scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN THE EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION OF HYDROTHERMAL FEATURES IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, WYOMING

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Blackwood ◽  
◽  
Lainee A. Sanders ◽  
Stacy I. Gantt-Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
And Function

Microstructure of high-temperature (>73 °C) siliceous sinter deposited around hot springs and geysers, Yellowstone National Park: the role of biological and abiological processes in sedimentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1611-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R Lowe ◽  
Deena Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Temperature Sinter ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Siliceous Sinter ◽  
High Temperature Sinter

Slightly alkaline hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone National Park exhibit distinctive assemblages of high-temperature (>73 °C) siliceous sinter reflecting local hydrodynamic conditions. The main depositional zones include subaqueous pool and channel bottoms and intermittently wetted subaerial splash, surge, and overflow areas. Subaqueous deposits include particulate siliceous sediment and dendritic and microbial silica framework. Silica framework forms thin, porous, microbe-rich films coating subaqueous surfaces. Spicules with intervening narrow crevices dominate in splash zones. Surge and overflow deposits include pool and channel rims, columns, and knobs. In thin section, subaerial sinter is composed of (i) dark brown, nearly opaque laminated sinter deposited on surfaces that evaporate to dryness; (ii) clear translucent silica deposited subaqueously through precipitation driven by supersaturation; (iii) heterogeneous silica representing silica-encrusted microbial filaments and detritus; and (iv) sinter debris. Brownish laminations form the framework of most sinter deposited in surge and overflow zones. Pits and cavities are common architectural features of subaerial sinter and show concave-upward pseudo-cross-laminations and micro-unconformities developed through migration. Marked birefringence of silica deposited on surfaces that evaporate to dryness is probably a strain effect. Repeated wetting and evaporation, often to dryness, and capillary effects control the deposition, morphology, and microstructure of most high-temperature sinter outside of the fully subaqueous zone. Microbial filaments are abundant on and within high-temperature sinter but do not provide the main controls on morphology or structuring except in biofilms developed on subaqueous surfaces. Millimetre-scale lamination cyclicity in much high-temperature sinter represents annual layering and regular seasonal fluctuations in silica sedimentation.

scholarly journals Pyrobaculum yellowstonensis Strain WP30 Respires on Elemental Sulfur and/or Arsenate in Circumneutral Sulfidic Geothermal Sediments of Yellowstone National Park

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5907-5916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Jay ◽  
J. P. Beam ◽  
A. Dohnalkova ◽  
R. Lohmayer ◽  
B. Bodle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Metagenome Sequence

ABSTRACTThermoproteales(phylumCrenarchaeota) populations are abundant in high-temperature (>70°C) environments of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and are important in mediating the biogeochemical cycles of sulfur, arsenic, and carbon. The objectives of this study were to determine the specific physiological attributes of the isolatePyrobaculum yellowstonensisstrain WP30, which was obtained from an elemental sulfur sediment (Joseph's Coat Hot Spring [JCHS], 80°C, pH 6.1, 135 μM As) and relate this organism to geochemical processes occurringin situ. Strain WP30 is a chemoorganoheterotroph and requires elemental sulfur and/or arsenate as an electron acceptor. Growth in the presence of elemental sulfur and arsenate resulted in the formation of thioarsenates and polysulfides. The complete genome of this organism was sequenced (1.99 Mb, 58% G+C content), revealing numerous metabolic pathways for the degradation of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Multiple dimethyl sulfoxide-molybdopterin (DMSO-MPT) oxidoreductase genes, which are implicated in the reduction of sulfur and arsenic, were identified. Pathways for thede novosynthesis of nearly all required cofactors and metabolites were identified. The comparative genomics ofP. yellowstonensisand the assembled metagenome sequence from JCHS showed that this organism is highly related (∼95% average nucleotide sequence identity) toin situpopulations. The physiological attributes and metabolic capabilities ofP. yellowstonensisprovide an important foundation for developing an understanding of the distribution and function of these populations in YNP.

scholarly journals The distribution, diversity and function of predominant Thermoproteales in high-temperature environments of Yellowstone National Park

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4755-4769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackary J. Jay ◽  
Jacob P. Beam ◽  
Mark A. Kozubal ◽  
Ryan deM. Jennings ◽  
Douglas B. Rusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Differential wolf-pack-size persistence and the role of risk when hunting dangerous prey

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 1473-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Barber-Meyer ◽  
L. David Mech ◽  
Wesley E. Newton ◽  
Bridget L. Borg
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Pack Size ◽  
Alces Americanus ◽  
Denali National Park

Risk to predators hunting dangerous prey is an emerging area of research and could account for possible persistent differences in gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack sizes. We documented significant differences in long-term wolf-pack-size averages and variation in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Denali National Park and Preserve, Yellowstone National Park, and Yukon, Canada (). The SNF differences could be related to the wolves’ risk when hunting primary prey, for those packs () hunting moose (Alces americanus) were significantly larger than those () hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (, ). Our data support the hypothesis that differential pack-size persistence may be perpetuated by differences in primary prey riskiness to wolves, and we highlight two important extensions of this idea: (1) the potential for wolves to provision and defend injured packmates from other wolves and (2) the importance of less-risky, buffer prey to pack-size persistence and year-to-year variation.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ISSUES OF THE OPEN-AIR ECO-MUSEUMS IN THE TOM’ RIVER VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Валерий Кимеев ◽  
V. Kimeev
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
River Valley ◽  
State University ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Budgetary Institutions ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
And Function

<p>The paper features environmental problems of the protected natural landscape zones of the two ecomuseums – The Tazgol in Mountain Shoriya and the Tyulbersky Gorodok. Both the museums are located in the Kuzbass Tom’ River Valley (Pritomye) and function as independent municipal budgetary institutions. The research project included a number of actions aimed at creating engineering infrastructure, preservation and restoration of both the territory of the ecomuseums and the surrounding natural landscape. The paper reveals some issues that may interfere with these plans and the role of the local authorities, other organizations and local population in their implementation. It offers some solutions for these complex problems by joint efforts of museum staff, local municipal authorities, departments of culture, forest complex, ecology and natural resources of the Administration of the Kemerovo region and various local enterprises, such as the Kemerovo State University practice bases, the Shor National Park, travel companies, etc.).<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial ecotypes in the microbial mat community of Mushroom Spring (Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming) as species-like units linking microbial community composition, structure and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1475) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Ward ◽  
Mary M Bateson ◽  
Michael J Ferris ◽  
Michael Kühl ◽  
Andrea Wieland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical And Chemical

We have investigated microbial mats of alkaline siliceous hot springs in Yellowstone National Park as natural model communities to learn how microbial populations group into species-like fundamental units. Here, we bring together empirical patterns of the distribution of molecular variation in predominant mat cyanobacterial populations, theory-based modelling of how to demarcate phylogenetic clusters that correspond to ecological species and the dynamic patterns of the physical and chemical microenvironments these populations inhabit and towards which they have evolved adaptations. We show that putative ecotypes predicted by the theory-based model correspond well with distribution patterns, suggesting populations with distinct ecologies, as expected of ecological species. Further, we show that increased molecular resolution enhances our ability to detect ecotypes in this way, though yet higher molecular resolution is probably needed to detect all ecotypes in this microbial community.

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