The Missions of the Regional Pedagogical University: Post-Non-Classical Understanding

Pedagogical universities are in the area of great attention from the society and the state because of their increasing role in forming the human capital of the territories. The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity and possibility of creating a mission and strategy for the development of pedagogical universities in (macro) regions on the basis of a post-non-classical understanding of pedagogical education. Methodology and methods: to construct the mission of the pedagogical university, claiming to play an active role in the ecosystem of education in the region, the post-non-classical methodology was used in understanding pedagogical education as an open, system-synergetic approach (ecosystem as its kind), as well as the typical of the post-non-classical methodology, methods of reconstructing the experience of designing an open pedagogical education in a heterogeneous (academic and teaching) professional community. Research results: three missions of the regional pedagogical university are characterized: education, research and impact on society, from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach and the concept of an entrepreneurial university. A pedagogical university acts as a key element of the ecosystem if it demonstrates an entrepreneurial type of behavior, overcomes resource constraints due to the dominance of the third mission over education and research, subordinating them to the task of creating a cohort of agents of change – vanguard groups of future a working teachers in the territory. Conclusion: the missions of the pedagogical university should be subordinated to the influence on the entire pedagogical corps of the region by increasing the density of connections in educational and professional communities.

Ensuring cleanliness and health of flax crops when treated with new pesticides

Plant protection measures in flax cultivation should provide sufficiently clean from weeds, healthy sowings, forming the crop of necessary quality level, corresponding to economic and ecological criteria of modern agrotechnologies. The work aims to find promising herbicidal and protectivestimulating agents for providing cleanness from weeds and the health of flax crops when treating them with new pesticides, contributing to increasing the yield and quality of flax products. According to the classical methodology of scientific agronomy, the main experiments were carried out in the fields of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre for Bast Crop, Flax Research Institute in the Tver region. As a result of experiments in 2018-2020, the herbicide Shanti and its mixture with Shanstrel 300 showed relatively high biological efficacy in protecting flax against dicotyledonous weeds. Furthermore, the addition of graminicides Haloshans or Cletoshans, growth regulator Artafit or fungicide Zimoshans to anti-wort herbicides did not reduce the effectiveness of the drug mixtures on dicotyledonous weeds and eliminated cereal weeds in crops. Additionally, Artafit and Zimoshans effectively protected flax from pasmo and other diseases, naturally increasing the yield of flax products. Its maximum values in the experiment were obtained in the variant of Artafit application together with herbicides. The use of Artafit had a positive effect on the quality of flax straw, increased it by 1-2 grades (from 2.00 to 2.50).

Comparative Study of Several Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Unifloral Honeys

Unifloral honeys are highly demanded by honey consumers, especially in Europe. To ensure that a honey belongs to a very appreciated botanical class, the classical methodology is palynological analysis to identify and count pollen grains. Highly trained personnel are needed to perform this task, which complicates the characterization of honey botanical origins. Organoleptic assessment of honey by expert personnel helps to confirm such classification. In this study, the ability of different machine learning (ML) algorithms to correctly classify seven types of Spanish honeys of single botanical origins (rosemary, citrus, lavender, sunflower, eucalyptus, heather and forest honeydew) was investigated comparatively. The botanical origin of the samples was ascertained by pollen analysis complemented with organoleptic assessment. Physicochemical parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, water content, carbohydrates and color of unifloral honeys were used to build the dataset. The following ML algorithms were tested: penalized discriminant analysis (PDA), shrinkage discriminant analysis (SDA), high-dimensional discriminant analysis (HDDA), nearest shrunken centroids (PAM), partial least squares (PLS), C5.0 tree, extremely randomized trees (ET), weighted k-nearest neighbors (KKNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) with linear and radial kernels and extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBoost). The ML models were optimized by repeated 10-fold cross-validation primarily on the basis of log loss or accuracy metrics, and their performance was compared on a test set in order to select the best predicting model. Built models using PDA produced the best results in terms of overall accuracy on the test set. ANN, ET, RF and XGBoost models also provided good results, while SVM proved to be the worst.

Alternative methodologies for economic evaluation of strategic investment projects

The authors compare UNIDO methodology and traditional methodology of evaluating effectiveness of investment which was widely spread in the Soviet time. The latter has been undeservedly forgotten, but at the same time it is a pragmatic alternative for the UNIDO methodology. The article depicts the basic drawbacks of the UNIDO methodology. The main one is its inconsistency of interests of an economic entity to the growing production and cost savings. If an economic entity implements this methodology, it is likely to face great risks of various nature. The traditional approach makes calculations significantly simpler, increases their accuracy and reduces risks. The author points out the basic provisions of the classical methodology, such as evaluation of the efficiency of capital investments, basic indicators of economic effectiveness of investment, production tasks which require evaluation of economic effectiveness of investment. Use of the traditional approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the costs for preparing the feasibility study of an investment project. The author considers the criteria of effectiveness of the traditional methodology which are adapted to the modern practice. The main advantages of the classical methodology are its focus on economic result which corresponds to the trend on the economic growth and social results in realization of national projects. Classical methodology of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects can become a competitive alternative of a widespread UNIDO methodology. The alternative can be of interest for the federal executive bodies (for example, for the Ministry for Economic Development of the Russian Federation) in evaluating effectiveness of the national investment projects.

The Combined Use of Lachancea thermotolerans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (former Lactobacillus plantarum) in Wine Technology

Most commercialized red wines are produced through alcoholic fermentation performed by yeasts of the Saccharomyces genus, and a second fermentation performed by lactic bacteria of the Oenococus oeni species once the first is completely finished. However, the classical process can suffer complications, of which the risks can increase in grape juices with high contents of sugar and pH. Due to climate change, these situations are becoming more common in the winemaking industry. The main risks in those scenarios are alcoholic-fermentation stops or sluggish and undesirable bacteria development while alcoholic fermentation is not finished yet and wine still contains residual sugars. The study propose a novel alternative that offers a solution or reduces the risk of those scenarios while increasing acidity, which is another serious problem of warm viticulture regions. The alternative consists of the combined use of Lachancea thermotolerans to reduce the pH of musts that suffer from a lack of acidity, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) to achieve malic acid stability during the first stages of alcoholic fermentation, and Saccharomyces bayanus to complete the alcoholic fermentation in difficult wines of high potential alcohol degree of over 15% (v/v). The new proposed biotechnology produced wines with higher final concentrations in lactic acid, glycerol, color intensity, ethyl lactate and 2-phenyl ethyl acetate in 2.39 g/L, 0.52 g/L, 21%, 48% and 37% respectively than the classical methodology where Saccharomyces genus performs alcoholic fermentation and later Oenococus oeni performs malolactic fermentation. Additionally, the new alternative produced wines with lower concentration in ethanol, pH, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, diacetyl and 1-propanol in 0.37% (v/v), 0.26, 0.08 g/L, 22%, 69% and 28% respectively than the classic method.

About quality of dissertations, or this strange GOST

Examined is relevance of a subject of work is caused by the continuing deterioration of dissertation works. Therefore, article purpose is to define the system reason of deterioration of training of the top skills by the analysis of contents and structure of theses. The main shortcomings of dissertations, and understanding of their structural elements by applicants of an academic degree by communication with them in the course of preparation and carrying out preliminary protection of these were analyzed. Results of the analysis were compared to requirements of classical methodology and to interpretation of these requirements in the methodical managements and in publications. The essential system reason of decline in quality of dissertation works is in their traditional unsystematic structure, whith investigation withdrawal from scientific methodology and particular leveling of motivation to the analysis of a condition of a question and the received results of researches and also to system approach to the thesis, need of strengthening of methodological training of graduate students according to the uniform nation-wide program providing system approach to the organization of researches for all scientific specialties, and processing’s of the “Thesis and Abstract of the Thesis” standard according to classical requirements of scientific methodology and the system approach to dissertation work Is shown. The system scheme of the thesis, which can make a manual basis is the practical guide to organization and performance of dissertation work for training of graduate students and applicants is offered.

A One-Pot Approach to Novel Pyridazine C-Nucleosides

The synthesis of glycosides and modified nucleosides represents a wide research field in organic chemistry. The classical methodology is based on coupling reactions between a glycosyl donor and an acceptor. An alternative strategy for new C-nucleosides is used in this approach, which consists of modifying a pre-existent furyl aglycone. This approach is applied to obtain novel pyridazine C-nucleosides starting with 2- and 3-(ribofuranosyl)furans. It is based on singlet oxygen [4+2] cycloaddition followed by reduction and hydrazine cyclization under neutral conditions. The mild three-step one-pot procedure leads stereoselectively to novel pyridazine C-nucleosides of pharmacological interest. The use of acetyls as protecting groups provides an elegant direct route to a deprotected new pyridazine C-nucleoside.

Machine Learning-Based Methodology for Assessment of Doppler Reactivity of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

In order to close nuclear fuel cycle and address the problem of sustainability, advanced nuclear reactor systems of the fourth generation are in the focus of the research for many years. With a simple goal of supporting this research, machine learning-based methodology for the assessment of the Doppler reactivity has been developed and applied to the European Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) in the frame of the ESFR-Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools (SMART) Horizon-2020 project. In the scope of this study, a database of the precise Monte Carlo (MC) calculations was prepared and used to train artificial neural network (ANN) as a surrogate model to assess the Doppler reactivity across the range of reactor conditions that could occur throughout the life of the reactor core, in fast, yet accurate manner. The database was generated for all the combinations of several core parameters carefully predefined in order to account for both operational and accidental states of the core. Subsequently, Doppler reactivity change as a function of the above-mentioned parameters was assessed by herein developed methodology, as well as by widely used logarithmic dependence of the Doppler reactivity on the fuel temperature and compared to the results of the precise MC simulations. This study proves that, if certain computational resources are allocated to the database generation and ANN training, newly developed methodology yields similar or even more accurate results compared to the classical methodology and at the same time provides a tool for parameterization and interpolation of Doppler reactivity not only on the fuel temperature but also on the other parameters characterizing core of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR).

Classical “non-classical” metodology of analysis by M. D. Tits (to upcoming 125th birthday of the scholar)

Background. The goal of given article is to reveal methodology of M. D. Tits’s analysis on the premise of textbook “About thematic and compositional structure of musical pieces” (1972), to comprehend uniqueness, innovation and research value of some theoretical postulates in his approach to analysis of a melody, to typology of themes, thematic development and period. The study of the methodology of Tits’s analysis was not the subject of a special study. This is the scientific novelty of the proposed article. Conclusions. Textbook “About thematic and compositional structure of musical pieces” is a synthesis between a textbook and scholar research. It is founded on non-classical methodology of analysis of musical work, supposing start of the course not from basic elements of musical language, but from complex holistic phenomena of melody, themes, period. M. D. Tits’s methodology might be seen as some sort of resistance to analysis of abstract, dogmatic superficial approach. Non-classical methodological approach on the new level and in conditions of a new genre (textbook) continues tradition of classical analysis, founded by E. Kurt, B. Asafyev, M. Arkadyev, regarding process of musical form, as well as connected with another researchers of energetic and intonational essence of music. M. D. Tits’s textbook showed new level of theoretical generalization due to encyclopaedical knowledge of the author. The course embraces different eras, styles, genres, compositional techniques. M. D. Tits’s approach to melody, unlike one of L. A. Mazel, is mainly a teaching on melodical movement, where it is not notes that are important, but the movements from one tone to another, connections between sounds, inside the pauses. This analysis supposes unique results as it embraces intuitive and sensual comprehension of melodic process. The textbook contains valuable thought about diversity of forms of thematic material. M. D. Tits distinguished three main types of themes, introduced concept of “thematic nucleus” on thematicism. M. D. Tits suggested the most comprehensive classification of four main principles of thematic development, without contradictions between levels of motives and themes; without terminology burdened by connotations with defined musical forms. M. D. Tits developed classification of period on the basis of structural and thematic factors. He introduced period of “unfolding” type, with its variants reaching outside the baroque era. We must state that this article outlines the most basic moments of M. D. Tits’s methodology of analysis in his textbook. However, the significance if the theoretic scholar for analysis and practice is much bigger and can not be limited to these postulates.

The Art of Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products via Microwaves

: Natural products are the most effective source of potential drug leads. The total synthesis of bioactive natural products plays a crucial role to confirm the hypothetical complex structure of natural products in the laboratory. The total synthesis of rare bioactive natural products is one of the great challenges for the organic synthetic community due to their complex structures, biochemical specificity, and stubborn stereochemistry. Subsequently, the total synthesis is a long process in several cases and it requires a substantial amount of time. Microwave irradiation has emerged as a greener tool in organic methodologies to reduce reaction times from days and hours to minutes and seconds. Moreover, this non-classical methodology increases product yields and purities, improves reproducibility, modifications of selectivity, simplification of work-up methods, and reduces unwanted side reactions. Such beneficial qualities have stimulated this review to cover the application of microwave irradiation in the field of the total synthesis of bioactive natural products for the first time during the last decade. An overview of the use of microwave irradiation, natural sources, structures, and biological activities of secondary metabolites is presented elegantly, focusing on the involvement of at least one or more steps by microwave irradiation as a green technique.