A preliminary experiment showed, over the course of 12 months of testing, that the fertility ratio varied with the season. In the main experiment each of two soils received nine chemical treatments in an omission-type experimental design. All chemical treatments were subjected to three different light regimes obtained by shading and to three soil temperatures. They were repeated at three different seasons of the year. Plants growing under acute mineral deficiency responded to changes in the environmental conditions and the deficiency became less acute the more the physical conditions favoured plant growth. Changes in environmental conditions were able to eliminate a marginal deficiency of plant nutrient. Because the results show many first and second order interactions between root temperature, light intensity and season, and because of the different yield responses to these factors for different soils and for different nutrients, an assessment of fertility by means of fertility ratios under one set of pot culture conditions cannot easily be applied to other situations.

scholarly journals Portable and Rapid Sequencing Device with Microbial Community-Guided Culture Strategies for Precious Field and Environmental Samples

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ning Ho ◽  
Yu-Ling Chen ◽  
Ding-Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Unculturable Bacteria ◽  
Culture Strategies ◽  
Environmental Microbes

Culturing unculturable bacteria is a classic microbiology challenge; to successfully culture unculturable bacteria, microbiologists work hard to create hundreds of culture conditions. To improve the success rate and efficiency of culturing a broad spectrum of environmental microbes, it is helpful to know more about the microbial community composition.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Siit Rattan (Daemonorops melanochaetes, Blume.) in The Coastal Forest of Tabanio Village, Takisung District, South Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Fajeriadi ◽  
Dharmono Dharmono
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproductive Phases

Indonesia as the largest archipelago country in the world has a vast coastline. Various types of ecosystems are scattered on the coast, one of which is coastal forest. One of the functions of coastal forests is as a habitat for flora, including rattan siit (Daemonorops melanochaetes, Blume.). Siit rattan has a fairly stable commercial value on the market. Its strong structure makes it attractive, not only nationally, even internationally. This study aims to determine the population structure of siit rattan in the coastal forest of Tabanio Village, Takisung District, Tanah Laut Regency. Data collection was done with total roaming techniques, namely along the coastal forest with a width of 50 m and a length of one thousand m to the south. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively. The age of siit rattan (Daemonorops melanochaetes, Blume.) includes a wide base pyramid, without any stopping or decaying of growth in the pre-reproductive and reproductive phases. Natality rattan siit went well, and almost did not experience mortality because the coastal forest of Tabanio Village was guarded by custom by the local community. Environmental factors that inhibit the reproductive rate of siit rattan are air temperatures that were too high from the optimal temperature of siit rattan breeding.

scholarly journals Large-scale in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum under atmospheric air

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crispim ◽  
Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer ◽  
Sofia F Silva ◽  
Alejandro Miguel Katzin
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Classical Methodology ◽  
The Media ◽  
Glass Bottles

Abstract Background: The most important tool for the study of the malaria parasite is probably the in vitro culture that was established in 1976 by Trager and Jensen. However, the methodology is technically complex, expensive, and unsuitable for use in laboratories and regions with limited resources. Human factors such as hormones and the immune system are frequently ignored, and the similarity between the in vitro culture conditions and physiologic-like environment has been questioned. One of the most controversial factors about Plasmodium culture is the gaseous composition employed in vitro, which consists of a mixture poor in O2 (1%–5%) and rich in CO2 (approximately 5%).Results: The requirement of employing commercial gaseous mixtures and their suitability for use in reusable glass bottles under agitation for culturing were assessed. The methodology presented here is suitable for small- and large-scale culturing in cell culture flasks or hermetic and sterile glass bottles in agitation and provides an easier and cheaper Plasmodium culture alternative, which dispenses several sophisticated technical requirements of the classical methodology. The parasite viability, free oxygen, and drug-screening assays under these conditions were compared with those in the classic conditions. The cultivation under atmospheric air did not substantially affect the free oxygen levels and parasitic proliferation for periods longer than two years. However, it changed atovaquone, artesunate, and chloroquine efficacy in a different ways across the different isolates. Oxygraphic experiments demonstrated that the free oxygen concentration contained in the media was slightly superior compared to both the human blood and the media employed the classical methodology.Conclusions: The results indicate that the described culture conditions are suitable for parasite maintenance and can be used to obtain high yields of parasite. Although parasites proliferate under various culture conditions, it is clear that it is necessary to evaluate the different gaseous conditions to validate an antimalarial candidate. With this, it will be possible to detect an oxygen level that encompasses the physiological oxygen levels of human blood. Since oxygen decreases through media layers, future studies should further explore the use of oxygen-rich mixtures as a strategy to expose static cultures to more physiologic-like conditions.

Enzymatic Treatment of Mulberry Bast to Pulping

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 351-353
Author(s):  
Mei Hong Niu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Qing Wei Ping
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Pectin Content

Bast fiber as raw material for bio-pulping has become a hot topic for its environmental-friendly and high quality fiber for paper in pulp and papermaking industry. In this paper, the reaction of the mulberry bast enzymatic pulping has been researched. It was treated with pectinase, find the best environmental factors, such as temperature and pH value, The results show that: from the changes of pectin content, pentosan content and Kappa number to determine the optimal temperature was 50°C, and pH value was 4.

Myogenesis in chick embryo somites in vitro

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
M. L. Ellison ◽  
E. J. Ambrose ◽  
G. C. Easty
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Latent Form

Evidence from a number of studies (e.g. Holtzer, 1964; Coon & Cahn, 1966; Konigsberg, 1963) has suggested that the differentiation of some types of cells in vitro may be influenced by environmental factors. Culture conditions can permit or prevent the phenotypic expression of characteristics already determined in the cells. The length of time involved in the stabilization of differentiation appears to vary widely according to the conditions of culture. Coon (1966), using chondrocytes, and Simpson & Cox (1967), using lizard tail regenerate, among other examples, have demonstated that determination could be maintained over many mitotic divisions in a latent form, before being expressed eventually under the stabilizing conditions. A range of environmental factors has been shown to be effective during stabilization, including protein constituents of the medium (Coon, 1966; Cahn & Cahn, 1966), conditioned medium (Konigsberg, 1963), cell density (Abbott & Holtzer, 1966; Umansky, 1966) and tissue mass (Grobstein, 1964; Wessells & Cohen, 1967).

scholarly journals Why Temperature Screening for COVID-19 with Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers Doesn’t Work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F Wright ◽  
Philip A Mackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 screening can evaluate large numbers of patients while reducing healthcare exposures and limiting further spread of the virus. Temperature screening has been a focal point of case detection during the pandemic as it is one of the earliest and most frequently reported manifestations of the illness. We describe important factors to consider of screened individuals as well as the measurement process and current outcomes. Optimal temperature-based screening involves both individual and environmental factors as well as reconsideration of the current fever threshold.

Biosynthesis of γ-Decalactone with Lipase-Catalyzed Resolution from Castor Oil by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Shun Li Cao ◽  
Qian Qian Li ◽  
Shao Feng Rong ◽  
Bao Guo Cai ◽  
Shi Min Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Porcine Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Optimal Temperature

Castor oil is the main feedstock to produce γ-decalactone among many materials. In this paper, an approach to efficiently improve the production of γ-decalactone by adding porcine pancreatic lipase was described. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the highest production efficiency of γ-decalactone was firstly selected from ten yeasts. Then, the culture conditions were optimized. During the fermentation at an optimal temperature of 35°C, adding 1.0g L-1 porcine pancreatic lipase and 4g L-1 Tween 80 promoted the capacity of γ-decalactone production. With supplement of 1% castor oil at the 24 h, γ-decalactone production reached as high as 3.10g L-1 after a fermentation of 64 h. The production increased about 20-fold compared with the fermentation without adding porcine pancreatic lipase.

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