scholarly journals Comparison of the Responses of Soil Fungal Community to Straw, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Compost in a Farmland in the Loess Plateau

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Yin ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Huhe ◽  
Yunxiang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Loessial Soil ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Occurrence Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Determining the response of soil fungi in sensitive ecosystems to external environmental disturbances is an important, yet little-known, topic in microbial ecology. In this study, we evaluated the impact of traditional fertilization management practices on the composition, co-occurrence pattern, and functional groups of fungal communities in loessial soil.

scholarly journals Response of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Composition to Varying Levels of Bamboo Biochar in Red Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Lili Fan ◽  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Jundong Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
The Impact

Soil fungi play a vital role in soil nutrient dynamics, but knowledge of their diversity and community composition in response to biochar addition into red soil is either limited or inconsistent. Therefore, we determined the impact of bamboo biochar (BB) with increasing concentrations (0, 5, 20, and 80 g kg−1 of soil, referred to as B0, BB5, BB20, and BB80, respectively) on soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities (Illumina high-throughput sequencing) in red soil under Fokenia hodginsii (Fujian cypress). We found that increasing BB levels effectively raised the soil pH and soil nutrients, particularly under BB80. BB addition significantly increased the relative abundance of important genera, i.e., Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Chytridiomycota that could play a key role in ecological functioning, e.g., wood degradation and litter decomposition, improvement in plant nutrients uptake, and resistance to several abiotic stress factors. Soil amended with BB exhibited a substantial ability to increase the fungal richness and diversity; BB80 > BB20 > BB5 > B0. Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Rozellomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Kickxellomycota, and Planctomycetes were positively associated with soil pH, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon, and available potassium and phosphorous. Besides, the correlation analysis between the soil fungal communities and soil properties also showed that soil pH was the most influential factor in shaping the soil fungal communities in the red soil. These findings have significant implications for a comprehensive understanding of how to ameliorate acidic soils with BB addition, as well as for future research on sustainable forest management, which might increase soil fungi richness, diversity, and functionality in acidic soils.

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Fungal Communities to Lime Application in Wheat Fields in the Pacific Northwest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Daniel C. Schlatter ◽  
Duncan R. Kroese ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
Christina H. Hagerty
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
The Impact

Liming is an effective agricultural practice and is broadly used to ameliorate soil acidification in agricultural ecosystems. Our understanding of the impacts of lime application on the soil fungal community is scarce. In this study, we explored the responses of fungal communities to liming at two locations with decreasing soil pH in Oregon in the Pacific Northwest using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Our results revealed that the location and liming did not significantly affect soil fungal diversity and richness, and the impact of soil depth on fungal diversity varied among locations. In contrast, location and soil depth had a strong effect on the structure and composition of soil fungal communities, whereas the impact of liming was much smaller, and location- and depth-dependent. Interestingly, families Lasiosphaeriaceae, Piskurozymaceae, and Sordariaceae predominated in the surface soil (0–7.5 cm) and were positively correlated with soil OM and aluminum, and negatively correlated with pH. The family Kickxellaceae which predominated in deeper soil (15–22.5 cm), had an opposite response to soil OM. Furthermore, some taxa in Ascomycota, such as Hypocreales, Peziza and Penicillium, were increased by liming at one of the locations (Moro). In conclusion, these findings suggest that fungal community structure and composition rather than fungal diversity responded to location, soil depth and liming. Compared to liming, location and depth had a stronger effect on the soil fungal community, but some specific fungal taxa shifted with lime application.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in soil fungal communities and co-occurrence networks along an altitudinal gradient in the cold temperate zone of China: A case study on Oakley Mountain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuchun Yang ◽  
Lixue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Relative Abundances

AbstractThe biogeography of soil fungi has attracted much attention in recent years; however, studies on this topic have mainly focused on mid- and low-altitude regions. The seasonal patterns of soil fungal community structure and diversity along altitudinal gradients under the unique climatic conditions at high latitudes remain unclear, which limits our insight into soil microbial interactions and the mechanisms of community assembly. In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in soil fungal communities along an altitudinal gradient (from 750 m to 1420 m) on Oakley Mountain in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains. Altitude had significant impacts on the relative abundances of the dominant phyla and classes of soil fungi, and the interaction of altitude and season significantly affected the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The number of soil fungal taxa and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) index tended to monotonically decline with increasing elevation. Soil moisture (SM), soil temperature (ST) and pH were the main factors affecting fungal community structure in May, July and September, respectively. The soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content significantly shaped the soil fungal community composition along the altitudinal gradient throughout the growing season. Compared to that in May and July, the soil fungal network in September had more nodes and links, a higher average degree and a higher average clustering coefficient. The nine module nodes in the co-occurrence network were all Ascomycota taxa, and the identities of the keystone taxa of soil fungi in the network showed obvious seasonality. Our results demonstrated that altitude has stronger effects than season on soil fungal community structure and diversity at high latitudes. In addition, the co-occurrence network of soil fungi exhibited obvious seasonal succession, which indicated that the keystone taxa of soil fungi exhibit niche differentiation among seasons.

scholarly journals Legacy Effects Overshadow Tree Diversity Effects on Soil Fungal Communities in Oil Palm-Enrichment Plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Johannes Ballauff ◽  
Delphine Clara Zemp ◽  
Dominik Schneider ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Financially profitable large-scale cultivation of oil palm monocultures in previously diverse tropical rain forest areas constitutes a major ecological crisis today. Not only is a large proportion of the aboveground diversity lost, but the belowground soil microbiome, which is important for the sustainability of soil function, is massively altered. Intermixing oil palms with native tree species promotes vegetation biodiversity and stand structural complexity in plantations, but the impact on soil fungi remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the diversity and community composition of soil fungi three years after tree diversity enrichment in an oil palm plantation in Sumatra (Indonesia). We tested the effects of tree diversity, stand structural complexity indices, and soil abiotic conditions on the diversity and community composition of soil fungi. We hypothesized that the enrichment experiment alters the taxonomic and functional community composition, promoting soil fungal diversity. Fungal community composition was affected by soil abiotic conditions (pH, N, and P), but not by tree diversity and stand structural complexity indices. These results suggest that intensive land use and abiotic filters are a legacy to fungal communities, overshadowing the structuring effects of the vegetation, at least in the initial years after enrichment plantings.

scholarly journals Influence of soil fungi community in selected mountain stands on the development of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholt.

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

A trial based on the method of biotic series (M a ń k a, 1974) was undertaken in order to study the effect of the fungal communities isolated from the soil, rhizosphere, roots, and mycorhiza of silver fir self-seed on the development of a parasitic fungus <em>Cylindrocarpon destructans</em> (Zins.) Scholt., which causes dying of fir seedlings in some mountain forests (K o w a l s k i, 1980a). It was found that on the plots where the self-regeneration of the fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mil.) was good the resistance index of the investigated soil fungal community was about four times as high as in the plots where no self-seed of silver fir was observed.

scholarly journals Total nitrogen is the main soil property associated with soil fungal community in karst rocky desertification regions in southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daihua Qi ◽  
Xuwen Wieneke ◽  
Peipei Xue ◽  
Li He ◽  
Udaya DeSilva
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Karst Rocky Desertification ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
The Impact

AbstractKarst rocky desertification (KRD) is a type of land deterioration, resulting in the degraded soil and a delicate ecosystem. Previous studies focused on the influence of KRD on the animals and plants, the impact of KRD on microorganisms, especially soil fungi remains to be discovered. This study reveals the change in the soil fungal community in response to KRD progression in southwest China. Illumina HiSeq was used to survey the soil fungal community. Results showed that the soil fungal community in the severe KRD (SKRD) was noticeably different from that in other KRD areas. Statistical analyses suggested that soil TN was the primary factor associated with the fungal community, followed by pH. Phylum Ascomycota was significantly abundant in non-degraded soils; whereas Basidiomycota predominated in SKRD. The ratio of Ascomycota/Basidiomycota significantly decreased along with KRD progression, which might be used as an indicator of KRD severity. Phylum Basidiomycota was sensitive to changes in all the soil properties but AP. Genus Sebacina might have the potential to promote vegetation and land restoration in KRD areas. This study fills a gap of knowledge on changes in soil fungal communities in accordance with KRD progression.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

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