scholarly journals Bacteriophage Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Fracture-Related Infection Caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a Preclinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Onsea ◽  
Virginia Post ◽  
Tim Buchholz ◽  
Hella Schwegler ◽  
Stephan Zeiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Because of the growing spread of antimicrobial resistance, the use of alternative prevention and treatment strategies is gaining interest. Although the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages has been demonstrated in a number of case reports and series over the past decade, many unanswered questions remain regarding the optimal application protocol.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and Their Derivatives as Biotherapeutic Agents in Disease Prevention and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elbreki ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
Jim O'Mahony ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Peptidoglycan Hydrolases

The application of bacteriophages for the elimination of pathogenic bacteria has received significantly increased attention world-wide in the past decade. This is borne out by the increasing prevalence of bacteriophage-specific conferences highlighting significant and diverse advances in the exploitation of bacteriophages. While bacteriophage therapy has been associated with the Former Soviet Union historically, since the 1990s, it has been widely and enthusiastically adopted as a research topic in Western countries. This has been justified by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in many prominent human pathogenic bacteria. Discussion of the therapeutic aspects of bacteriophages in this review will include the uses of whole phages as antibacterials and will also describe studies on the applications of purified phage-derived peptidoglycan hydrolases, which do not have the constraint of limited bacterial host-range often observed with whole phages.

scholarly journals Trends of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from urine cultures of women in Jordan: A 10-year retrospective study

10.3823/849 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abdulkarim Alrabayah ◽  
Nisreen Abdel-kareem Nadi ◽  
Aiman Mohammad Suleiman ◽  
Ala' Mohammad Abbad ◽  
Hadil Simon Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Medical Condition

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common medical condition among women. E.coli is the most common causative organism. Appropriate understanding of the development of antimicrobial resistance over the past helps to establish efficient treatment strategies in the future. The study aims to discover antimicrobial resistance trends exhibited by E.coli strains isolated from women urine cultures over the past 10 years. Methods: A total of 1874 affected urine samples over the years 2009 to 2018 were collectively reviewed and classified according to the response they showed to 24 different antimicrobial disks in the laboratory. Relations between time and resistance evolutionary profiles were calculated. Results: Gentamicin (p value =0.039), Augmentin (p value =0.017), Cefoxitin (p value =0.001), Cefixime (p value =0.026) fulfilled satisfactory figures in terms of average resistance, regression of resistance, speed of resistance evolution, steadiness of performance, side effects, spectrum range and cost with high significance. Conclusion: Drugs that showed satisfactory figures are recommended for future treatment protocols in Jordan.  

A review of antimicrobial resistance in Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Blondeau ◽  
D Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Basic Level

Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Over the past 10 years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. This review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial antimicrobial resistance issues in Canada with particular emphasis given to the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In addition, future concerns and programs for ongoing surveillance are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in the management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: what have we learned?

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Neligan ◽  
Sanjeev Rajakulendran ◽  
Matthew C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class A ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Convulsive status epilepticus is the most serious manifestation of an epileptic diathesis. In the early stages (5–30 min), there exists class A evidence to support the efficacy of benzodiazepines as first-line treatment. As status epilepticus progresses into the later stages, the evidence for treatment becomes less robust until we are depending upon short case series and case reports for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. However, the past year saw the publication of three randomized controlled trials in the setting of benzodiazepine-resistant established convulsive status epilepticus: the EcLiPSE and ConSEPT studies, compared levetiracetam to phenytoin in children; and the ESETT study compared fosphenytoin, levetiracetam and sodium valproate in adults and children. In addition, the emergence of data from the SENSE study, a multicentre multinational prospective cohort study and the publication of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the mortality of status epilepticus over the past 30 years, has brought the treatment of status epilepticus into sharp focus. In this update we provide a detailed analysis of these studies and their impact on clinical practice. We review contentious areas of management in status epilepticus where a consensus is lacking and advance the case for more research on existing and alternative treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The spread and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in South African dairy herds – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Karzis ◽  
Inge-Marie Petzer ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
Edward F. Donkin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Health Concept

Staphylococcus aureus is internationally recognised as a principal agent of mastitis and the foremost reason for economic loss in the dairy industry. The limited data available on organism-specific antibiotic resistance surveillance in dairy cattle have stimulated the need for such a review article. The objective of this study was to review relevant literature on antimicrobial resistance of mastitis-causing staphylococci isolated from dairy cows in South Africa compared to other countries. Factors relating to the incidence of mastitis and treatment strategies in terms of the One Health concept and food security were included. The Web of Science (all databases) and relevant websites were used, and articles not written in English were excluded. The incidence of mastitis varied between South Africa and other countries. Antimicrobial resistance patterns caused by S. aureus also varied in regions within Southern Africa and those of other countries although some similarities were shown. Antimicrobial resistance differed between S. aureus bacteria that were maltose positive and negative (an emerging pathogen). The results highlighted the importance of the availability of organism-specific surveillance data of the incidence of mastitis and antibiotic resistance for specific countries and within similar climatic conditions. Accurate knowledge about whether a specific pathogen is resistant to an antibiotic within a certain climate, country, area or farm should reduce the incidence of unnecessary or incorrect treatment with antibiotics. This should enable dairy farmers to deal with these organisms in a more effective manner. Therefore such research should be ongoing.

Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Centre in North India

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Javaid Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shariq Rashid Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
North India ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

Apropos to the article by Dr Bali, titled “Mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care centre of North India” (1), the authors have raised important issue of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. As per WHO, AMR lurks the effective prevention and management of an ever-increasing spectrum of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Novel resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening the man’s ability to treat common infectious diseases.

Partial Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use of Depo-Provera

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah Zainordin ◽  
Fatimah Zaherah Mohamed Shah ◽  
Rohana Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Adrenal Suppression ◽  
Private Pharmacy ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depo Provera

A 49-year old patient presented with symptoms of adrenal suppression following an attempt to withdraw Depo-Provera or Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection. She had been receiving DMPA injections for the past 16 years for contraception. She was initially prescribed DMPA by her gynaecologist but later on began obtaining the medication directly from a private pharmacy without prior consultation from her gynaecologist. Clinically, she had been experiencing significant weight gain and appeared cushingoid. Blood investigations confirmed partial adrenal suppression with presence of an adrenal incidentaloma. This case reports a known side effect of DMPA but occurring at a much lower dose than previously described. It also highlights the need to increase the awareness of the insidious side effect of DMPA and to avoid unsupervised use of the drug.

The Medicinal Chemistry of Therapeutic Peptides: Recent Developments in Synthesis and Design Optimizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 2330-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anutthaman Parthasarathy ◽  
Sasikala K. Anandamma ◽  
Karunakaran A. Kalesh
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recombinant Production ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Therapeutic Peptides ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Peptide therapeutics has made tremendous progress in the past decade. Many of the inherent weaknesses of peptides which hampered their development as therapeutics are now more or less effectively tackled with recent scientific and technological advancements in integrated drug discovery settings. These include recent developments in synthetic organic chemistry, high-throughput recombinant production strategies, highresolution analytical methods, high-throughput screening options, ingenious drug delivery strategies and novel formulation preparations. Here, we will briefly describe the key methodologies and strategies used in the therapeutic peptide development processes with selected examples of the most recent developments in the field. The aim of this review is to highlight the viable options a medicinal chemist may consider in order to improve a specific pharmacological property of interest in a peptide lead entity and thereby rationally assess the therapeutic potential this class of molecules possesses while they are traditionally (and incorrectly) considered ‘undruggable’.

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