IDENTIFYING LONG-TERM SEAWATER CIRCULATION IN COASTAL AQUIFERS AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN OCEAN CHEMISTRY

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy.

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Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.745789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Almutairi ◽

Farzane Sivandzade ◽

Thamer H. Albekairi ◽

Faleh Alqahtani ◽

Luca Cucullo

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Potential Role ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Cytokine Levels

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, difficult breathing, fever, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure. There are significant gaps in the current understanding of whether SARS-CoV-2 attacks the CNS directly or through activation of the peripheral immune system and immune cell infiltration. Although the modality of neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 has not been thoroughly investigated, the latest studies have observed that SARS-CoV-2 induces neuroinflammation and may have severe long-term consequences. Here we review the literature on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced-neuroinflammation. Activation of the innate immune system is associated with increased cytokine levels, chemokines, and free radicals in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic response at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption allows immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the CNS activating immune resident cells (such as microglia and astrocytes). This review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation, which may lead to neuronal death. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help gain substantial knowledge about the potential role of SARS-CoV-2 in neurological changes and plan possible therapeutic intervention strategies.

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Case Report: Clostridium neonatale Bacteremia in a Preterm Neonate With Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.771467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Nadim Cassir ◽

Isabelle Grandvuillemin ◽

Manon Boxberger ◽

Priscilla Jardot ◽

Farid Boubred ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Preterm Neonate ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Environmental Cleaning ◽

Life Threatening

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a life-threatening acquired gastrointestinal disorder among preterm neonates and is associated with a high mortality rate and long-term neurodevelopmental morbidity. No etiologic agent has been definitively established; nonetheless, the most implicated bacteria include members of the Clostridium genus. We reported here on a case of Clostridium neonatale bacteremia in a preterm neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis, providing more information regarding the potential role of this bacterium in pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. We emphasized the sporulating form of C. neonatale that confers resistance to disinfectants usually applied for the hospital environmental cleaning. Further works are needed to establish the causal relationship between the occurrence of NEC and the isolation of C. neonatale, with promising perspectives in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic management.

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Structure Activity Relationships of Antiproliferative Rocaglamide Derivatives from Aglaia Species (Meliaceae)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1999-1-210 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 54 (1-2) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Frank I. Bohnenstengel ◽

Klaus G. Steube ◽

Corinna Meyer ◽

Bambang W. Nugroho ◽

Pham D. Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Potential Role ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Experimental Medicine ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pyran Ring ◽

Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Structure Activity ◽

High Doses

Eleven rocaglamide derivatives (cyclopentatetrahydrobenzofurans) and one structurally related aglain congener all isolated from different Aglaia species (Meliaceae) were tested for growth inhibiting properties using the human cancer cell lines MONO-MAC-6 and MEL-JUSO. Proliferation of both cell lines was efficiently inhibited in a dose and compound dependent manner. Applying a MTT-Assay, the IC50 of the most active compound didesmethyl-rocaglamide (1) was observed at 0.002 and 0.006 μg/ml (0.004 and 0.013 μM) depending on the cell line investigated. Bulky aminoacyl substituents at C-2, acetylation of the OH substituent at C-1 or insertion of a OH or OMe substituent at C-3 ’of the rocaglamide skeleton all diminished the activity of the compounds investigated. The aglain derivative 12 was inactive up to a concentration of 3 μg/ml (4.6 μᴍ) . This loss of activity is assumed to be mainly due to the presence of a pyran ring in the aglains vs. a furan ring as found in rocaglamide derivatives. Rocaglamide derivatives may act primarily by inhibition of cell proliferation as evidenced by the absence of a significant cytotoxic effect in long-term cultures of MONO-MAC-6 cells treated with high doses of didesmethylrocaglamide. Our data suggest that rocaglamide derivatives could exert a potential role in the treatment of malignant diseases and are worth to be investigated in further studies of experimental medicine and pharmacology

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Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089160208800602 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 445-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giuseppe Sanguineti ◽

Paola Franzone ◽

Laura Culp ◽

Michela Marcenaro ◽

Salvina Barra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽

Potential Role ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Salvage Treatment ◽

Salvage Radiotherapy ◽

Risk Of Failure

Aims and background The role of radiotherapy after prostatectomy is controversial. This paper tries to give some guidelines for everyday practice through an analysis of literature data. Methods The potential role of radiotherapy in the adjuvant and salvage setting is discussed. We also report and interpret available literature data for both settings. Results As regards an increase in or detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy, about 40–50% of patients are rendered bNED with local salvage radiotherapy, but only 10–50% are long-term (5 years) biochemically controlled. A timely salvage treatment is crucial to optimize control probability. As regards adjuvant radiotherapy for undetectable postoperative PSA in patients at high risk of failure as judged on pathology, results are more encouraging. Recent data report bNED rates ≥70% at 5 years. Conclusions Although results are far from satisfactory, salvage radiotherapy should be considered for every patient with an increased or detectable PSA after surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems preferable to salvage radiotherapy for patients at high (>30%) risk of failure.

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A Study on the Potential Role of Occlusal Fissure Fractures in the Etiopathogenesis of Equine Cheek Teeth Apical Infections

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/0898756419894653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katherina Y. Wellman ◽

Padraic M. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Potential Role ◽

Histological Study ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Dental Tissue ◽

Rule Out

Thirty-nine equine cheek teeth diagnosed as having anachoretic apical infections and also having occlusal fissure fractures, but without occlusal pulpar exposure, that had been orally extracted without causing occlusal damage and 10 control teeth were used in this study. The teeth were individually imaged by computed tomography, occlusally stained with methylene blue and visually reexamined, then sectioned subocclusally at 5 mm intervals until the fissure fractures could no longer be detected. A limited histological study was then performed on 7 apically infected and 5 control teeth. Standard computed tomography only detected 1 of 39 fissure fractures. Thirteen of the 39 stained teeth had subocclusal fissure fractures visually identified at approximately 6 mm beneath the surface, and in 9 of these 13 teeth the fissure fractures had deeper staining to a level immediately above or into a pulp horn, indicating a potential route for bacterial pulpitis. However, the current study cannot rule out the possibility that the extraction process, long-term formalin storage, or the processing of teeth may have allowed for deeper staining. Additionally, methylene blue may penetrate dental tissue more readily than bacteria can invade. Further studies on the potential role of fissure fractures in the etiopathogenesis of cheek teeth apical infection are warranted.

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Histological Evidence that Microsclerotia Play a Significant Role in Disease Cycle of the Boxwood Blight Pathogen in Southeastern United States and Implications for Disease Mitigation

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2012-0403-01-br ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah M. Weeda ◽

Norman L. Dart

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Significant Role ◽

Potential Role ◽

Histological Study ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Histological Evidence

Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum, the causal agent of box blight, has been shown to survive in soil for at least 5 years. The occurrence of microsclerotia in host tissue remains undocumented, making the mechanism for long term survival of this pathogen unclear. If the boxwood blight pathogen has indeed lost or never evolved the ability to produce microslerotia in tissues, one could infer that the pathogen is either less equipped for long term survival in soil than other Cylindrocladium species or the pathogen has evolved another mechanism to enable it to persist in soil. Based on these assumptions, we conducted a histological study to determine the potential role, if any, of microsclerotia in the lifecycle of C. pseudonaviculatum. Accepted for publication 17 February 2012. Published 3 April 2012.

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Biotic Stress-Induced Priming and De-Priming of Transcriptional Memory in Arabidopsis and Apple

Epigenomes ◽

10.3390/epigenomes3010003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kay Gully ◽

Jean-Marc Celton ◽

Alexandre Degrave ◽

Sandra Pelletier ◽

Marie-Noelle Brisset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Potential Role ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Transcriptional Memory ◽

Pre Treatment

Under natural growth conditions, plants experience various and repetitive biotic and abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone involved in the response to biotic challenges. Application of synthetic SA analogues can efficiently prime defense responses, and leads to improved pathogen resistance. Because SA analogues can result in long-term priming and memory, we identified genes for which expression was affected by the SA analogue and explored the role of DNA methylation in this memorization process. We show that treatments with an SA analogue can lead to long-term transcriptional memory of particular genes in Arabidopsis. We found that subsequent challenging of such plants with a bacterial elicitor reverted this transcriptional memory, bringing their expression back to the original pre-treatment level. We also made very similar observations in apple (Malus domestica), suggesting that this expression pattern is highly conserved in plants. Finally, we found a potential role for DNA methylation in the observed transcriptional memory behavior. We show that plants defective in DNA methylation pathways displayed a different memory behavior. Our work improves our understanding of the role of transcriptional memory in priming, and has important implication concerning the application of SA analogues in agricultural settings.

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